Anatomy Commons^™

Visceral Space: Dissection And Michelangelo's Architecture, Chloe Costello

Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis focuses on the architectural work of Renaissance master Michelangelo Buonarroti, who, perhaps, is better known for his painting and sculpture than for his architecture. Nevertheless, his buildings are revered by architectural historians, such as James Ackerman, for their mimicry of bodily motion and emotion. Under the influence of Renaissance humanism, it was not uncommon for architects to validate their designs by reference to the human body, for example, basing the dimensions of a basilica on ideal bodily proportions. But, Michelangelo's approach in his earliest architectural designs, such as the Medici Chapel (1521-1524) and the Laurentian Library (1523-1525) in …

Human: A Cat Dissection Tutorial, Sean P. Pierel

Senior Honors Projects

HuMan: A Cat Dissection Tutorial

Human anatomy is a topic that many important scientific studies depend on, such as the study of medicine or the research of cultural gender identities and their respective anatomical characteristics. It is logical to expect those who want to work with and study the human body to have a greater understanding of what makes us what we are. Unfortunately this topic is typically considered difficult to learn as there is a very large amount of material to memorize and even more material to comprehend in order to truly achieve an understanding of the human body. …

The Development Of Skeletal Muscle In Young Horses: An Ultrasonography And Satellite Cell Approach, Emma K. Lavigne

Honors Scholar Theses

Muscle growth in young horses is characterized by an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, which can be accomplished through the activation and differentiation of satellite cells. Satellite cells can be stimulated or inhibited in response to different cytokines and growth factors and are key mediators of muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in horses under 5 years of age and to obtain preliminary data on satellite cell behavior in foals. The area, width, height, and subcutaneous fat were measured using ultrasonography at 6-month increments over the …

A Comparison Of The Upper Limb Lift Test Between Women With Breast Cancer And Healthy Control Subjects, Mary Insana Fisher, Lucinda Pfalzer, Ellen W. Levy, Shana Harrington, Lynn H. Gerber, Nicole L. Stout

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Presentation at the World Confederation for Physical Therapy Congress, held May 1-4, 2015, in Singapore.

Background: Objective measures of upper limb (UL) function specific to breast cancer survivors (BC) are limited. Motion, strength, and muscular endurance are measurable components of UL function. A clinical test that quantifies these components is needed.

Purpose: This study compares the Upper Limb Lift Test (ULLT) between women with BC and healthy control subjects (HC) at baseline, 1-3 months, and 12+ months post-operatively enrolled in a prospective surveillance trial with early intervention. A secondary purpose was to validate the ULLT by comparing findings to self-reported …

Pathological Effects Of Repeated Concussive Tbi In Mouse Models: Periventricular Damage And Ventriculomegaly, Richard H. Wolferz Jr.

Honors Scholar Theses

Repeated concussive traumatic brain injury (rcTBI) is the most prominent form of head injury affecting the brain, with an estimated 1.7 million Americans affected each year (Kuhn 2012). Neurologists have been concerned about the danger of repeated head impacts since the 1920’s, but researchers have only begun to understand the long-term effects of rcTBI (McKee 2009). Although symptoms can be as mild as dizziness, current research suggests that multiple concussions can lead to a progressive degenerative brain disease known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) (Luo 2008, McKee 2009, Kane 2013). Research on the brain is just beginning to scratch the …

Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing 5’-Inositol Phosphatase-2 (Ship2) Is An Effector Of Lymphatic Dysfunction, Germaine D. Agollah

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The lymphatic system is essential for the transport of excess fluid, protein, and foreign materials from interstitial tissues to lymph nodes; for immune surveillance, and to maintain fluid homeostasis. Dysregulated lymphatics can be attributed to pathological conditions including tumor metastasis, inflammation, chronic wounds, obesity, blood vascular disorders, and lymphedema. Of these, lymphedema is the most extreme of lymphatic disorders and is represented by a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild, subtle presentation to severe, disfiguring, overt presentation. Lymphedema is more manageable in the early stages of disease but severely reduces quality of life with progression. Due to lack of molecular …

