Anatomy Commons^™

Improving Type And Screen Specimen Collection Prior To Elective Surgery, Nordx Blood Bank Staff, Haley Pelletier, Suneela Nayak, Stephen Tyzik, Ruth Hanselman

MaineHealth Maine Medical Center

To avoid delays in the availability of compatible blood for elective surgery patients requiring transfusion, a type and screen specimen should be completed at least 24 hours prior to surgery. Baseline metrics in an acute care inpatient blood bank demonstrated a significant number of cases with no type or screen completed.

The objective of this KPI was to prevent any delays in providing compatible blood products to scheduled surgical patients. Several internal and external system issues were identified as a result of a root cause analysis and a number of actions were initiated.

Outcomes have been positive. Data collection post …

Understanding The Chondrogenic Potential Of Articular Chondrocytes, Krishna Sarma

Theses & Dissertations

Articular cartilage is a smooth, visco-elastic, aneural, avascular tissue made of water, an exquisitely organized framework of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and collagen fibrils and articular chondrocytes. It’s beautiful organization and composition provide it with the flexibility and strength to cover, protect and lubricate the ends of long bones in a diarthrodial joint. Cartilage homeostasis relies on articular chondrocytes to translate the mechanical forces of daily activity into efficient remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Age, joint injury, or other insulting factors can progressively incapacitate articular chondrocytes, resulting in cartilage lesions that devolve to degenerative joint disease. Therefore, the central idea explored in …

Maternal Intuition Of Fetal Gender, Michael Mcfadzen, David P. Dielentheis, Ronda Kasten, Maharaj Singh, Joe Grundle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Fetal gender speculation is a preoccupation of many expecting parents, and pregnant women commonly profess to intuitively know the gender of their unborn babies. This study objectively compared pregnant mothers’ perceptions of fetal gender to sonographically proven gender determinations. Also, success rates from previously published studies, noninvasive prenatal testing and a myriad of gender determination methods were observed and reported for context.

Methods: All pregnant women presenting for second-trimester screening ultrasound (at 17–23 weeks gestation) in the obstetrics department of a single health center were asked to participate. A medical sonographer described the ultrasound examination, obtained appropriate consent and …

Influence Of Differential Calcification In The Descending Thoracic Aorta On Aortic Pulse Pressure, Mirza Mujadil Ahmad, Syed Haris Ahmed Pir, Mustafa Noor Muhammad, Sharmeen Hussaini, Immad Arif Kiani, Mirza Nubair Ahmad, Imaad Razzaque, Muhammad Nabeel Syed, Rafath Ullah, Suhail Allaqaband, Anjan Gupta, Steven C. Port, Khawaja Afzal Ammar

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Multiple studies have shown pulse pressure (PP) to be a strong predictor of aortic calcification. However, no studies are available that correlate PP with aortic calcification at the segmental level.

Methods: We identified 37 patients with aortic PP measured during cardiac catheterization. Their noncontrast chest computed tomography scans were evaluated for the presence of calcium in different segments (ascending aorta, arch of aorta [arch], descending aorta) and quantified. Patients with calcification (Calcified Group A) were compared against patients without calcification (Noncalcified Group B) in terms of PP, calcification and compliance.

Results: The mean of the total calcium score was …

Body Size Predicts Cardiac And Vascular Resistance Effects On Men's And Women's Blood Pressure, Joyce M. Evans, Siqi Wang, Christopher Greb, Vladimir Kostas, Charles F. Knapp, Qingguang Zhang, Eric S. Roemmele, Michael B. Stenger, David C. Randall

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Key Points Summary

• We report how blood pressure, cardiac output and vascular resistance are related to height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI) in healthy young adults at supine rest and standing.
• Much inter-subject variability in young adult's blood pressure, currently attributed to health status, may actually result from inter-individual body size differences.
• Each cardiovascular variable is linearly related to height, weight and/or BSA (more than to BMI).
• When supine, cardiac output is positively related, while vascular resistance is negatively related, to body size. Upon standing, the change in vascular resistance is positively related to size. …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Brandon Kinnamon

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Common anesthetic agents can trigger a pathological response in patients resulting in intracellular calcium release and hyper-metabolism. This condition is known as Malignant Hyperthermia (MH). It is vital for anesthesia professionals and critical care nurses to recognize MH and act quickly to limit rapid shifts of electrolytes which can ultimately lead to death. As soon as cardinal signs of malignant hyperthermia are identified, the medication dantrolene should be administered along with intensive nursing care. Significant signs and symptoms, the pathophysiology of MH, and implications for nursing care are all examined in greater detail.

