Anatomy Commons^™

Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory And Multisensory Cortical Regions, Moazzum Bajwa

Theses and Dissertations

In the brain, the dendritic spine is a point of information exchange that extends the neuronal surface on which synapses occur, as well as facilitates and stabilizes those contacts. Furthermore, dendritic spines dynamically change in shape and number in response to a variety of factors. Dendritic spine numbers are reduced in mental retardation, enhanced during development, sensory enrichment or physical exercise, or fluctuate during the reproductive cycle. Thus, for a given neuron type, it might be expected that dendritic spine number might achieve a dynamic optimum. Indeed, many studies of spine density of pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex indicate that …

Acute Musculoskeletal Sports Injury And Topical Nsaid, Amit M. Deokar, Shawn J. Smith, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The objective of this chapter is to summarize the current standards of pain management in minor sports related musculoskeletal injuries. We also address the topical form of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug as an effective pain management option in an out-patient setting. Design: Quantitive systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Methods: The data was obtained through literature review of articles published in the last 10 years. In addition, FDA information on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications was also reviewed. The patient population studied in the articles included children and adults. Conclusion: Current standards of managing pain resulting from sports injuries involve a number of …

Clinico-Morphological Correlations In The Categorization Of Holes Between The Ventricles., Brad A. Friedman, Anthony Hlavacek, Karen Chessa, Girish S. Shirali, Eowyn Corcrain, Diane Spicer, Robert H. Anderson, Sinai Zyblewski

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Controversy still exists in the categorization of holes between the ventricles, although they are the most common congenital cardiac malformation. Advanced imaging techniques such as three-dimensional echocardiography and computed tomographic angiography offer superb anatomical details of these defects. In this review, we have sought to collate the features highlighted in different categorizations and identify their similarities, but also emphasize their differences. We hope that an analysis of this type, now achievable during life, using advanced imaging, might lead to the appearance of a unified system for diagnosis and description of holes between the ventricles.

Sensitization Of Behavioral Response To Maternal Separation: Persistence Of The Effect And Role Of Proinflammatory Activity, Jessie Caraway

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Maternal separation in guinea pigs produces a biphasic response consisting of an active behavior phase followed by a phase of passive behavior (crouched stance, piloerection, and eye closure). Previous studies suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate passive behavior during the passive phase. It is also known that guinea pig pups separated on two consecutive days show a significant increase (sensitization) in full passive behavior on the second day. The current study examined the persistence and role of pro-inflammatory activity in the sensitization of passive behavior in maternally separated guinea pigs. Guinea pig pups were assigned to one of four groups differing …

Portable, Non-Invasive Fall Risk Assessment In End Stage Renal Disease Patients On Hemodialysis, Thurmon Lockhart, Adam T. Barth, Xiaoyue Zhang, Rahul Soangra, Emaad Abdel-Rahman, John Lach

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Patients with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) have high morbidity and mortality due to multiple causes, one of which is dramatically higher fall rates than the general population. The mobility mechanisms that contribute to falls in this population must be understood if adequate interventions for fall prevention are to be achieved. This study utilizes emerging noninvasive, portable gait, posture, strength, and stability assessment technologies to extract various mobility parameters that research has shown to be predictive of fall risk in the general population. As part of an ongoing human subjects study, mobility measures such as postural and …

The Role Of Apoptosis In Hela Cells Expressing Hiv-1 Rev, Elizabeth Page

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The HIV protein Rev is a nucleolar protein that regulates late gene expression in infected cells by promoting the export of under-spliced viral RNAs (Pollard and Malim, 1998). Its over-expression can also inhibit progression through mitosis (Miyazaki et al., 1995), possibly through its ability to depolymerize microtubules (Watts et al., 2000). Consequently, Rev may activate the spindle assembly checkpoint in mitotic cells and increase the frequency of apoptosis. Rev also binds the nucleolar protein B23 involved in ribosome maturation and centrosome duplication. Because loss of B23 function stimulates apoptosis (Ahn et al., 2005), Rev expression may promote apoptosis by inhibiting …

Short-Term Administration Of Corticosterone Has Lasting Effects On Learning In Young Rats, Christine L. Wentworth-Eidsaune

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Corticosterone is a glucocorticoid released as part of the body's response to stress and is known to affect cognitive function, presumably via effects on the hippocampus. Trace classical eyeblink conditioning depends on the hippocampus, and has been used to examine the development of learning processes in young organisms. Experiment 1 was a dosing study, in which time course of effect of corticosterone was followed in 15-day-old Long-Evans rat pups over 24 hours for 4 different concentrations (high: 0.02 mg/g body weight (b.w.), medium: 0.01mg/g b.w., low: 0.005 mg/g b.w. and a vehicle control). In Experiment 2, two subcutaneous injections (0.02 …

Developmental Expression Of Calcium Buffering Proteins In Central Auditory Pathways Of Normal Hearing And Congenitally Deaf Mice, Adam S. Deardorff

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These experiments analyze differences in synaptic development in central auditory pathways between normal hearing (CBA/J) and congenitally deaf (dn/dn) mice, which provide valuable insight into central synaptic plasticity corresponding to human congenital deafness. Immunofluorescent analysis of the developmental expression of the calcium buffering proteins calretinin, calbindin d-28k, and parvalbumin at various postnatal time points was performed to assess the effects of altered neural activity on the level and/or pattern of protein expression within these nuclei. Results indicate that the pattern of calbindin and parvalbumin is unaffected by congenital deafness in dn/dn mice. However, the pattern of calretinin expression in the …

An Investigation Of The Prevalence Of Upper Limb Neuropathies In Different Types Of College Musicians By Use Of Neurometrix Device, Saunders Jones Jr., Christi Hernandez

Faculty Articles

In general, people who perform repetitive motions are often vulnerable to repetitive strain injuries. Because musicians must execute the same motion over and over again while practicing and performing their music, they are an example of a group that often develops these repetitive strain injuries. More specifically, musicians are known for developing neuropathies in their upper limbs, with carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome being most common. However, because of varying playing postures, all musicians may not be at equal risk for developing these two neuropathies, so the purpose of this study was to identify which musician group has …

Presynaptic Regulation Of Carotid Body Type I Cells By Histaminergic And Muscarinic Receptors, Carrie Marie Thompson

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Type I cells are one of two main cell types located within the carotid body. These cells respond to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis by releasing excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. This causes increased firing of the carotid sinus nerve and restores blood gas levels to their physiological values. While previous studies have shown whether individual neurotransmitters are excitatory or inhibitory, this work demonstrates how the interplay between two neurotransmitters may potentially shape the output of the carotid body. Histamine, which has previously been shown to have no effect on intracellular Ca2+ in type I cells, may function to modulate the actions …

Chemosensitization Of Cancer Cells By Sirna Using Targeted Nanogel Delivery, Erin B. Dickerson, William H. Blackburn, Michael H. Smith, Laura B. Kapa, L. Andrew Lyon, John F. Mcdonald

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. Targeted therapies that enhance cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents have the potential to increase drug efficacy while reducing toxic effects on untargeted cells. Targeted cancer therapy by RNA interference (RNAi) is a relatively new approach that can be used to reversibly silence genes in vivo by selectively targeting genes such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has been shown to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to taxane chemotherapy. However, delivery represents the main hurdle for the broad development of RNAi therapeutics.

Methods: We report here …