Role Of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase In The Healing Process Of The Heart Following Myocardial Infarction, Laura L. Daniel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT), caused by mutations in the gene encoding ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. AT individuals exhibit neuronal degeneration and are predisposed to cancer. Carriers of this disorder are predisposed to cancer and ischemic heart disease. Heart disease, mostly due to myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death in the US. Following MI, release of catecholamines in the heart stimulates β- adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Our lab has shown that β-AR stimulation increases ATM expression in the heart and myocytes, and ATM plays an important role in β-AR-stimulated myocardial remodeling with effects …

Establishment Of A 3d Culture Model Of Gastric Stem Cells Supporting Their Differentiation Into Mucous Cells Using Microfibrous Polycaprolactone Scaffold, Sunitha Pulikkot

Dissertations

In the stomach, epithelial stem cells are responsible for glandular homeostasis and continuous production of four main cell lineages secreting mucus, acid, pepsinogen and hormones. While alteration in the proliferation and differentiation program of these stem cells is linked to the origin of gastric cancer, they represent an effective target for chemotherapy and a source for cell therapy or tissue engineering in cases of gastric mucosal damage or loss. The aims of this study were 1) to manufacture various forms of scaffolds using a biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone), 2) to test the suitability of these scaffolds for growth of mouse gastric …

Oseltamivir-Warfarin Interaction In Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Case Report And Review., Jonathan B. Wagner, Susan M. Abdel-Rahman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

An 8-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a previous history of thrombosis within the inferior vena cava receiving stable warfarin dosing for anticoagulation was diagnosed with influenza B. He was subsequently placed on oseltamivir therapy according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines. During the hospitalization, his international normalized ratio steadily increased to supratherapeutic levels and returned to baseline after discontinuation of oseltamivir therapy. This case represents a drug-drug interaction that has not been previously reported in children or adolescents. An extensive review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic literature did not uncover a definitive …

Phenotypic Analysis Of Long Bones In Pannexin 3 Knockout Mice, Deidre Caskenette

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Pannexin 3 (Panx3) is a channel forming glycoprotein that is highly expressed in skeletal tissues. Panx3 is induced at the growth plate of long bones where it regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, a key role in bone formation.

This study analyzes the phenotype of long bones in a novel Panx3 knockout (KO) mouse to assess the role of Panx3 in bone formation.

Ten KO and 10 wild-type (WT) adult mice were scanned using in vivo micro-CT. Right femora / humeri were digitized using homologous landmarks. Geometric morphometric analysis (multivariate statistical methods) allowed for quantitative comparison of shape, size and variation …

3d Visualization Of The Glomerulus Within Kidney Tissue Made Transparent Through Passive Optical Clearing, Tristan Conciatori

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of User Performance In Simulation-Based Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography Training, Oleksiy Zaika

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Simulation of anatomically complex procedures, such as angiography, is becoming more practical, however, computer-based modules require extensive research to assess their effectiveness. We organized two training schemas – alternating cases and consistent cases – and hypothesized that the alternating practice cases would be beneficial to test performance. Eight residents (4 radiology/4 neurosurgery) and 8 anatomy graduate students were trained on the Simbionix™ simulator in order to assess skill acquisition in diagnostic cerebral angiography over 8 sessions. We found that participants improve on total procedure time and total fluoroscopy time (p<0.05), but not on contrast injected or roadmaps created. There were no significant differences between alternating and consistent training types. Additional work needs to be done with higher sample numbers and visuospatial scores as criteria.

Establishing Anatomical Proximity Between The Coronary Circumflex Artery And Mitral Valve Annulus: Implications For Mitral Valve Surgery, Eliot Winkler

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The circumflex artery (CX) lies in the left atrioventricular groove, running intimately parallel to the mitral annulus. Thus, unintentional damage to the CX can occur during mitral valve surgery, typically reported in hearts with a left dominant circulation. This study aims to elucidate the anatomical CX-annulus relationship with respect to dominance, and evaluate unintentional CX damage following three surgical repairs. Using cadaveric hearts (n=27), coronary circulation was dissected and dominance assigned. Following a left atriotomy, a clock face was overlaid on the mitral valve (12:00 positioned at A2 leaflet midline) and the CX-annulus distance was measured at each hour. The …

Mapping Cortical Plasticity Induced By Noise Exposure Using C-Fos Immunoreactivity, Paul Sirek