Increased Expression Of The Tight Junction Protein Tjp1/Zo-1 Is Associated With Upregulation Of Taz-Tead Activity And An Adult Tissue Stem Cell Signature In Carfilzomib-Resistant Multiple Myeloma Cells And High-Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients, Irene Riz, Robert G. Hawley

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) has recently been proposed as a biomarker to identify multiple myeloma (MM) patients most likely to respond to bortezomiband carfilzomib-based proteasome inhibitor regimens. Herein we report increased expression of TJP1 during the adaptive response mediating carfilzomib resistance in the LP-1/Cfz MM cell line. Moreover, increased TJP1 expression delineated a subset of relapsed/refractory MM patients on bortezomib-based therapy sharing an LP-1/Cfzlike phenotype characterized by activation of interacting transcriptional effectors of the Hippo signaling cascade (TAZ and TEAD1) and an adult tissue stem cell signature. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TJP1 or TAZ/TEAD1 partially sensitized LP-1/Cfz cells to carfilzomib. …

Lessons To Be Learned: How A Comprehensive Neurobiological Framework Of Atypical Reading Development Can Inform Educational Practice, Ola Ozernov-Palchik, Xi Yu, Yingying Wang, Nadine Gaab

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Dyslexia is a heritable reading disorder with an estimated prevalence of 5–17%. A multiple deficit model has been proposed that illustrates dyslexia as an outcome of multiple risks and protective factors interacting at the genetic, neural, cognitive, and environmental levels. Here we review the evidence on each of these levels and discuss possible underlying mechanisms and their reciprocal interactions along a developmental timeline. Current and potential implications of neuroscientific findings for contemporary challenges in the field of dyslexia, as well as for reading development and education in general, are then discussed.

Biomechanical Testing Of An Exercise For Strengthening The Proximal Femur., Alyssa Osbourne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Based on the principles of cutting edge bone remodeling research, a unique therapeutic exercise device was designed specifically to improve bone quality at the most critical location of the proximal femur prone to fracture: the superior-lateral femoral neck where the fracture first initiates during a fall. The exercise/device is intended to work by inducing enough strain in the bone to stimulate the body’s natural bone remodeling mechanisms to increase bone density in the proximal femur and consequently prevent a fracture from arising if a fall to the side does occur.

In order to test the proposed exercise, experiments simulating the …

Utilizing Modular Labs In Human Anatomy And Physiology: Lessons Learned From A First Time Experience, Jennifer Zitzner

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Anatomy and physiology laboratory experiences build upon concepts that are presented in the lecture part of the course. Our anatomy and physiology laboratory class meets weekly for approximately three hours and includes a compilation of activities that are to be completed during the laboratory period. While exercises are built off of topics presented in lecture and predominantly hands-on in nature, many students were not taking advantage of the self-directed learning experiences, especially those employing anatomical models. Some students were content to simply take photographs of models with their cell phones and complete only the graded portions of the laboratory assignment …

Bilabial Substitution Patterns During Consonant Production In A Case Of Congenital Aglossia, Betty Mcmicken, Frederico Salles, Shelley Von Berg, Margaret Vento-Wilson, Kelly Rogers, Asterios Toutios, Shrikanth S. Narayanan

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: Congenital aglossia is a rare syndrome in which an individual is born without a tongue. The present paper examines articulatory details of the production of multiple consonants by an aglossic speaker.

Method: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging data of the upper airway were collected from the aglossic speaker. Air-tissue boundaries were determined from the video sequences using a segmentation algorithm, and dynamics of vocal-tract constrictions and cross-dimensions were calculated.

Results: The aglossic speaker produced the consonants /t, d, th, l ,r, f ,v, s, sh/ with a bilabial closure instead of a normal lingua-alveolar closure; however, in …

Neurometabolic And Electrophysiological Changes During Cortical Spreading Depolarization: Multimodal Approach Based On A Lactate-Glucose Dual Microbiosensor Arrays, Cátia F. Lourenço, Ana Ledo, Greg A. Gerhardt, João Laranjinha, Rui M. Barbosa

Center for Microelectrode Technology Faculty Publications

Spreading depolarization (SD) is a slow propagating wave of strong depolarization of neural cells, implicated in several neuropathological conditions. The breakdown of brain homeostasis promotes significant hemodynamic and metabolic alterations, which impacts on neuronal function. In this work we aimed to develop an innovative multimodal approach, encompassing metabolic, electric and hemodynamic measurements, tailored but not limited to study SD. This was based on a novel dual-biosensor based on microelectrode arrays designed to simultaneously monitor lactate and glucose fluctuations and ongoing neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. In vitroevaluation of dual lactate-glucose microbiosensor revealed an extended linear range, …

Local Anesthesia Toxicity, Nicole Mccleery

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Local anesthesia (LA) provides a way to relieve temporary pain in a small part of the body and has been used for over 100 years (Fencl, 2015). LA also prevents the passage of surgical stimuli into the central nervous system (CNS) making a surgical procedure less painful for the patient (Noble, 2015). According to Noble, “altering the passage of stimuli from smaller diameter neurons in a confined area with lower drug dosages is called LA, such as the injection of LA around a surgical incision” (Noble, 2015, p.325). LA can be used in a variety of settings, such as in …

Osteopontin Is Linked With Akt, Foxo1, And Myostatin In Skeletal Muscle Cells, Peter P. Nghiem, Joe N. Kornegay, Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon, Luca Bello, Ying Yin, Akanchha Kesari, Priya Mittal, Scott J. Schatzberg, Gina M. Many, Norman H. Lee, Eric P. Hoffman

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) polymorphisms are associated with muscle size and modify disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We hypothesized that OPN may share a molecular network with myostatin (MSTN).

