Anatomy Commons^™

Oncology Section Edge Task Force On Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review Of Outcome Measures For Functional Mobility, Mary Insana Fisher, Jeannette Lee, Claire Davies, Hannah Geyer, Genevieve Colon, Lucinda Pfalzer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Breast cancer treatments in women with breast cancer often result in physical impairments that lead to activity limitations and participation restrictions. These limitations and restrictions manifest in impaired functional mobility skills that may impact survivorship. Thus, evaluation of functional mobility is an important part of survivorship care.

Purpose: To identify functional mobility outcome measures that possess strong psychometric properties and are clinically useful for examination of women treated for breast cancer.

Methods: Multiple electronic databases were searched for articles published after 1995. Studies were included if they reported psychometric properties, used clinically feasible methods, were performed on adults, and …

The Effects Of Home-Based Pilates In Healthy College-Age Females, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Mary Insana Fisher, C. Jayne Brahler

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objectives: To quantify and determine the effects of Pilates on core endurance, hamstring flexibility, balance, body composition/mass and perceived stress level in healthy college age females.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial design.

Background: Emerging research on the Pilates technique is inconclusive regarding benefits to core endurance, flexibility, balance, body mass, and perceived stress.

Methods and Measures: Female college students (n=57; 18-35 years old) were randomly assigned to a Pilates group, who exercised at home with a DVD, or a control group who did not engage in Pilates practice. Core endurance, hamstring flexibility, balance, body composition and stress measurements were taken …

High Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Als Mogelijke Hulp Bij Afasie-Herstel, Dirk B. Den Ouden

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

Samenvatting

Nieuwe kennis over het plastische vermogen van het volwassen brein, ook na hersenschade, heeft geleid tot hernieuwde interesse in technieken om deze plasticiteit fysiek te sturen. Een van die technieken is transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), waarmee de exciteerbaarheid van hersencellen beïnvloed wordt door een zwakke gelijkstroom door de hersenschors te leiden. Als met deze methode hersenplasticiteit bevorderd en gestuurd kan worden, is het wellicht mogelijk om de uitkomsten van afasietherapie te verbeteren, door het aanpakken van de fysieke bron van de stoornis. Dit artikel behandelt kort de geschiedenis en de werking van tDCS, alvorens een overzicht te geven …

Four-Digit Hand: Anatomy Of Ray Ii Amputation, Sadie Volk

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The South Dakota State University anatomy program received a male cadaver, age eighty-four, in January 2014. Upon arrival, the cadaver was observed for any signs of surgery, skin ulcerations, or abnormality. The inspection revealed that his right hand only had four digits. In order to observe such a unique extremity, a dissection was conducted to understand the anatomy of the four-digit hand. This dissection would search for standard anatomical landmarks as well as abnormalities that could have been in relation to the absent finger. In this case study, both amputation and a possible birth defect were taken into account and …

Target-Directed Biosynthetic Evolution: Redirecting Plant Evolution To Genomically Optimize A Plant’S Pharmacological Profile, Dustin Paul Brown

Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience

The dissertation describes a novel method for plant drug discovery based on mutation and selection of plant cells. Despite the industry focus on chemical synthesis, plants remain a source of potent and complex bioactive metabolites. Many of these have evolved as defensive compounds targeted on key proteins in the CNS of herbivorous insects, for example the insect dopamine transporter (DAT). Because of homology with the human DAT protein some of these metabolites have high abuse potential, but others may be valuable in treating drug dependence. This dissertation redirects the evolution of a native Lobelia species toward metabolites with greater activity …

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Prevent Pulmonary Endothelial Hyperpermeability And Acute Lung Injury By Regulating Heat Shock Protein 90 Function, Atul D. Joshi, Nektarios Barabutis, Charalampos Birmpas, Christiana Dimitropoulou, Gagan Thangjam, Mary Cherian-Shaw, John Dennison, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Transendothelial hyperpermeability caused by numerous agonists is dependent on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and leads to endothelial barrier dysfunction (EBD). Inhibition of Hsp90 protects and restores transendothelial permeability. Hyperacetylation of Hsp90, as by inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC), suppresses its chaperone function and mimics the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors. In this study we assessed the role of HDAC in mediating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transendothelial hyperpermeability and acute lung injury (ALI). We demonstrate that HDAC inhibition protects against LPS-mediated EBD. Inhibition of multiple HDAC by the general inhibitors panobinostat or trichostatin provided protection against LPS-induced transendothelial hyperpermeability, acetylated and suppressed Hsp90 …

Agreement In The Army's Circumference Measurements And Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Katherine Mitchell

