Physiology Commons^™

The Functional Movement Screen And Injury Risk In Sporting Populations: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Taylor Niles, Federico Rossi, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a functional test, which aims to identify dysfunctional, asymmetrical, and painful movements that could contribute to future injuries. Medical professionals can clinically use this information to implement appropriate, specialized prehabilitation training aimed at reducing the dysfunctional, asymmetrical, and painful movements, to help prevent injury risk. Research on this tool, however, has contradictory findings regarding FMS composite score and future risk of injury. It is unclear to what extent FMS can predict those with future injury risk, and whether there are factors, such as age, sex, or sport-type, which may be contributing to these varying …

Attitudes Among Collegiate Volleyball And Women’S Soccer Players Prior To The Covid-19 Altered 2020-21 Season, D M. Gallegos, B J. Warner, S A. Cage

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: In response to the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, the National Collegiate Athletic Association cancelled all 2020 winter and spring championships that had not been completed. Additionally, the majority of 2020 fall spring championships were rescheduled to take place in the spring semester of 2021. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the attitudes, moods, and motivations of collegiate women’s soccer and women’s volleyball players toward the alteration to the 2020-2021 season. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Web-based survey. Participants: A total of 46 female collegiate soccer and volleyball players participated in this study (Age = 17.8 years ± …

Vulnerable And Resilient Phenotypes In A Mouse Model Of Anorexia Nervosa, Jeff A. Beeler, Devry Mourra, Roseanna M. Zanca, Abigail Kalmbach, Celia Gellman, Benjamin Y. Klein, Rebecca Ravenelle, Peter Serrano, Holly Moore, Stephen Rayport, Susana Mingote, Nesha Burghard

Advanced Science Research Center

Background

Increased physical activity is a common feature of anorexia nervosa (AN). Although high activity levels are associated with greater risk of developing AN, particularly when combined with dieting, most individuals who diet and exercise maintain a healthy body weight. It is unclear why some individuals develop AN while most do not. A rodent model of resilience and vulnerability to AN would be valuable to research. Dopamine, which is believed to play a crucial role in AN, regulates both reward and activity and may modulate vulnerability.

Methods

Adolescent and young adult female C57BL/6N mice were tested in the activity-based anorexia …

Deciphering The Effects Of Serelaxin On The Cardiorenal Axis In Acute Heart Failure- A Canine Model, Abhinav Chinna Krishnan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Acute heart failure (HF) with underlying ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular associated death in the United States. Acute HF pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of neurohormonal activation, increased cardiac ventricular pressures (fluid overload), vasoconstriction, impaired renal function, and progressive end-organ failure. Serelaxin (SLX), a recombinant form of the human hormone relaxin 2, is a vasodilator and an ideal pharmacological agent to treat acute HF. Though SLX was associated with positive preliminary outcome data for acute HF it however failed to provide benefit during clinical trials. Greater understanding of cardiac and renal parameters may elucidate …

The Role Of Biomaterial Substrate In Stem Cell Fate Determination, Zhenjie Liu

Wayne State University Dissertations

The physical cues, which included topography, stiffness, and mechanical forces, can influence the stem cell renewal, differentiation, and maturation in vivo and in vitro. The nano-topography of the ECM can stimulate the neural differentiation of the stem cells, while the micro-topography of the ECM can guide the neurite outgrowth. However, the role and functional size of the micro- and nano-topography in the stem cell fate determination is not clear yet. To study this aim, two biomaterial based aligned fiber platforms (ACMFP and ASMFP) were designed, fabrication and evaluated to cover the micro-, submicro-, and nano-fiber topography, which used to study …

Objective Physiological Measures Of Lingual And Jaw Function In Healthy Individuals And Individuals With Dysphagia Due To Neurodegenerative Diseases, Megan E. Cuellar, Elizabeth Oommen

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Swallowing is a neuromuscular process that involves a complex sequence of sensorimotor events, which are executed to efficiently and safely transport food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. Safe oropharyngeal swallowing involves the activation, modulation, and coordination of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal structures and musculature. Impaired or atypical patterns of swallowing are considered characteristic of a swallowing disorder, otherwise referred to as dysphagia, and affect the performance of all stages, i.e., oral preparatory, oral transit, pharyngeal, and esophageal. Lingual and jaw musculature play critical roles in mediating swallowing function, particularly during the oral preparatory and oral transit …