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Using in vivo electrophysiological recordings in rats, our lab has recently observed that high-intensity noise exposure causes an increase in the number of neurons in the auditory and multisensory cortices that are responsive to visual stimuli (i.e., cortical crossmodal plasticity). To extend this work, the present study evaluated our hypothesis that this noise-induced crossmodal plasticity can also be assessed by mapping the expression of the activity marker, c-Fos, across multiple cortical areas in response to visual stimuli. Adult male rats were exposed to a 120dB noise (0.8-20kHz) for two hours, and the level of hearing loss was assessed with an …

Comparative Assessment Of Hard Palate Thickness Using Micro - Ct And Gross Cadaveric Measurements: Implications For The Safe Placement Of Orthodontic Miniscrews, Jillian Phillips

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The hard palate is a preferred area for orthodontic miniscrew (OMS) insertion due to easy surgical access and favorable anatomical configuration. However, accurate measurement of palatal bone thickness (BT) is crucial for choosing appropriate OMS lengths and insertion sites. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for assessing palatal BT, such that we can determine if it is an objective standard for use in research, to which clinical measurements of BT can be compared. Ten cadaveric maxillae (54 -98 yrs.) were cleaned of soft tissue and imaged using micro-CT imaging. Bone thickness was …

A Histological Examination Of The Lumbar Sympathetic Trunk, Noah Mintz

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Current anatomical and histological descriptions of the lumbar sympathetic trunk suggest that its neuronal cell bodies are located in discrete ganglia linked to each other by nerve fibres. Despite well-documented variations in the morphology of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (e.g., number and placement of ganglia), a detailed histological examination of the arrangement of neuronal cell bodies within the trunk is lacking. Thus, the present study aims to examine the microscopic organization of the lumbar sympathetic trunk using standard histological techniques (n=1). A 95mm length of the sympathetic trunk (from L3-L5) was serially-sectioned (5μm thick) in the longitudinal plane and stained …

The Left Atrial Appendage (Laa): Proximity Of The Circumflex Artery And Evaluation Of A Novel Method Of Closure, Bayan Malakouti-Nejad

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an area of interest because of its thrombogenic potential in patients with atrial fibrillation. The current standard for LAA removal is epicardial excision, which may leave residual volume thereby undermining its effectiveness. Also, LAA surgery may injure the nearby circumflex artery. This investigation aims to measure the proximity of the circumflex artery to the LAA at various points, and evaluate pericardial patch exclusion as a novel method of LAA closure in a cadaveric model. After performing both procedures in all (n=27) hearts, epicardial excision left 24% of the original volume while pericardial patch exclusion …

Development Of An Online Tool For Periodontal Disease Education, Sari Johnston

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Worldwide research has indicated that 50-90% of the population suffers from gingivitis, a mild form of periodontal disease (Armitage, 2000). Recently it has become hypothesized that not only is gum disease, or periodontal disease, detrimental to one’s oral health but may also have systemic consequences (Watt & Petersen, 2012). According to Bedgley (1994), when patients see, hear and participate in patient learning the retention of knowledge increases up to 80%. Computer based learning is now commonplace and has the potential to reach the masses. Thus, computer-based patient education could be highly effective in decreasing periodontal disease rates. Therefore, creation of …

Leg Bone Geometry In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Helen Honig

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The objective was to investigage the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on tibial cortical and medullary cross-sectional areas (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging. Sequential 1mm-thick slice images were acquired of the right leg from the tibial plateau to the talus in 8 individuals with T2DM and 9 age- and sex-matched (32 to 79 y) controls. The CSA (cm 2) was measured at 3 sites, 20%, 50%, and 80% of tibial length, by a blinded analyzer. At the 20% site, medullary CSA in T2DM was significanltly greater than controls (mean ± SD: 5.9 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.7). …

The Effect Of Noise Exposure On Inhibitory Neurotransmission In The Auditory, Visual And Multisensory Cortices In Rats, Sarah Fitzpatrick

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

It is well established that high-intensity noise exposure can induce structural and physiological changes in the primary auditory cortex, such as impaired GABA neurotransmission, which leads to a reduced level of GABA-synthesizing enzymes (i.e., GAD65/67). At present, however, it remains unknown how partial hearing loss affects GABA neurotransmission in areas of the cortex that process sound as well as other sensory modalities (e.g., visual stimuli). In the present study, we are using a rat model to investigate our working hypothesis that noise-induced hearing loss causes a differential effect on GAD67 levels in the various cortical areas capable of sound processing, …