Botany Commons^™

Volumetric Analysis Of Airborne Pollen Grains In The City Of Uşak, Turkey, Ulaş Uğuz, Aykut Güvensen, Nedret Şengonca Tort, Ayli̇n Eşi̇z Dereboylu, Peli̇n Baran

Turkish Journal of Botany

Airborne pollen in Uşak, a province in Turkey, was studied for two years (from 1 February 2014 to 31 January 2016) using the volumetric method and the most recent pollen data of the region were obtained. During the study, 23,915 pollen grains were detected. The pollens detected belonged to 53 taxa. Of the 53 taxa, 28 were woody and 25 were herbaceous. Of the pollen grains detected, 86% (20,565 pollen grains) were from woody plants, 4.74% (1133 pollen grains) belonged to Poaceae, and 8.65% (2071 pollen grains) were from other herbaceous plants, whereas 0.61% (146 pollen grains) were unidentified pollen …

Cloning And Functional Assessment Of The Protein Disulfide Isomerase (Pdi-V) Gene And Its Promoter Sequences From Haynaldia Villosa, Muhammad Faheem, Muhammad Arshad, Jin Xiao, Haiyan Wang, Yingbo Li, Xiue Wang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and PDI-like genes encode key foldase enzymes that play an important role in disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and many other metabolic functions in plants. Our previous results indicate that the PDI-V expression is tissue-specific and that it is upregulated by powdery mildew and other abiotic stress treatments. In the current study, the complete PDI-V gene and its promoter sequence were cloned to identify gene structure and the important cis-regulating motifs responsible for various genes' activities. Sequence analysis revealed the size of the cloned genomic sequence and promoter region as 5728 bp and 2086 bp, respectively. The …

On The Identity Of The Turkish Endemic Cyperus Noeanus (Cyperaceae), Attila Mesterházy, Filip Verloove

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cyperus noeanus Boiss. is known only from the type specimen that was collected in Central Anatolia by Wilhelm Noë. It is considered an endemic species in Turkey. A detailed morphological study of the type specimen and comparison with similar related species in section Compressi Kunth demonstrated that the morphological characters of C. noeanus entirely fall within the range of characters of C. glaber L., which is a widely scattered species in Turkey, and widespread in S Europe and SW Asia as well. Based on our comparative study, we suggest that C. noeanus should be treated as a synonym of C. …

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of Ipomoea Nil Metallothioneins, Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska, Zuzanna Znajewska, Anna Goc, Grazyna Dabrowska

Turkish Journal of Botany

Metallothioneins are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins able to bind a variety of heavy metal ions. They are involved in the maintenance of micronutrient homeostasis and detoxification of nonessential heavy metals. Plant metallothioneins are classified into four main types based on the number and arrangement of cysteine residues. Here we report on the isolation of novel complementary and genomic DNA from a model for a short-day plant, Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory), that encodes 66- or 76-amino acid residue proteins. In silico and phylogenetic analysis of putative amino acid sequences confirmed that these 66- and 76-amino acid residue proteins belong, respectively, to …

New Species And New Records Of Lichenized Ascomycota From Tropicaldeciduous Forests Of The Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India, Sumesh Dudani, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Komal Ingle, Siljo Joseph

Turkish Journal of Botany

Stirtonia ghattensis Sumesh N. Dudani, Nayaka, Komal K. Ingle & S. Joseph sp. nov. having UV+ white thallus, 4-6-spored asci, and 5(-7)-septate ascospores and lacking lichen substances is described as new to science. Pertusaria mesotropa Müll. Arg. is reported for the first time from India. Bacidia subannexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis caesiella Vain., G. handelii Zahlbr., Hemithecium scariosum Makhija & Adaw., and Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. are new records for Western Ghats. Arthothelium aphanocarpum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., which had a restricted distribution in the Andaman Islands, is collected from the mainland of India for the first time. An updated world key for …

Monitoring An Endangered And Rare Plant: Population Growth And Viability Oflotus Kunkelii (Esteve) Bramwell And Davis (Gran Canaria - Canary Islands), Agustin Naranjo Cigala, Marcos Salas, Francisco Javier Diaz, Aday Miguel Gonzalez-Garcia, Ana Ramos, Jose Ramon Arevalo Sierra

Turkish Journal of Botany

Species monitoring is a valuable tool that can be used to answer a wide range of questions directly related to species conservation, management, and population improvement. We monitored the only remaining population of Lotus kunkelii on a monthly basis over 3 years to reveal important characteristics of the population that could help protect it. In this study, the main hypothesis to be tested is whether the population of L. kunkelii is stable or not. The study site is located in Gran Canaria. Monthly censuses of the population recording size (height and diameter), mortality, regeneration, and presence of reproductive structures in …

