Anatomy Commons^™

Renal Function And Proteinuria After Successful Immunosuppressive Therapies In Patients With Fsgs., Ronald J. Hogg, Aaron Friedman, Tom Greene, Milena Radeva, Milos N. Budisavljevic, Jennifer Gassman, Debbie S. Gipson, J Ashley Jefferson, Eunice G. John, Frederick J. Kaskel, Asha Moudgil, Marva Moxey-Mims, Luis A. Ortiz, Jeffrey R. Schelling, William Schnaper, Tarak Srivastava, Howard Trachtman, V Matti Vehaskari, Craig Wong, Robert P. Woronieki, Scott K. Van Why, Anna Zolotnitskaya

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the FSGS Clinical Trial, 22 cyclosporine-treated and 20 mycophenolate/dexamethasone-treated patients experienced a complete or partial remission after 26 weeks, completed 52 weeks of treatment, and were studied through 78 weeks. Herein, changes in the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C) and estimated GFR (eGFR) throughout the entire study period are defined.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: The FSGS Clinical Trial, which was conducted from November 2004 to January 2010, enrolled patients aged 2-40 years, with eGFR ≥40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and UP/C >1 mg/mg after ≥4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy. Both groups received lisinopril or losartan throughout …

Differential Regulation Of Glut1 Activity In Human Corneal Limbal Epithelial Cells And Fibroblasts, David P. Kuipers, Jared P. Scripture, Stephen M. Gunnink, Matthew J. Salie

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The corneal epithelial tissue is a layer of rapidly growing cells that are highly glycolytic and express GLUT1 as the major glucose transporter. It has been shown that GLUT1 in L929 fibroblast cells and other cell lines can be acutely activated by a variety agents. However, the acute regulation of glucose uptake in corneal cells has not been systematically investigated. Therefore, we examined glucose uptake in an immortalized human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) cell line and compared it to glucose uptake in L929 fibroblast cells, a cell line where glucose uptake has been well characterized. We report that the expression of …

Association Of Impaired Linear Growth And Worse Neurodevelopmental Outcome In Infants With Single Ventricle Physiology: A Report From The Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle Trial., Chitra Ravishankar, Victor Zak, Ismee A. Williams, David C. Bellinger, J William Gaynor, Nancy S. Ghanayem, Catherine D. Krawczeski, Daniel J. Licht, Lynn Mahony, Jane W. Newburger, Victoria L. Pemberton, Richard V. Williams, Renee Sananes, Amanda L. Cook, Teresa Atz, Svetlana Khaikin, Daphne T. Hsu, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with single ventricle (SV) physiology and determine factors associated with worse outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN: Neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants with SV enrolled in a multicenter drug trial were assessed at 14 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with worse outcomes.

RESULTS: Neurodevelopmental testing was performed at 14 ± 1 months in 170/185 subjects in the trial. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was present in 59% and 75% had undergone the Norwood operation. Mean Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) and mental developmental index (MDI) …

Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Cancer Survivors And Non-Cancer Individuals: Results From A National Survey, Roy B. Kim, Allison Phillips, Kirsten Herrick, Marieka Helou, Carlin Rafie, Mitchell S. Anscher, Ross B. Mikkelsen, Yi Ning

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior are associated with a higher quality of life and lower mortality rates for cancer survivors, a growing population group. Studies detailing the behavior of cancer survivors are limited. Therefore, we investigated physical activity and sedentary behavior of cancer survivors using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Participants were those who provided physical activity and sedentary behavior data. Those who were pregnant,old, or10,472 non-cancer participants. After adjustment for age, race, gender, education status, body mass index, and smoking status, cancer survivors (n = 10,472) reported significantly longer duration of …

Contributions Of Vldlr And Lrp8 In The Establishment Of Retinogeniculate Projections, Jianmin Su, Michael A. Klemm, Anne M. Josephson, Michael A. Fox

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Background

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, project to over 20 distinct brain nuclei, including the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a thalamic region comprised of three functionally distinct subnuclei: the ventral LGN (vLGN), the dorsal LGN (dLGN) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). We previously identified reelin, an extracellular glycoprotein, as a critical factor that directs class-specific targeting of these subnuclei. Reelin is known to bind to two receptors: very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), also known as apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). Here we examined the roles of these canonical reelin …

Whole-Body Vibration Improves Functional Mobility, Flexibility, And Relative Risk For Falling In The Assisted Living Elderly: A Case Series, Christina Garrity, Harold L. Merriman, C. Jayne Brahler

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Study design: A randomized double blind repeated measures, case series study of whole body vibration (WBV) in the assisted living elderly.

Background: A single exposure to WBV has been shown to have benefit with respect to muscle activity, strength, balance, and power in some studies while other studies have found no benefit. Its overall effectiveness is unknown due to the conflicting findings reported in the literature.

