Oral Biology and Oral Pathology Commons^™

Pathogenicity Of Treponema Denticola Wild-Type And Mutant Strain Tested By An Active Mode Of Periodontal Infection Using Microinjection, Jacques Izard, Hajime Sasaki, Ralph Kent

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The available passive mode of periodontal infections in mice requires high efficiency of bacterial attachment and invasiveness and is not always suitable to test the pathogenicity of genetically engineered mutant strains. We developed an active mode of oral infection, using microinjection in the marginal gingiva of mice, to test the pathogenicity of a genetically engineered Treponema denticola mutant strain deficient in intermediate-like filaments, compared to the wild-type strain. This targeted mode of infection inoculates the bacterial strain to be tested directly at a lesion site (needle entry point) located at the future periodontal lesion site. The efficiency of T. …

A Polymerase Chain Reaction Method For The Detection Of Selenomonas Noxia, Arthuro Mehretu

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In recent studies, periodontal health has been linked to being overweight and/or obese. Among common oral bacteria, Selenomonas noxia has been implicated in converting periodontal health to disease. Selenomonas spp. have also been found in gastric ulcers, and were misdiagnosed as Helicobacter -like organisms, but no further studies were conducted. The increasing clinical and epidemiological importance of S. noxia necessitates the development of a rapid detection method. In this study, a TaqMan 16S rRNA based real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was developed, optimized and evaluated for the rapid and specific detection of S. noxia . The 16S PCR assay …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Microbial Presence In Existing Saliva Repository: A Pcr Based Molecular Survey Of Oral Microbial Populations From Existing Saliva Samples, Jay Ericksen Davis

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The overall purpose of this research project is to explore the link between oral health and disease in the University of Nevada, Las Vegas - School of Dental Medicine (UNLV-SDM) clinic patient population. More specifically, the population of interest is the UNLV-SDM orthodontic clinic patient population, which is mostly composed of adults, females, and minorities. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Dental Medicine, with more than 70,000 active patients and a post-graduate specialty program in Orthodontics is uniquely positioned to perform this type of oral health epidemiology survey, as well as targeted oral microbial testing among populations within …

Bacterial Adherence Of Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus Acidophilus On Poly-Methyl Methacrylate And Thermoplastic Polypropene Used In Orthodontic Retention, Lindsay Ann Pfepper

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Retention is required in the majority of orthodontic patients throughout the remainder of their life. The two primary removable appliances are known as the traditional Hawley retainer or the vacuum formed retainer. These appliances were developed to maintain the position of the dentition without sacrificing oral health. The orthodontic population is at a higher risk for caries due to plaque accumulation from poor diet, suboptimal oral hygiene and often lack of motivation. These two retainers occupy different niches and are comprised of different materials; therefore the retainers' effect on oral health could be very different. An understanding of which bacteria …

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (Gcf) Levels Of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Soluble Glycoprotein 130 (Sgp130), And Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor (Sil-6r) During Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Mathue Gene Faulkner

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement requires the precise coordination of a multitude of biological factors in order for proper bone remodeling to occur. Cytokines, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), play a critical role in the communication necessary for both bone resorption and bone apposition. IL-6 reacts with receptor proteins, such as soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), on target cells in order to transmit signals important to both osteoclast and osteoblast activities. Soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), on the other hand, acts as a natural inhibitor to IL-6 activity. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, and sgp130 …

Misdiagnosis Of Lateral Periodontal Cysts: A Retrospective Study, Piper Larson, John Huebner, Nagamani Narayana

Posters and Presentations: College of Dentistry

A total of 239 cases were retrieved from the files of the UNMC College of Dentistry oral biopsy service which had lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) as a clinical or a histological diagnosis. Of these, 178 were submitted with a clinical differential diagnosis that included LPC. Upon histological examination only 26 (11%) of those were in fact LPC. Only 21(9%) of the 51 cases diagnosed histologically met the criteria for LPC. Within those 239 cases, 120(50%) cases were inflammatory cysts, 31(13%) of the samples were determined to be keratocystic odontogenic tumors (odontogenic keratocysts). Conclusion: The LPC is frequently misdiagnosed due to …

The Human Oral Microbiome, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Tuste Chen, Jacques Izard, Bruce J. Paster, Anne C. R. Tanner, Wen-Han Yu, Abirami Lakshmanan, William G. Wade