All Master's Theses

The United States military has two primary outcomes for fitness: combat readiness and physical appearance. In response to the Army Weight Control Program, height-weight tables were put forth to evaluate soldiers’ body fat percentages and screen for overweight individuals. However, few studies have examined the agreement in body composition estimates between the Army’s circumference measurements and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The purpose of this study was to quantify the agreement in body fat percentage estimates between the Army’s circumference measurements and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in male Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) cadets. Male R.O.T.C. cadets (N = 23) …

Total Synthesis Of Clavatadine A Analogs To Produce A Viable Reversible Inhibitor For Factor Xia, Christopher E. Malmberg

All Master's Theses

Cardiovascular disease has quickly become a major health concern in the United States, with numerous citizens dying from cardiovascular disease each year. Older medications, while effective against cardiovascular disease, are problematic to prescribe. A recently isolated natural product, clavatadine A, selectively inhibits human blood coagulation factor XIa. As a result, the synthesis and biological testing of clavatadine A and synthetic clavatadine A analogues that selectively inhibit factor XIa would represent a new direction in cardiovascular disease research. A potent and selective factor XIa inhibitor has the potential to be a safer replacement for current anticoagulants, such as Warfarin, Pradaxa^{® …}

Vigorous Exercise Effect On Cardiovascular Health, Aryeh Mahana

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Many studies examine the effects of vigorous cardiovascular exercise on the heart. Intense exercise causes frequent muscle contractions in the heart and specific biomarkers that usually signify a myocardial infarction are released into the bloodstream. However, studies indicate that there might not be a correlation between the release of biomarkers and cardiac function. Another study shows that long term vigorous exercise negatively affects the heart by dramatically increasing the mass and volume of the right and left ventricles, thereby resulting in hypertrophy. The cardiac hypertrophy is still evident even after the subjects have stopped exercising. Cardiac hypertrophy results in myocardial …

Is Avotermin Safe And Effective Treatment For Scar Improvement In Healthy Males And Females?, Maria Vera Leon

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not avotermin is a safe and effective treatment for scar improvement in healthy males and females.

STUDY DESIGN: Systemic review of three primary research studies published in the English language, one published in 2010 and the other two in 2011.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized placebo controlled phase II trials and one double blind within patient placebo controlled phase II clinical trial, analyzed and compared the effectiveness in the administration of avotermin against a placebo in the improvement and diminution of scars. All articles were found using Pubmed …

Is Ablative Fractional Co2 Lasering Effective At Reducing The Appearance Of Moderate To Severe Atrophic Acne Scars As Per Patient Reports?, Katie N. Moses

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: Is ablative fractional CO2 lasering effective at reducing the appearance of moderate to severe atrophic acne scars?

Study Design: Review of published articles including one randomized controlled trial with blinded response evaluation, one randomized split-faced clinical study and one clinical trial were used for this review and were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question.

Data Source: The most recent trials examining ablative fractional CO2 lasering for the treatment of moderate to severe atrophic acne scars were found using PubMed.

Outcome Measured: Patient reported reduction in the appearance of atrophic acne scars was the outcome measured.

Results: …

Human Anatomy And Physiology Preparatory Course (1st Edition), Carlos Liachovitzky

Open Educational Resources

The overall purpose of this preparatory course textbook is to help students familiarize with some terms and some basic concepts they will find later in the Human Anatomy and Physiology I course.

The organization and functioning of the human organism generally is discussed in terms of different levels of increasing complexity, from the smallest building blocks to the entire body. This Anatomy and Physiology preparatory course covers the foundations on the chemical level, and a basic introduction to cellular level, organ level, and organ system levels. There is also an introduction to homeostasis at the beginning.

The Inhibitory Effects Of Opioids On Voltage-Gated Calcium Influx In Neonatal Rat Carotid Body Type I Cells, Ellen M. Ricker

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

It is known that opioids inhibit the hypoxic ventilatory response, but little is known about the mechanisms that underpin this. This study's objectives were to examine which opioid receptors are located on the oxygen-sensing carotid body type I cells and determine whether selective agonists inhibit cellular excitability.

Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of μ and κ opioid receptors on type I cells. The μ-selective agonist DAMGO (10μM) and the κ-selective agonist U50-488 (10μM) significantly (p<0.0025 and p<0.0095 respectively, unpaired student's t-test) inhibited high K+ induced rises in intracellular Ca2+ compared with controls. After a three-hour incubation with pertussis toxin, a Gi protein-coupled inhibitor, DAMGO and U50-488 (10μM) has no significant effect on the responses to K+.