Characteristic Of Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Gene And Its Response To The Salinity And Temperature Stress In Chlamydomonas Sp. Ice-L From Antarctica, Yueyue Peng, Yu Ding, Xiaochen Tang, Jichang Jian, Jinhui Wang, Quanfu Wang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L, an Antarctic ice alga, has high tolerance ability to freezing and salinity. Glutathione (GSH) is an important small antioxidative molecule in the growth and stress responses of plants including algae. We cloned a full-length cDNA encoding glutamate cysteine ligase (ICE-LGCL), the key enzyme of GSH synthesis, from Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique (RACE). The cDNA has 2199 bp nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1452 bp encoding a polypeptide of 453 amino acids. BLASTP algorithm results showed that ICE-LGCL shared 51%-70% amino acid sequence identity with the reported …

The Effect Of Photosynthetic Parameters On Species Acclimation In An Arid Mountainous Region Of China, Tianyu Guan, Jihua Zhou, Xiaolong Zhang, Nannan Gao, Hui Du, Wentao Cai, Lianhe Jiang, Liming Lai, Yuanrun Zheng

Turkish Journal of Botany

Understanding the mechanisms of how environmental factors limit species distribution along environmental gradients is a central question in ecology. This study aimed to understand species acclimation in view of photosynthetic parameters in an arid mountainous region. We measured some photosynthetic parameters and light and CO2 photosynthesis response curves for all plant communities with seven dominant species in 13 sites along an elevation gradient in the Qilian Mountains in arid northwestern China. The results showed that species in xerothermic environments had low maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) (14.5 μmol m-2 s-1) and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) (22.7 μmol m-2 …

Interpopulation Variations In Morphochemical Characteristics Of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni, Neena Kumari, Ravinder Raina, Yash Pal Sharma

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni segregants and to characterize them morphochemically to facilitate selection of superior genotypes for hybridization in breeding programs. Two identified strains named A and B and their segregant populations (F1 and F2) were evaluated with their morphological and chemical characteristics. Various qualitative and quantitative morphological characters including leaf shape, plant type (loose or compact), plant habit, plant height, and shoot collar diameter were considered. Simultaneously stevioside and rebaudioside-A content was evaluated. A few individuals were identified with rebaudioside-A content ranging from 5.11% to 8.55% and the ratio …

Overexpression Of The Glycine Max Chalcone Isomerase (Gmchi) Gene In Transgenictalinum Paniculatum Plants, Thi Nhu Trang Vu, Thi Hong Trang Le, Phu Hiep Hoang, Danh Thuong Sy, Thi Thu Thuy Vu, Hoang Mau Chu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Talinum paniculatum plants contain flavonoids and saponins, which have strong antioxidant properties and are used in the treatment of numerous diseases, such as inflammation, allergies, and gastric ulcers. Currently, there is no published research on the flavonoid content of T. paniculatum plants; however, it has been determined that the species in the genus Talinum have very low flavonoid content, and therefore the effective approach to enhance the flavonoid content in T. paniculatum plants is overexpression of the Glycine max chalcone isomerase (GmCHI) gene. In this study, we analyzed GmCHI gene overexpression, which has increased total flavonoid content in transgenic T. …

Advances To The Taxonomic Knowledge Of Plantago Subulata(Plantago Sect. Maritima, Plantaginaceae), Gustavo Hassemer

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plantago sect. Maritima is a group of Mediterranean narrow-leaved plantains whose taxonomy and nomenclature are particularly complex and still unresolved. This work has the objective of advancing the taxonomic knowledge of this section by revising and presenting novelties for the synonymy of P. subulata, including the lectotypification of four names with recent usage (since 1985) within this group: P. sarda, P. subulata var. atlantis, P. subulata var. granatensis, and P. subulata var. insularis. Furthermore, two synonymizations are newly proposed, and the situation of two Plantago species names published by Nyman in 1881 in his Conspectus Floræ Europææ is clarified.

Site Conditions And Functional Traits Affect Regeneration Dynamics Of European Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus L.) In Forest Canopy Gaps, Éva Salamon-Albert, Ágnes Csiszár, Dénes Bartha

Turkish Journal of Botany

European hornbeam is a deciduous tree in mixed forest ecosystems, making a valuable contribution to species richness at a community level. We investigated early-phase regeneration of saplings in canopy gaps under contrasting ecological conditions by analyzing relationships between site parameters, leaf nutrients, and light-regulated carbon and water exchange functions at ecosystem and forest levels. Using plant response variables, we also detected functional soft traits and trade-offs. Species abundance proved to be affected by the elevation and slope of the sites, air humidity, precipitation during the growing period, as well as light-dependent and light-saturated rate of the assimilation function. Relationship between …

Seed Morphology Of The Genus Astragalus L. From North Asia, Tatiana Shemetova, Andrey Erst, Wei Wang, Kunli Xiang, Cem Vural, Zeki̇ Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Botany

Astragalus is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and a characteristic component of the steppes and mountains of North Asia. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the seed morphology of 56 species of the genus from North Asia. In Astragalus , seed color varies from yellow-green, greenish brown, reddish brown to grayish brown. Seed shapes include reniform- globose, rombiform, and oblong-elliptical. Seed sizes vary from 1.25 x 0.88 mm to 4.94 x 3.29 mm. Anticlinal walls are straight, undulate, or slightly thickened, and the periclinal walls are aveolate, stellate, pectinate, or rugose. We recognized two main types …

Boletus Himalayensis (Basidiomycota; Boletales), A New Porcini Species From Pakistan, Samina Sarwar, Sana Jabeen, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Bryn Dentinger, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphology and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS and LSU regions of nrDNA were carried out on bolete collections belonging to Boletus s. str., originating from the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis outlined the existence of previously unknown species of this genus. It is described here as Boletus himalayensis . Illustrations of the macroscopic characters and the microscopic features of the new species are provided. The distinction of B. himalayensis from allied species is discussed.