Power Amplification Strategies Across Animals, Rayhan Asif

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Animals use muscles for movement, but some have evolved mechanisms to exceed maximum power used in a motion known as power amplification. In this literature review, I analyzed and compared the evolution of structures capable of power amplification between species. Structures capable of power amplification were broken down into the basic components of the engine, amplifier, and tool. The species analyzed were found to possess necessary structures for power amplification which were relatively similar to each other in morphology, but varied greatly in function. The ease with which these structures evolved was evaluated based on the amount of divergence which …

Effects Of Fluoxetine/Simvastatin/Ascorbic Acid Combination Treatment On Neurogenesis And Functional Recovery In A Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Olivia Cameron Webb

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Whereas immune modulation has proven beneficial in multiple sclerosis (MS), we hypothesized that targeting down-stream modulators of neurogenesis and subsequent remyelination may offer an additional, if not superior, point of intervention in an attempt to repair damage and recover lost function. As such, the present study assessed the effectiveness of 30-day administration of the drug combination fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), simvastatin (1 mg/kg), and ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg) (FSA) on an early marker of neurogenesis, doublecortin (DCX), and functional recovery using the Montoya Staircase following lysolecithin-induced focal demyelination of the corpus callosum in middle-aged (10-11 month) male and female rats. Lysolecithin …

A Novel Method For Analysis Of Proprioceptor Sensory Neuron Subtypes In The Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia, Delaney C. Grant

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Proprioceptive sensory neurons encode critical mechanosensory information that helps determine how the body interacts with the outside world and monitors the proper execution of motor movements. Housed in skeletal muscles lie specialized mechanoreceptors that are critical to this feedback loop: muscle spindles supplied by group Ia & group II afferents, and Golgi tendon organs supplied by group Ib afferents relay information regarding changes in muscle force, length, and tension. All three afferent subtypes originate in the muscle and travel to the dorsal root ganglia, relaying information to the central nervous system. GTO and MS proprioceptive afferent subtypes have been identified, …

Potential Involvement Of Micro Vesicle Particles In The Synergistic Effects Of Ultraviolet-B Radiation And Platelet -Activating Factor Receptor Agonists On Cytokine Production, Shweta Bhadri

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Cytokines play a pivotal role in regulating inflammation, which is a condition that makes the tissue vulnerable to different pathological and physiological conditions. Thus, how cytokines are regulated is an important area of study. Skin that receives ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), a major pro-oxidative stressor, results in the release of multiple cytokines and chemokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8. Previous studies from our group and others have demonstrated synergistic release of TNF-alpha when UVB is combined with IL-1 or the lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF). Of interest, subcellular microvesicle particles (MVP) have been proposed to play an …

Mechanisms And Therapeutic Interventions For Breast Cancer-Induced Fatigue And Mitochondrial Dysfunction, David Andrew Stanton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

According to the latest statistics from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), about 1 in 8 U.S. women (~13%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of their lifetime. This translates to an estimated 268,600 new cases of breast cancer for the year 2019, and these diagnoses will collectively make up 15% of all new cancer cases across all cancer types. The majority of these women will experience the often-debilitating symptom of breast cancer-induced fatigue. these patients often have difficulty performing normal activities of daily living, have decreased tolerance to traditional tumor-directed therapies, and have higher rates of cancer recurrence. …

Characterization Of Spontaneous Preeclampsia In The African Green Monkey (Chlorocebus Aethiops Sabaeus), Chelsea Christina Weaver

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Hypertensive pregnancy disorders are a major contribution to maternal and neonatal mortality worldwide. Two of these disorders, preeclampsia and chronic hypertension in pregnancy, affect up to 10% of all pregnancies. These hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with long-term, postnatal risk factors for both mother and offspring. Despite numerous recent advances in preeclampsia research, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. This could be due to lack of a spontaneous animal model. This dissertation presents the African Green Monkey (AGM; Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as the first known spontaneous animal model of preeclampsia and a highly translational model of chronic …

Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements (Δ'17O) Of Body Water Reflect Water Intake, Metabolism, And Δ18O Of Ingested Water In Passerines, Pablo Sabat, Seth D. Newsome, Stephanie Pinochet, Roberto Nespolo, Juan Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez, Karen Maldonado, Alexander R. Gerson, Zachary D. Sharp, John P. Whiteman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Understanding physiological traits and ecological conditions that influence a species reliance on metabolic water is critical to creating accurate physiological models that can assess their ability to adapt to environmental perturbations (e.g., drought) that impact water availability. However, relatively few studies have examined variation in the sources of water animals use to maintain water balance, and even fewer have focused on the role of metabolic water. A key reason is methodological limitations. Here, we applied a new method that measures the triple oxygen isotopic composition of a single blood sample to estimate the contribution of metabolic water to the body …