Case description: Six subjects (5 female, 1 male; mean age = 85.4) in an assisted living community volunteered to participate. Subjects were exposed to a single bout of WBV at 0, 2, 20, and …

The Dn2 Myeloid-T (Dn2mt) Progenitor Is A Target Cell For Leukemic Transformation By The Tlx1 Oncogene, Lynnsey A. Zweier-Renn, Irene Riz, Teresa S. Hawley, Robert G. Hawley

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Introduction: Inappropriate activation of the TLX1 (T-cell leukemia homeobox 1) gene by chromosomal translocation is a recurrent event in human T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). Ectopic expression of TLX1 in murine bone marrow progenitor cells using a conventional retroviral vector efficiently yields immortalized cell lines and induces T-ALL-like tumors in mice after long latency.

Methods: To eliminate a potential contribution of retroviral insertional mutagenesis to TLX1 immortalizing and transforming function, we incorporated the TLX1 gene into an insulated self-inactivating retroviral vector.

Results: Retrovirally transduced TLX1-expressing murine bone marrow progenitor cells had a growth/survival advantage and readily gave rise to immortalized …

Microglial Activation Decreases Retention Of The Protease Inhibitor Saquinavir: Implications For Hiv Treatment, Shannon Dallas, Michelle L. Block, Deborah M. Thompson, Marcelo G. Bonini, Patrick T. Ronaldson, Reina Bendayan, David S. Miller

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Background

Active HIV infection within the central nervous system (CNS) is confined primarily to microglia. The glial cell compartment acts as a viral reservoir behind the blood-brain barrier. It provides an additional roadblock to effective pharmacological treatment via expression of multiple drug efflux transporters, including P-glycoprotein. HIV/AIDS patients frequently suffer bacterial and viral co-infections, leading to deregulation of glial cell function and release of pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and nitric oxide.

Methods

To better define the role of inflammation in decreased HIV drug accumulation into CNS targets, accumulation of the antiretroviral saquinavir was examined in purified cultures of rodent …

Effect Of Budesonide On Fibroblast-Mediated Collagen Gel Contraction And Degradation, Qiuhong Fang, Nancy A. Schulte, Huijung Kim, Tetsu Kobayashi, Xingqi Wang, Anna Miller-Larsson, Elisabet Wieslander, Myron L. Toews, Xiangde Liu, Stephen I. Rennard

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: The balance between production and degradation of extracellular matrix is crucial in maintaining normal tissue structure. This study was designed to investigate the effect of budesonide on fibroblast-mediated tissue repair and remodeling.

METHODS: Using human fetal lung fibroblasts in a three-dimensional collagen gel culture system, we investigated the effect of budesonide (1-1000 nM) on collagen gel contraction and degradation in the presence or absence of Inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α; 5 ng/mL each) and, in order to activate latent proteases, serine protease trypsin 0.25 μg/mL. The effects of budesonide on metalloproteinase production and activation were also …

A One-Hour Sleep Restriction Impacts Brain Processing In Young Children Across Tasks: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Dennis Molfese, Anna Ivanenko, Alexandra P.F. Key, Adrienne Roman, Victoria J. Molfese, Louise M. O'Brien, David Gozal, Srinivas Kota, Caitlin M. Hudac

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

The effect of mild sleep restriction on cognitive functioning in young children is unclear, yet sleep loss may impact children's abilities to attend to tasks with high processing demands. In a preliminary investigation, six children (6.6 - 8.3 years of age) with normal sleep patterns performed three tasks: attention (“Oddball”), speech perception (conconant-vowel syllables) and executive function (Directional Stroop). Event-related potentials (ERP) responses were recorded before (Control) and following one-week of 1-hour per day of sleep restriction. Brain activity across all tasks following Sleep Restriction differed from activity during Control Sleep, indicating that minor sleep restriction impacts children's neurocognitive functioning.

Normative Topographic Erp Analyses Of Speed Of Speech Processing And Grammar Before And After Grammatical Treatment, Paul J. Yoder, Dennis Molfese, Micah M. Murray, Alexandra P.F. Key

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Typically developing (TD) preschoolers and age-matched preschoolers with specific language impairment (SLI) received event-related potentials (ERPs) to four monosyllabic speech sounds prior to treatment and, in the SLI group, after 6 months of grammatical treatment. Before treatment, the TD group processed speech sounds faster than the SLI group. The SLI group increased the speed of their speech processing after treatment. Post-treatment speed of speech processing predicted later impairment in comprehending phrase elaboration in the SLI group. During the treatment phase, change in speed of speech processing predicted growth rate of grammar in the SLI group.

Pge 2 Desensitizes Β -Agonist Effect On Human Lung Fibroblast-Mediated Collagen Gel Contraction Through Opregulating Pde4, Qiuhong Fang, Yingmin Ma, Jing Wang, Joel Michalski, Stephen I. Rennard, Xiangde Liu

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

In the current study, we investigated the effect of a long-acting β -agonist (salmeterol) and a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (cilomilast) on human lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Higher concentrations of salmeterol (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. No effect was observed with cilomilast alone (up to 10(-5) M). In the presence of 10(-8) M salmeterol, however, cilomilast could significantly inhibit fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (10(-7) ~10(-5) M). Blockade of endogenous PGE2 by indomethacin further potentiated the inhibitory effect of salmeterol on fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction, but it did not affect cilomilast's effect. …

