Anatomy Commons^™

Comparative Proteomic Analyses Of Human Adipose Extracellular Matrices Decellularized Using Alternative Procedures, Caasy Porch-Thomas, Jie Li, Fabiana Zanata, Elizabeth C. Martin, Nicholas Pashos, Kaylynn Genemaras, Nicholas J. Poche, Nicholas P. Totaro, Melyssa R. Bratton, Dina Gaupp, Trivia Frazier, Xiying Wu, Lydia Masako Ferreira, Weidong Tian, Guangdi Wang, Bruce A. Bunnell, Lauren Flynn, Daniel Hayes, Jeffrey M. Gimble

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Decellularized human adipose tissue has potential clinical utility as a processed biological scaffold for soft tissue cosmesis, grafting, and reconstruction. Adipose tissue decellularization has been accomplished using enzymatic-, detergent-, and/or solvent-based methods. To examine the hypothesis that distinct decellularization processes may yield scaffolds with differing compositions, the current study employed mass spectrometry to compare the proteomes of human adipose-derived matrices generated through three independent methods combining enzymatic-, detergent-, and/or solvent-based steps. In addition to protein content, bioscaffolds were evaluated for deoxyribose nucleic acid depletion, extracellular matrix composition, and physical structure using optical density, histochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Mass …

Comparative Analysis Of Body Composition And Reference Values Of Visceral Adipose Tissues In Various American Collegiate Sports, Eshan M. Dandekar

Master's Theses

Background: Currently, body composition (BC) assessment is usually performed to diagnose disease states and accurately estimate certain types of tissues. In athletes, performing BC assessments helps gauge training and nutrition programs to see if they are adequately meeting the athlete’s needs to improve performance. Annual Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans before the start of an athlete’s season can help identify an athlete’s preparedness or health before training begins.

Objective: To assess the preseason BC of four collegiate sports: Men’s basketball, men’s baseball, women’s volleyball, and women’s soccer, for Fat Mass (FM), bone mineral density BMD), Fat-Free Mass …

Case Report: A Hard Cyst To Swallow, Anjalee Choudhury, Joshua Wood, Kristan Diaz-Rios, Jyothi Swarup

School of Medicine Publications

One day old neonate was born at 37 weeks gestation to a 41-year-old Gravida 5 Para 5 born via uncomplicated caesarean section. A physical exam of the newborn had unremarkable findings except for minor skin tags on the neck and a cleft palate.

App21 Transgenic Rats Develop Age-Dependent Cognitive Impairment And Microglia Accumulation Within White Matter Tracts, Nina Weishaupt, Qingfan Liu, Sheojung Shin, Ramandeep Singh, Yuksel Agca, Cansu Agca, Vladimir Hachinski, Shawn Narain Whitehead

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Most of the animal models commonly used for preclinical research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) largely fail to address the pathophysiology, including the impact of known risk factors, of the widely diagnosed sporadic form of the disease. Here, we use a transgenic rat (APP21) that does not develop AD-like pathology spontaneously with age, but does develop pathology following vascular stress. To further the potential of this novel rat model as a much-needed pre-clinical animal model of sporadic AD, we characterize APP21 transgenic rats behaviorally and histologically up to 19 months of age. Methods: The open field test was used as …

An Eqtl Landscape Of Kidney Tissue In Human Nephrotic Syndrome., Christopher E. Gillies, Rosemary Putler, Rajasree Menon, Edgar Otto, Kalyn Yasutake, Viji Nair, Paul Hoover, David Lieb, Shuqiang Li, Sean Eddy, Damian Fermin, Michelle T. Mcnulty, Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (Neptune), Nir Hacohen, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Matthias Kretzler, Xiaoquan Wen, Matthew G. Sampson, Tarak Srivastava

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies illuminate the genetics of gene expression and, in disease research, can be particularly illuminating when using the tissues directly impacted by the condition. In nephrology, there is a paucity of eQTL studies of human kidney. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and microdissected glomerular (GLOM) and tubulointerstitial (TI) transcriptomes from 187 individuals with nephrotic syndrome (NS) to describe the eQTL landscape in these functionally distinct kidney structures. Using MatrixEQTL, we performed cis-eQTL analysis on GLOM (n = 136) and TI (n = 166). We used the Bayesian "Deterministic Approximation of Posteriors" (DAP) to fine-map …

Targeting The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore In Traumatic Central Nervous System Injury, Joe E. Springer, Pareshkumar Prajapati, Patrick G. Sullivan

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

The mitochondrion serves many functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and other organs beyond the well-recognized role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This includes calcium-dependent cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, synthesis and release of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and the release of cytochrome c and other apoptotic cell death factors. Traumatic injury to the CNS results in a rapid and, in some cases, sustained loss of mitochondrial function. One consequence of compromised mitochondrial function is induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) state due to formation of the cyclosporine A sensitive permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this mini-review, …