Parallel Altitudinal Clines Reveal Trends In Adaptive Evolution Of Genome Size In Zea Mays, Paul Bilinski, Patrice S. Albert, Jeremy J. Berg, James A. Birchler, Mark N. Grote, Anne Lorant, Juvenal Quezada, Kelly Swarts, Jinliang Yang, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

While the vast majority of genome size variation in plants is due to differences in repetitive sequence, we know little about how selection acts on repeat content in natural populations. Here we investigate parallel changes in intraspecific genome size and repeat content of domesticated maize (Zea mays) landraces and their wild relative teosinte across altitudinal gradients in Mesoamerica and South America. We combine genotyping, low coverage whole-genome sequence data, and flow cytometry to test for evidence of selection on genome size and individual repeat abundance. We find that population structure alone cannot explain the observed variation, implying that …

Genomic Prediction Accuracy For Switchgrass Traits Related To Bioenergy Within Differentiated Populations, Jason D. Fiedler, Christina Lanzatella, Serge J. Edme, Nathan A. Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Rob Mitchell, Christian M. Tobias

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Switchgrass breeders need to improve the rates of genetic gain in many bioenergy-related traits in order to create improved cultivars that are higher yielding and have optimal biomass composition. One way to achieve this is through genomic selection. However, the heritability of traits needs to be determined as well as the accuracy of prediction in order to determine if efficient selection is possible.

Results: Using five distinct switchgrass populations comprised of three lowland, one upland and one hybrid accession, the accuracy of genomic predictions under different cross-validation strategies and prediction methods was investigated. Individual genotypes were collected using GBS …

Natural And Anthropogenic Drivers Of Tree Evolutionary Dynamics, Brandon M. Lind

Theses and Dissertations

Species of trees inhabit diverse and heterogeneous environments, and often play important ecological roles in such communities. As a result of their vast ecological breadth, trees have become adapted to various environmental pressures. In this dissertation I examine various environmental factors that drive evolutionary dynamics in threePinusspecies in California and Nevada, USA. In chapter two, I assess the role of management influence of thinning, fire, and their interaction on fine-scale gene flow within fire-suppressed populations of Pinus lambertiana, a historically dominant and ecologically important member of mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. Here, I find evidence …

The Distribution Of Centric Diatoms In Different Rivercatchments In The Anatolian Peninsula, Turkey, Cüneyd Nadi̇r Solak, Maxim Kulikovski, Tihammer Keve Kiss, Muhammet Aydin Kaleli̇, John Patrick Kociolek, Eva Ács

Turkish Journal of Botany

The diatoms are one of the most important groups of organisms for biomonitoring studies. In Turkey, most previous applications of diatoms to water quality monitoring have focused on the pennate diatoms, with almost no attention given to the centric forms. The paper presents the centric diatoms in some river catchments in Central Anatolia (Konya closed catchment and Kızılırmak) and Western Anatolia (Marmara, Sakarya, Susurluk, Akarçay, Küçük Menderes, and Meriç-Ergene in the Marmara and Aegean regions). The survey of these catchments is based on samples collected between 2009 and 2013 from 33 different locations, including some springs from Türkmen Mountain and …

Achene Morphology Of The Genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae)From Turkey And Its Taxonomic Significance, Mehmet Ufuk Özbek, Funda Özbek, Meci̇t Vural

Turkish Journal of Botany

Twenty-two taxa of the genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae) from Turkey were examined with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to describe their achene macro- and micromorphologies and to evaluate the diagnostic value of these features. The achenes are obpyramidal, obconical, and oblong. Achene width ranges from 0.26 to 1.68 mm and achene length from 1.13 to 3.46 mm. They show variation in color: brown, dark brown, grayish-brown, reddish-brown, purplish-brown, black, and purplish. All investigated species have slime cells, but prismatic cells on epicarpic cells are found only in two species. Four types of ornamentations were recognized via …

Phenotypic Plasticity And Specialization Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Trifolium Repens, Fati̇h Fazlioğlu, Justin S.H. Wan, Stephen P. Bonser

Turkish Journal of Botany

Phenotypic plasticity and specialization represent seemingly contrasting strategies to heterogeneous environments. Specialization is associated with the loss of phenotypic plasticity, particularly in functional traits. However, it is equivocal if this loss of plasticity is observed only in the specific habitat and stress type where the specialization occurs or a general loss of plasticity is seen across habitats. We examined populations of Trifolium repens L. following an expansion during the colonization of Australia from relatively good low altitude habitats to more stressful high altitude habitats in the Blue Mountains region, New South Wales, Australia. We examined if specialization to abiotic stress …