Botany Commons^™

Epigenomic Plasticity Of Arabidopsis Msh1 Mutants Under Prolonged Cold Stress, Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane Raju, Mon-Ray Shao, Yashitola Wamboldt, Sally A. Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Dynamic transcriptional and epigenetic changes enable rapid adaptive benefit to environmental fluctuations. However, the underlying mechanisms and the extent to which this occurs are not well known. MutS Homolog 1 (MSH1) mutants cause heritable developmental phenotypes accompanied by modulation of defense, phytohormone, stress‐response, and circadian rhythm genes, as well as heritable changes in DNA methylation patterns. Consistent with gene expression changes, msh1 mutants display enhanced tolerance for abiotic stress including drought and salt stress, while showing increased susceptibility to freezing temperatures. Despite changes in defense and biotic stress‐response genes, msh1 mutants showed increasing susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. …

Can Bangladesh Produce Enough Cereals To Meet Future Demand?, J. Timsina, J. Wolf, N. Guilpart, L G. J. Van Bussel, P. Grassini, J. Van Wart, A. Hossain, H. Rashid, S. Islam, M. K. Van Ittersum

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Bangladesh faces huge challenges in achieving food security due to its high population, diet changes, and limited room for expanding cropland and cropping intensity. The objective of this study is to assess the degree to which Bangladesh can be self-sufficient in terms of domestic maize, rice and wheat production by the years 2030 and 2050 by closing the existing gap (Yg) between yield potential (Yp) and actual farm yield (Ya), accounting for possible changes in cropland area. Yield potential and yield gaps were calculated for the three crops using well-validated crop models and site-specific weather,management and soil data, and upscaled …

Parallel Altitudinal Clines Reveal Trends In Adaptive Evolution Of Genome Size In Zea Mays, Paul Bilinski, Patrice S. Albert, Jeremy J. Berg, James A. Birchler, Mark N. Grote, Anne Lorant, Juvenal Quezada, Kelly Swarts, Jinliang Yang, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

While the vast majority of genome size variation in plants is due to differences in repetitive sequence, we know little about how selection acts on repeat content in natural populations. Here we investigate parallel changes in intraspecific genome size and repeat content of domesticated maize (Zea mays) landraces and their wild relative teosinte across altitudinal gradients in Mesoamerica and South America. We combine genotyping, low coverage whole-genome sequence data, and flow cytometry to test for evidence of selection on genome size and individual repeat abundance. We find that population structure alone cannot explain the observed variation, implying that …

Genomic Prediction Accuracy For Switchgrass Traits Related To Bioenergy Within Differentiated Populations, Jason D. Fiedler, Christina Lanzatella, Serge J. Edme, Nathan A. Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Rob Mitchell, Christian M. Tobias

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Switchgrass breeders need to improve the rates of genetic gain in many bioenergy-related traits in order to create improved cultivars that are higher yielding and have optimal biomass composition. One way to achieve this is through genomic selection. However, the heritability of traits needs to be determined as well as the accuracy of prediction in order to determine if efficient selection is possible.

Results: Using five distinct switchgrass populations comprised of three lowland, one upland and one hybrid accession, the accuracy of genomic predictions under different cross-validation strategies and prediction methods was investigated. Individual genotypes were collected using GBS …

Method For The Production Of High Saturated, Low Polyunsaturated Soybean Oil, Thomas E. Clemente, Hyunwoo Park, Edgar B. Cahoon, Hanh Nguyen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Methods of genetically modifying soybean plants to alter the fatty acid properties of the oil are described.

Evolution Of Floral Morphology And Symmetry In The Miconieae (Melastomataceae), Maria Gavrutenko

Dissertations and Theses

Analyses of evolution of floral morphology and symmetry broaden our understanding of the drivers of angiosperm diversification. Integrated within a flower, labile floral characters produce different phenotypes that promote variable interactions with pollinators. Thus, investigation of floral evolution may help infer potential historic transitions in pollinator modes and ecological pressures that generated present diversity. This study aims to explore morphological evolution of flowers in Miconieae, a species-rich Neotropical tribe within family Melastomataceae. Despite a constrained floral plan, Melastomataceae manage to achieve a variety of floral traits appealing to diverse pollinator types, with majority of the species requiring specialized “buzz pollination” …

Floral Symmetry Genes Elucidate The Development And Evolution Of Oil-Bee Pollinated Flowers Of Malpighiaceae And Krameriaceae, Farahnoz N. Khojayori