Unfolded Protein Response Pathways In Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis., Kyle R. Bohnert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle mass, contractile properties, and metabolic function are regulated through the coordinated activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways and genetic reprogramming. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in protein folding and calcium homeostasis in many cell types, including skeletal muscle. Disruption of calcium levels or accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen leads to stress, which results in the activation of a signaling network called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Further, recent studies have suggested that in certain conditions, UPR pathways can be activated independent of ER stress. However, the role of ER stress and the …

Histone Deacetylase 8 Protects Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells From Hypoxia-Mimetic Cobalt- And Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Mitochondrial Fission And Cytotoxicity, Soon-Duck Ha, Ori Solomon, Masoud Akbari, Alp Sener, Sung Ouk Kim

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Cell death by hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R) is responsible for tissue injury in multiple pathological conditions. Recent studies found that epigenetic reprogramming mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is implicated in H/R-induced cell death. However, among 18 different isoforms comprising 4 classes (I-IV), the role of each HDAC in cell death is largely unknown. This study examined the role of HDAC8, which is the most distinct isoform of class I, in the hypoxia mimetic cobalt- and H/R-induced cytotoxicity of human proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Using the HDAC8-specific activator TM-2-51 (TM) and inhibitor PCI34051, we found that HDAC8 played a protective …

Modeling And Mapping Addiction In The Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Bradley Serpa

Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses

Driven by the communication of dopamine, the vertebrate reward system has been evolutionarily conserved to maintain survival and optimize fitness. The neural circuits governing this system integrate sensory stimuli to produce appropriate, self-preserving responses that underlie experience-based learning. In the most primitive vertebrates, dopamine release in neuronal circuits drives homeostatic behaviors, such as seeking nutrients, finding a mate, or avoiding danger. From agnathans to mammals, dopaminergic synthesis and signaling genes and molecules, along with neuronal pathways and reward system-based behaviors, remain highly conserved. Dopamine signaling proteins include two classes of metabotropic G-Protein Receptor Coupled Dopamine Receptors, D1-like (DRD1) and D2-like …

Identifying The 5’End Of The Camta1 Genes In Zebrafish, Morgan Fronk

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are a significant cause of infant death and are frequently caused by mutations in transcription factors. Camta1 (calmodulin binding transcription activator 1) is a transcription factor that has been proposed as a modulator in embryonic heart development and a possible cause of CHDs. The only other known member of its family in vertebrates is involved in activating a hypertrophy gene program in adult heart failure. Unlike camta2, camta1 is expressed in the embryonic heart during heart looping. However, few studies have been done on camta1. In zebrafish, there are two camta1 ohnologs (homologs created through …

Artificial Gravity As A Countermeasure To The Cardiovascular Deconditioning Of Spaceflight: Gender Perspectives, Joyce M. Evans, Charles F. Knapp, Nandu Goswami

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Space flight-induced physiological deconditioning resulting from decreased gravitational input, decreased plasma volume, and disruption of regulatory mechanisms is a significant problem in returning astronauts as well as in normal aging. Here we review effects of a promising countermeasure on cardiovascular systems of healthy men and women undergoing Earth-based models of space-flight. This countermeasure is produced by a centrifuge and called artificial gravity (AG). Numerous studies have determined that AG improves orthostatic tolerance (as assessed by various protocols) of healthy ambulatory men, of men deconditioned by bed rest or by immersion (both wet and dry) and, in one case, following spaceflight. …

Anatomy And Physiology I & Ii (Ghc), Carol Hoban, Merry Clark, Kimberly Subacz, Sharryse Henderson, Karin Bennedsen

Biological Sciences Grants Collections

This Grants Collection for Anatomy and Physiology I & II was created under a Round Nine ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.

Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.

Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:

• Linked Syllabus
• Initial Proposal
• Final Report

A Biomechanical Simulation Of Musculoskeletal Kinematics During Ambulation, Alex Thomas

Master's Theses (2009 -)

The purpose of this study was to validate a 3D musculoskeletal model in OpenSim and assess OpenSim’s ability to determine muscle-length variation during ambulation. An 18 camera motion capture system was used to analyze 20 healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 35. Following data collection, the data was processed through OpenSim and Visual3D. The kinematic output processed through the OpenSim model was then compared to the kinematic output of the validated Visual3D model to validate the OpenSim model. Muscle fiber length data obtained from the same experimental data was compared to control data to assess OpenSim’s muscle analysis …

Double-Blind Randomized Trials Once A Week Narrowband Ultraviolet B (Nb-Uvb) Phototherapy In Vitiligo, Retno Dwi Utami, Mira Trisna Murti, Muhammad Risman, Arie Kusumawardhani

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder, affecting approximately 1-2% population worldwide. Currently, there are wide varieties of treatment to achieve re-pigmentation, and phototherapy is one of the effective treatments. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) is administered twice a week according to the phototherapy protocol for vitiligo. Some vitiligo patients have difficulty following this schedule, leading to decrease of patient’s compliance. Therefore, we performed study comparing the efficacy of phototherapy frequency, once a week and twice a week NB-UVB in vitiligo.