Methods: Studies were conducted in the golden retriever (GRMD) and mdx mouse models of DMD. Follow-up in-vitro studies were employed in myogenic cells and the mdx mouse treated with recombinant mouse (rm) or human (Hu) OPN protein.

Results: OPN was increased and MSTN was decreased and levels correlated inversely in GRMD hypertrophied muscle. RM-OPN treatment led to induced AKT1 and FoxO1 phosphorylation, microRNA-486 modulation, and decreased MSTN. An AKT1 inhibitor …

Wine Flavor Perception In A Person With Isolated Congenital Aglossia, Naïve Wine Taster, And Sommelier, Kristin Mahood, Long Wang, Betty Mcmicken, Cheryl Rock

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: This study aimed to augment previous research that investigated flavor perception in isolated congenital aglossia by a whole food/beverage approach. Isolated congenital aglossia is the rare condition of absence of a tongue at birth without the presence of other symptoms. Previous studies confirmed taste perception in isolated congenital aglossia using single taste solutions including sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and umami.

Methods: The current randomized, double-blinded study age- and sex-matched a naïve wine taster and sommelier to the 46 year-old female with isolated congenital aglossia. A Nose and Palate Survey with 54 variables created based on the Court …

Antimicrobial Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin-Silica Composite Pastes With Tunable Setting Properties, Vuk Uskoković, Shreya Ghosh, Victoria M. Wu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Bone grafting is one of the commonest surgical procedures, yet all bone substitutes developed so far suffer from specific weaknesses and the search for a bone graft material with ideal physical and biological properties is still ongoing. Calcium phosphate pastes are the most frequently used synthetic bone grafts, yet they (a) often take an impractically long time to set, (b) release the drug content too fast, and (c) do not form pores large enough to accommodate host cells and foster osseointegration. To make up for these deficiencies, we introduced gelatin and silica to pastes composed of 5–15 nm sized hydroxyapatite …

Differential Requirement For Satellite Cells During Overload-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy In Growing Versus Mature Mice, Kevin A. Murach, Sarah H. White, Yuan Wen, Angel Ho, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Pax7+ satellite cells are required for skeletal muscle fiber growth during post-natal development in mice. Satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion also appears to persist into early adulthood. Given the important role of satellite cells during muscle development, we hypothesized that the necessity of satellite cells for adaptation to an imposed hypertrophic stimulus depends on maturational age.

Methods: Pax7^CreER-R26R^DTA mice were treated for 5 days with vehicle (satellite cell-replete, SC+) or tamoxifen (satellite cell-depleted, SC-) at 2 months (young) and 4 months (mature) of age. Following a 2-week washout, mice were subjected to sham surgery or 10 day …

Measuring The Energy Of Ventilation And Circulation During Human Walking Using Induced Hypoxia, Masahiro Horiuchi, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, Yoko Handa, Daijiro Abe, Herman Pontzer

Publications and Research

Energy expenditure (EE) during walking includes energy costs to move and support the body and for respiration and circulation. We measured EE during walking under three different oxygen concentrations. Eleven healthy, young, male lowlanders walked on a treadmill at seven gait speeds (0.67–1.83 m s−1) on a level gradient under normobaric normoxia (room air, 21% O2), moderate hypoxia (15% O2), and severe hypoxia (11% O2). By comparing the hypoxia-induced elevation in heart rate (HR [bpm]), ventilation (VE [L min−1]) with the change in energy expenditure (EE [W]) at each speed, we were able to determine circulatory and respiratory costs. In …

Absence Of Typical Haversian System From The Compact Bone Of Some Reptile And Bird Species, Yasser Ahmed, Mohamed Abdelsabourv Khalaf, Fatma Khalil

Histology Collection

Background and Objective: Mammalian compact bone is composed mostly of Haversian system. Although there are many studies describing the typical Haversian system in mammals, there are few studies conducted on bones from non-mammalian species. The objective of the current study was to investigate the existence of the typical Haversian system in compact bones from reptiles and birds.

Materials and Methods: Femora were collected from geckos, Nile monitors, sparrows, ducks and geese. Samples were then, fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Von Kossa and then examined using light microscopy.

Results: …

Milder Alzheimer's Disease Pathology In Heart Failure And Atrial Fibrillation, Luciano A. Sposato, Estefania Ruiz Vargas, Patricia M. Riccio, Jon B. Toledo, John Q. Trojanowski, Walter A. Kukull, Lauren E. Cipriano, Antonia Nucera, Shawn N. Whitehead, Vladimir Hachinski

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Introduction:Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether HF and AF are related to AD by enhancing AD neuropathological changes is unknown.

Methods:We applied network analyses and multiple logistic regression models to assess the association between HF and AF with severity of AD neuropathology in patients from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database with primary neuropathological diagnosis of AD.

Results:We included 1593 patients, of whom 129 had HF and 250 had AF. HF and AF patients were older and had milder AD pathology. In the network …