Theses and Dissertations

Specialization on insect and animal pollinators is thought to be the driving force for the evolution of floral traits. Specifically in the New World (NW), the oil-bee pollination syndrome has led to the convergence of floral characters in two distantly related families of core eudicots, Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae. Both families display a flag-like structure that establishes a zygomorphic flower and floral oil rewards in epithelial elaiophores. These traits work concomitantly to attract and reward female oil-bees that help fertilize these flowers and in return receive oils. The underlying genetics of floral zygomorphy were studied in several clades of core eudicots, …

Heuchera Alba Twitter Identification, Christopher T. Martine

Other Faculty Research and Publications

The casual posting of a misidentified photograph led to a tweet exchange among Chris Martine, Bucknell University; Ryan Folk, Florida Museum of Natural History; and Scott Schuette, Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program in June 2017. The scientists used their private accounts to conduct a discussion about the specific species identified. This exchange opened the possibility of a previously unknown range of a rare species, which Martine explored further and documented in the scientific publication PhytoKeys.

Tweet id: 873120823464218624

user ID: @MartineBotany

Related records included in this repository are "The hidden Heuchera: How science Twitter uncovered a globally imperiled species in Pennsylvania, …

Cc-Type Glutaredoxins Mediate Plant Response And Signaling Under Nitrate Starvation In Arabidopsis, Ji-Yul Jung, Ji Hoon Ahn, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plants. Despite the importance of nitrogen for plant growth and agricultural productivity, signal transduction pathways in response to nitrate starvation have not been fully elucidated in plants.

Results: Gene expression analysis and ectopic expression were used to discover that many CC-type glutaredoxins (ROXYs) are differentially expressed in response to nitrate deprivation. A gain-of-function approach showed that ROXYs may play a role in nutrient sensing through the regulation of chlorophyll content, root hair growth, and transcription of nitrate-related genes such as NRT2.1 under low or high nitrate conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Risks And Opportunities Of Gm Crops: Bt Maize Example, Andrea K. Carzoli, Siddique I. Aboobucker, Leah L. Sandall, Thomas T. Lubberstedt, Walter P. Suza

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The anticipated world population growth emphasizes a need to produce more food on less land. Cutting-edge technologies, including genetic engineering, can help to develop improved crop varieties and protect natural resources. In spite of the potential for genetically-modified (GM) crops to make crop production more efficient, they remain a polarizing issue due to safety concerns. This paper provides an overview of the risk assessment process. The safety of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins is used as an example for how risk assessment is applied to GM crops. Risks associated with GM crops have proven to be low to non-existent. Developing countries …

A New Species And A New Natural Hybrid Of Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) From The West Of Turkey, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇, Türker Yazici, Taner Özcan, Sevcan Çelenk, Esra Marti̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Origanum ayliniae Dirmenci & Yazıcı, which differs significantly from O. dictamnus L., is described for the first time in this paper. In addition, a new hybrid, O. x adae Dirmenci & Yazıcı, between O. ayliniae and O. sipyleum L., is described and investigated in detail. The general morphology, pollen structure, chromosome features, and nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rpl32) genomes of collected specimens were studied. O. x adae was determined to have some intermediate properties morphologically and palynologically that place it between the parents. Pollen size and shape were important features in the diagnosis of the hybrid and its parents in …

The Distribution Of Centric Diatoms In Different Rivercatchments In The Anatolian Peninsula, Turkey, Cüneyd Nadi̇r Solak, Maxim Kulikovski, Tihammer Keve Kiss, Muhammet Aydin Kaleli̇, John Patrick Kociolek, Eva Ács

Turkish Journal of Botany

The diatoms are one of the most important groups of organisms for biomonitoring studies. In Turkey, most previous applications of diatoms to water quality monitoring have focused on the pennate diatoms, with almost no attention given to the centric forms. The paper presents the centric diatoms in some river catchments in Central Anatolia (Konya closed catchment and Kızılırmak) and Western Anatolia (Marmara, Sakarya, Susurluk, Akarçay, Küçük Menderes, and Meriç-Ergene in the Marmara and Aegean regions). The survey of these catchments is based on samples collected between 2009 and 2013 from 33 different locations, including some springs from Türkmen Mountain and …

Genetic Diversity And Phylogenetic Relationships Of A Potential Cotton Collection For European Breeding Research, Elena Peláez Andérica, Felipe Rey Montero, Manuel López García, Juan Gil Ligero

Turkish Journal of Botany

An understanding of the genetic diversity of any plant collection is essential for initiating future plant breeding strategies. Throughout the cotton regions in Europe (mainly Greece and Spain), there is an expanding need for new yielding varieties with shorter crop cycles and high quality fiber. Although cotton is decisive to many rural economies, it is surprising that there is a lack of public information available regarding genetic diversity of European cotton varieties. Thus, we began an examination of variability heritage by evaluating a subset of 48 commercial and experimental cotton varieties (36 Gossypium hirsutum, 10 G. barbadense, 1 G. arboreum, …