Assessing Residual Reasoning Ability In Overtly Non-Communicative Patients Using Fmri, Adam Hampshire, Beth L. Parkin, Rhodri Cusack, Davinia Fernandez Espejo, Judith Allanson, Evelyn Kamau, John D. Pickard, Adrian M. Owen

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

It is now well established that some patients who are diagnosed as being in a vegetative state or a minimally conscious state show reliable signs of volition that may only be detected by measuring neural responses. A pertinent question is whether these patients are also capable of logical thought. Here, we validate an fMRI paradigm that can detect the neural fingerprint of reasoning processes and moreover, can confirm whether a participant derives logical answers. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in a physically non-communicative patient who had been shown to engage in mental imagery in response to simple auditory …

Assessing The Feasibility Of Time-Resolved Fnirs To Detect Brain Activity During Motor Imagery, Androu Abdalmalak, Daniel Milej, Mamdou Diop, Lorina Naci, Adrian M. Owen, Keith St. Lawrence

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical technique for detecting brain activity, which has been previously used during motor and motor executive tasks. There is an increasing interest in using fNIRS as a brain computer interface (BCI) for patients who lack the physical, but not the mental, ability to respond to commands. The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of time-resolved fNIRS to detect brain activity during motor imagery. Stability tests were conducted to ensure the temporal stability of the signal, and motor imagery data were acquired on healthy subjects. The NIRS probes were placed on …

Assessing Tumor Physiology By Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Kyle Verdecchia, Jonathan Elliott, Mamadou Diop, Lisa Hoffman, Ting-Yim Lee, Keith St. Lawrence

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to characterize tumor physiology. Dynamic data were acquired using two contrast agents of different molecular weights, indocyanine green (ICG) and IRDye 800CW carboxylate (IRDcxb). The DCE curves were analyzed using a kinetic model capable of extracting estimates of tumor blood flow (F), capillary transit time (t(c)) and the amount of dye that leaked into the extravascular space (EVS) - characterized by the extraction fraction (E). Data were acquired from five nude rats with tumor xenografts (>10mm) implanted in the neck. Four DCE-NIR datasets …

Development Of A 3d Ultrasound System To Investigate Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus In Pre-Term Neonates, J. Kishimoto, D. Lee, K. St. Lawrence, W. Romano, A. Fenster, S. De Ribaupierre

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Clinical intracranial ultrasound (US) is performed as a standard of care on neonates at risk of intraventricular hemorrhaging (IVH) and is also used after a diagnosis to monitor for potential ventricular dilation. However, it is difficult to estimate the volume of ventricles with 2D US due to their irregular shape. We developed a 3D US system to be used as an adjunct to a clinical system to investigate volumetric changes in the ventricles of neonates with IVH. Our system has been found have an error of within 1% of actual distance measurements in all three directions and volume measurements of …

A Chronic Problem: Pain Management Of Non-Cancer Pain In America, Sigrid Frey-Revere, Elizabeth K. Do

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Factors That Lead To The Immunotherapy Gap In Multiple Sclerosis Testing, Karthika Solai

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system. Most doctors and scientists believe that it is an autoimmune disease. Simply put, the immune system attacks the nerves in a person’s body, thereby causing myelin damage, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. The plaque that then builds up on the nerves is scar tissue created when the wounds made by the immune system heal. It is this plaque that inhibits communication between the axons in the body and causes the symptoms of MS, which includes problems with movement, pain, vision problems, trouble swallowing, fatigue, and heat sensitivity (Baker et al., 2011, …

A Double Blind Community-Based Randomized Trial Of Amoxicillin Versus Placebo For Fast Breathing Pneumonia In Children Aged 2-59 Months In Karachi, Pakistan (Retapp), Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Salima Kerai, Nick Brown, Benazir Balouch, Zulfiqar Hyder, Gwen Ambler, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Fast breathing pneumonia is characterized by tachypnoea in the absence of danger signs and is mostly viral in etiology. Current guidelines recommend antibiotic therapy for all children with fast breathing pneumonia in resource limited settings, presuming that most pneumonia is bacterial. High quality clinical trial evidence to challenge or support the continued use of antibiotics, as recommended by the World Health Organization is lacking.

Methods/Design: This is a randomized double blinded placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial using parallel assignment with 1:1 allocation ratio, to be conducted in low income squatter settlements of urban Karachi, Pakistan. Children 2-59 months old with fast …

Non-Motile Primary Cilia As Fluid Shear Stress Mechanosensors, Surya M. Nauli, Xingjian Jin, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi, Wassim El-Jouni, Xuefeng Su, Jing Zhou

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia are sensory organelles that transmit extracellular signals into intracellular biochemical responses. Structural and functional defects in primary cilia are associated with a group of human diseases, known as ciliopathies, with phenotypes ranging from cystic kidney and obesity to blindness and mental retardation. Primary cilia mediate mechano- and chemosensation in many cell types. The mechanosensory function of the primary cilia requires the atypical G-protein-coupled receptor polycystin-1 and the calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel polycystin-2. Mechanical stimulations such as fluid-shear stress of the primary cilia initiate intracellular calcium rise, nitric oxide release, and protein modifications. In this review, we describe a …