Methods: This preliminary study divided 10 patients into 2 groups of 5 patients each with randomized, double-blind method. …

Non-Standard Patch Test, Astri Adelia, Windy Keumala Budianti, Melani Marissa, Evita Halim Effendi

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

In managing contact dermatitis, identification of the causative agent is essential to prevent recurrent complaints. Patch test is the gold standard to identify the causative agent. Nowadays, there are many patch test standard materials available in the market, but do not include all the materials that potentially cause contact dermatitis. Patch test using patient’s own products or later we refer to as non-standard materials, is very helpful in identifying the causative agents of contact dermatitis. Guidance is needed in producing non-standard patch test materials in order to avoid test results discrepancy.

Comparative Study Of Two Diagnostic Methods Of Demodicosis In Patients With Acne And Rosacea, Anzhela Kravchenko

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Demodicosis is a disease, caused by parasitisation of the opportunistic parasites from the acariasis group – Demodex mites. This article presents a comparative study of two methods (light microscopy of skin scrapings and confocal laser scanning in vivo microscopy) for identification of Demodex mites on the facial skin in acne and rosacea patients. The use of confocal laser scanning in vivo microscopy in dermatology today is considered as one of the most promising methods.

Methods: A total of 90 subjects were included in the study, comprising 30 patients with acne and rosacea complicated by demodicosis, 30 patients …

Darier-White Disease: A Rare Genetic Disorder, Cara Lynn Marie N. Chia, Ma. Teresita G. Gabriel, Leilani R. Senador, Ciara Mae Dela Cruz

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: The clinical manifestation of Darier-White disease, an autosomal dominant genodermatosis, are greasy hyperkeratotic papules in seborrheic regions with nail abnormalities and mucous membrane changes due to a defective sarcoendoplasmic calcium pump. The clinical appearance and unpleasant odor in some sites of the lesions may cause psychosocial disturbances and pose a major morbidity.

Case Illustration: We report a case of a 20-year old female with clinical manifestations of multiple erythematous to hyperpigmented hyperkeratotic papules, multiple flesh-colored keratotic papules with red and white longitudinal bands on dystrophic fingernails, as well as plantar pits. Skin punch biopsy was performed to …

The Comparison Of Skin Irritation Level Between Topical Cajeput Oil And Telon Oil: A Pilot Study, Sri Esa Ilona, Aris Cahyono, Endra Yustin Ellistasari, Muh. Eko Irawanto, Harijono Kariosentono

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Cajuputi/Cajeput/Melalueca leucadendron oil is a type of essential oil, widely known and used by Indonesian for infants, children, and elderly. It is also included in telon oil compositions (±42%). Excessive application of cajeput oil and telon oil may lead to skin irritation.

Methods: This randomized single-blind control trial was conducted with 10 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Four areas with diameter of 10 mm each were made on the flexor surface of the upper arm. Area 1 was designated as negative control. Area 2 to 4 were pre-irritated with tape stripping for 40 ± 10 times …

Severe Kerion Celsi Effectively Treated With Skin Debridement And Antifungals, Ismiralda Oke Putranti, Citra Primanita

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Kerion celsi is a severe inflamed deep abscesses form of tinea capitis which mostly occurs in children population. Despite good regular treatment with antifungals, the prognosis of kerion celsi is poor with scarring alopecia.

Case Illustration: A 5-year-old boy had history of an alopecia with locally large painful oedema on his scalp a month before treatment. From the physical examination, a painful large area with alopecia was found with abscess covered by thick crust. Pull test showed hair breakage and right retro-auricular lymphatic nodes enlargement was also found. Endo-ectothrix spores were positive in potassium-hydroxide examination and the …

Direct Cell-To-Cell Transmission Of Respiratory Viruses: The Fast Lanes, Nicolás P. Cifuentes-Muñoz, Rebecca Ellis Dutch, Roberto Cattaneo

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Virus particles protect genomes from hostile environments within and outside the host, eventually delivering these genomes to target tissues to initiate infection. Complex processes requiring significant energy and time are necessary to assemble these virus particles, but only a small portion of released virus will successfully infect new target cells (Fig 1A). While the science of virology has developed based on the isolation and purification of viral particles, it is becoming increasingly clear that direct cell-to-cell transmission of viruses and/or viral components is also highly relevant [1,2].

Direct cell-to-cell spread of infections has several advantages. The first is efficiency: genomic …