These results indicate that opioids acting at μ and κ receptors inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in carotid body type I cells. This mechanism may explain, in …

Angiotensin-Ii Receptor Blocker And Its Effects On Depressive-Like Behavior During Maternal Separation, Evan D. Xanthos

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Maternal separation has been shown to promote the onset of adult depression. This early life stressor produces a biphasic response marked by an active "protest" phase followed by a passive "despair" phase in humans and other species. In infant guinea pigs, active phase behaviors include increased locomotion and distress vocalizations, whereas the passive phase is marked by depressive-like behaviors including a crouch stance, eye closure and piloerection. Separation elicits physiological responses including increased core body temperature and proinflammatory cytokine expression suggesting fever. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB's) inhibit inflammation both peripherally and centrally following peripheral administration. The goal of the present …

Is Polyvinylidene Diflouride (Pvdf) Film Biocompatible In The Murine Cochlea?, Robert Maxwell Jaggers

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, a biomaterial that is an integral part of a Totally Implantable Sustainable Hearing Aide (TISHA) device, was examined to determine its biocompatibility within the murine cochlea. The biofilm was implanted in the ear using a round window cochleostomy in 7-9 week old male C57BL/6 mice. Three test groups containing seven mice each were implanted with PVDF film. Each mouse received a sham surgery on the non-implanted cochlea. Three test groups were examined at 48 hours, 3 weeks, and 3 months. At the end of this time the mouse was euthanized, the tissue containing the cochlea was …

Efficacy Of Mastery-Based And Autonomy-Supportive Neuroanatomy Curriculum In Graduate Level Human Neurobiology Course, Corin Wolfgang Magee

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Anatomy provides scientists with a common vocabulary for discussing the human body, and is, therefore, an important aspect of science education. Literature shows that traditional teaching methods may be enhanced by the employment of mastery-based learning in an autonomy-supportive environment. The present study sought to determine the effects of these teaching strategies on the learning of neuroanatomy in a graduate neurobiology course.

These results show students learned and reportedly enjoyed learning a large amount of neuroanatomy. Experimentally taught students who completed the curriculum did well on the 30-item neuroanatomy quiz (mean score 81%), which was administered at the end of …

Mechanisms Of Hyperglycemia-Induced Ros Production In Osmotically Swollen Glial Cells, Augusta K. Eduafo

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Cerebral edema is a potentially fatal complication of diabetes. There is evidence for increased Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) production during cerebral edema in diabetics. This can lead to oxidative stress, thought to contribute to the onset and progression of diabetes and can cause cell injury and cell death. ROS, in moderate amounts, are involved in physiological processes within the body that produce favorable cellular responses. Unfortunately, high levels of ROS can lead to cellular damage of lipids, membranes, proteins and DNA. Hyperglycemia can cause an increase in ROS production due to activation of NADPH oxidases. The purpose of this study …

Connectivity Of Monosynaptic Ia Afferents On Renshaw Cells In Neonatal Mice, Todd Joseph Rapetti

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Proprioception allows sensory information about muscle position and length to enter the CNS without the aid of visual cues. One type of fiber that carries this information is the Ia afferent, which innervates muscle spindles that respond to mechanical perturbation in muscle. Ia fibers are known to synapse with Ia interneurons (INs) and motor neurons (MNs), setting up important circuits which affect movement. Another type of IN is the Renshaw cell (RC), which is located in the ventral part of lamina VII of the spinal cord and is critical for the functionality of the recurrent inhibitory circuit. In addition to …

“Looks Can Be Deceiving”: Adrenal Teratoma Causing Diagnostic Difficulty, Mehwash Nadeem, Muhammad Hammad Ather, M Nasir Sulaiman, Shahid Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Teratomas are unusual tumours that derived from totipotent cells with their origin from more than one or usually all three germ cells. Here authors are presenting a case of primary retroperitoneal tumour that is a rare clinical entity. A 19-year-old male presented with right lumbar pain and was found to have complex cyst with large calcification in right adrenal gland on imaging. Intraoperatively, he was found to have a solid mass with areas of soft consistency, which was excised en bloc. On gross examination, the cyst contained pieces of bone, few teeth, and hairs entangled in mucinous material. On histological …

Computational Modeling To Assess Surgical Procedures For The Treatment Of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity, Brian A. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Several surgically corrective procedures are considered to treat Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) patients, relieve pain, and restore function. Procedure selection is based on best practices and surgeon preference. Recent research created patient specific models of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) to explore their predictive capabilities and examine effectiveness of the surgical procedure used to treat the deformity. The models’ behavior was governed solely by patient bodyweight, soft tissue constraints, and joint contact without the assumption of idealized joints. The current work expanded those models to determine if an alternate procedure would be more effective for the individual. These procedures …