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats, including the teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tonsils, which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome comprises over 600 prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets predominating at different habitats. The oral microbiome has been extensively characterized by cultivation and culture-independent molecular methods such as 16S rRNA cloning. Unfortunately, the vast majority of unnamed oral taxa are referenced by clone numbers or 16S rRNA GenBank accession numbers, often without taxonomic anchors. The first aim of this research was to collect 16S rRNA gene …

Expression Of Gna12 And Ifitm3, And Their Roles In Oral Carcinogenesis., Gan Chai Phei

Student Works (2010-2019)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major health problem worldwide. The heterogeneity of the disease is the main challenge for the improvement of current treatment modalities. Efforts in our laboratory have focused on the molecular profiling of oral cancer in order to understand the mechanisms underlying this disease. Based on the previous microarray data, Guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha-12 (GNA12) and Interferon inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) were identified to be up-regulated in oral cancer. Objectives: This study aims to validate the expression of GNA12 and IFITM3 at the mRNA and protein levels in oral cancer tissues and to …

Oral Mucositis: The New Paradigms, Rajesh V. Lalla, Douglas E. Peterson

UCHC Articles - Research

Purpose of review

Mucositis has long been viewed as an unavoidable consequence of high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation. Management has been directed to supportive care including oral pain control, nutritional support, infection treatment and control of diarrhea. While these interventions have been valuable for clinical management, they have not been collectively directed to molecularly targeted prevention and treatment. This review addresses recent advances regarding mucosal injury in cancer patients, with emphasis on symptom clusters, genetically-based tissue susceptibility and risk prediction, imaging technology, and computational biology.

Recent findings

Modeling of symptom clusters in cancer patients continues to mature. Although integration of mucositis …

The Human Oral Microbiome Database: A Web-Accessible Resource For Investigating Oral Microbe Taxonomic And Genomic Information, Tsute Chen, Wen-Han Yu, Jacques Izard, Oxana V. Baranova, Abirami Lakshmanan, Floyd E. Dewhirst

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The human oral microbiome is the most studied human microflora, but 53% of the species have not yet been validly named and 35% remain uncultivated. The uncultivated taxa are known primarily from 16S rRNA sequence information. Sequence information tied solely to obscure isolate or clone numbers, and usually lacking accurate phylogenetic placement, is a major impediment to working with human oral microbiome data. The goal of creating the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) is to provide the scientific community with a body site-specific comprehensive database for the more than 600 prokaryote species that are present in the human oral cavity …

Study Of Bacterial Diversity In The Oral Cavity Of Malaysian Subjects., Teoh Wuen Yew

Student Works (2010-2019)

About 700 species of bacteria can inhabit the human oral cavity. This project initially investigated the bacterial diversity within the oral cavity of Malaysian subjects by using culture-dependent techniques and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The second part of the research profiled the antibiotic resistance of the identified oral bacteria by the Etest method. Three sampling sites of the oral cavity from nine healthy subjects were analyzed: the tooth surface, gingival crevice, and dorsum of the tongue. The tooth surface was shown to harbor 41 species, gingival crevice harbored 51 species and tongue dorsum 41 species. On average, each subject carried …

Cyclin D1 Amplification In Tongue And Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma., Haydar M. Mahdey

Student Works (2010-2019)

Introduction Oral cancer is a significant health problem worldwide with almost 300,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Despite the numerous studies done, and even with the best treatment option utilized, more than 50% of patients with oral cancer will experience relapse. In search for better options for prognostication, researches are now focusing on the molecular biology of cancer, for instance in search of reliable tumor markers. Among the markers reported in the literatures, Cyclin D1 is actively studied protein. Cyclin D1 regulates the cell cycle progression by forming a complex with different cyclin dependant kinase. Dysregulation of cyclin D1 …

Building The Genomic Base-Layer Of The Oral “Omic” World, Forsyth Metagenomic Support Consortium, Jacques Izard

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

With the shift of molecular technologies directed toward the understanding of greater biological complexity of the oral cavity, a knowledge gap was created by the lack of genomic data from the diverse oral microorganisms. To facilitate and enable the interpretation of metagenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data generated or soon to be generated from oral biofilms, we are providing reference genomic information from phylogenetically diverse oral bacterial isolates. This work, initiated by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research as an isolated effort, is now part of the Human Microbiome Project. The goal of this effort is the public release …