Achene Morphology Of The Genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae)From Turkey And Its Taxonomic Significance, Mehmet Ufuk Özbek, Funda Özbek, Meci̇t Vural

Turkish Journal of Botany

Twenty-two taxa of the genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae) from Turkey were examined with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to describe their achene macro- and micromorphologies and to evaluate the diagnostic value of these features. The achenes are obpyramidal, obconical, and oblong. Achene width ranges from 0.26 to 1.68 mm and achene length from 1.13 to 3.46 mm. They show variation in color: brown, dark brown, grayish-brown, reddish-brown, purplish-brown, black, and purplish. All investigated species have slime cells, but prismatic cells on epicarpic cells are found only in two species. Four types of ornamentations were recognized via …

Two Genera And Five Species Newly Recorded In China, Jidong Ya, Jie Cai, Qiaorong Zhang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two genera, Callipeltis Steven (Rubiaceae) and Acanthocephalus Kar. & Kir. (Asteraceae), together with five species, Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) DC., Acanthocephalus benthamianus Regel, Galium verticillatum Danthoine ex Lam. (Rubiaceae), Nonea turcomanica Popov (Boraginaceae), and Erysimum croceum Popov (Brassicaceae), are reported as new records to China.

Chrysanthemum Plants Regenerated From Ovaries: A Study On Genetic And Phenotypicvariation, Natalia Miler, Iwona Jedrzejczyk

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum /Ramat./Kitam.) is the second most popular ornamental plant in the global flower industry, and there is still a demand for novelty, which forces breeders to search for new sources of variation. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of phenotypic as well as genetic variation of chrysanthemum plants regenerated from ovaries in vitro. In the first vegetative season of plants evaluated in the glasshouse, nine phenotypic variants (16.36%) and 46 (83.6%) true-totype plants were observed. The variation included variegated, marble-like, and lighter-green leaves, and changes in the morphology of inflorescences and ligulate florets, as …

Phenotypic Plasticity And Specialization Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Trifolium Repens, Fati̇h Fazlioğlu, Justin S.H. Wan, Stephen P. Bonser

Turkish Journal of Botany

Phenotypic plasticity and specialization represent seemingly contrasting strategies to heterogeneous environments. Specialization is associated with the loss of phenotypic plasticity, particularly in functional traits. However, it is equivocal if this loss of plasticity is observed only in the specific habitat and stress type where the specialization occurs or a general loss of plasticity is seen across habitats. We examined populations of Trifolium repens L. following an expansion during the colonization of Australia from relatively good low altitude habitats to more stressful high altitude habitats in the Blue Mountains region, New South Wales, Australia. We examined if specialization to abiotic stress …

Systematics Value Of Micromorphological And Palynological Characters In Stenocephalum Sch.Bip. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae), Maria Betiana Angulo, Laura Chalup, Massimiliano Dematteis

Turkish Journal of Botany

Micromorphological and palynological characters of all Stenocephalum Sch.Bip. species (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) were analyzed to evaluate their reliability as taxonomic markers at generic level and discussed in relation to other genera of the subtribe Lepidaploinae. Characters such as pubescence of corollas and cypselae showed glandular and nonglandular trichomes allowing differentiation among related species. Apical appendages without glandular trichomes, caudate anthers, and carpopodium structure are common characteristics among Stenocephalum species. With the exceptions of S. megapotamicum and S. tragiaefolium, almost all species of the genus showed style bases without basal nodes for the first time. Crystals on the fruits wall were also …

Seed Structure And Its Taxonomic Implications For Genus Thlaspi Sensu Lato Sectionsnomisma, Thlaspi, And Pterotropis (Brassicaceae), Mehmet Cengi̇z Karai̇smai̇loğlu, Osman Erol

Turkish Journal of Botany

We studied morphological and anatomical characteristics of seeds of 22 taxa in the sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis of Thlaspi sensu lato from Turkey and the significance of these characters in a taxonomical context. The results show that the taxa differ from each other in terms of seed shape and color. The seed size ranges from 1.25 mm to 2.99 mm in length and from 0.66 mm to 2.16 mm in width, Thlaspi rosulare and T. tatianae having the largest and T. annuum having the smallest seeds. The seed surface ornamentation is classified into nine types: reticulate-areolate, scalariform, reticulate, reticulate-foveate, …

A New Species Of Barssia (Ascomycota, Helvellaceae) From Turkey, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species of the genus Barssia was identified from Turkey using both morphological and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU rDNA) gene sequences. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the fresh samples were photographed and a diagnostic key of the genus Barssia was built considering characteristics of known species.