Polar Bear Behavior: Morphologic And Physiologic Adaptations, John P. Whiteman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Polar bears possess morphologic and physiologic characteristics that reflect their terrestrial lineage as members of the bear family (Ursidae) as well as adaptations to the Arctic marine environment. Among marine mammals, they are the least adapted for aquatic life. They exhibit substantial seasonality in body mass, body condition, and many physiological functions, reflecting the annual cycle of both their Arctic sea ice habitat and the availability of their main prey, ringed seals. This hypercarnivorous diet has likely influenced the polar bear’s craniodental morphology and nutritional physiology. Similar to other marine mammal predators, polar bears exhibit a relatively high resting metabolic …

Lipid Metabolites As Energy Stores In Four Stingray Species, Lauren Moniz

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Assessing macronutrient transfer is important for estimating ecosystem health and structure. This nutrient transfer is facilitated through trophic position interactions and the consumption of biomass. Lipids are macronutrients that can be used to assess energy flow. Triglyceride (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) are important lipids that are obtained from diet and integrate into tissues. They are representative of energy stores and potential energy available for metabolic processes. In marine ecosystems, stingrays occupy the mesopredator niche, facilitating nutrient transfer from lower to higher trophic positions. Stingrays consume a variety of prey items ranging in lipid content, but how lipid metabolites …

Role Of P53 Deficient Clonogenic Endothelial Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Pulmonary Hypertension, Aneel Roy Bhagwani

Theses and Dissertations

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder of the small vessels of the pulmonary vasculature. It is characterized by occlusive vascular remodeling leading to right heart failure and ultimately death. PAH pathogenesis involves a multifactorial etiology leading to formation of occlusive lesions in small (preacinary) pulmonary arteries. These lesions contain hyper-proliferative, apoptosis resistant endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. ECs play a major role in the development of PAH. These ECs in vascular lesions are primitive and express progenitor cell markers, including CD117 (c-kit).

We have isolated clonally expanded, c-kit+ ECs from the lungs of Green Fluorescent …

Effect Of Pongol Methyl Ether On Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes In Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells, Arnon Silapech

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important therapeutic target. The therapeutic agents targeting CSCs should lead to improved clinical outcomes. This study demonstrated the CSC suppressing activity of pongol methyl ether (PME), a pure compound from Millettia erythrocalyx Gagnep. CSC-suppressing effects were evaluated by colony formation assay, anchorage independent growth assay, spheroid formation assay and detection of CSC markers. The related CSC cell signals were evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and molecular docking analysis. Proteins affected by PME treatment were subjected to bioinformatic analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH). The …

Diagnosis And Intervention Of Posterior Shoulder Impingement In A Non-Throwing Athlete, K Orrick

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: Posterior impingement, also commonly called internal impingement, is identified by a repetitive compression of the posterosuperior aspect of the glenoid by the greater tuberosity of the humeral head when the arm is in an abducted and externally rotated position. There are multiple possible causes of this impingement. One of the most frequent contributors is scapular dyskinesis, where the scapula does not track properly with overhead movement due to weakness. Other contributors include kinetic chain instabilities found in the spine, core, and lower extremity, as well as glenohumeral instability causing a shift in the humeral head. Posterior impingement is commonly …

Treatment And Management Of Complex Knee Injury: A Case Report, K Braunreiter, S Kerwin

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: The “unhappy triad” injury includes tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus. There is limited research on the prevalence and outcome of this injury. The unique surgical repair consisting of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) was utilized to reinforce the anterior cruciate ligament repair (ACLR) and to prevent rerupture. Due to this extensive surgery, the patient struggled to regain full range of motion and quadriceps activation. This case is a Level 2 case study that explores the different interventions used to address the aforementioned objective deficits and return him safely to play. Patient: The patient …

Use Of Response Shift To Improve Agreement Between Patient-Reported And Performance-Based Outcomes In Knee Patients, Shelby Baez, Johanna M. Hoch, Carl Mattacola, Philip Gribble, Jennifer S. Howard

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of performance-based tasks (PBTs) prior to completion of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) would create a change, or a response shift, in PROs in patients with knee injuries. A randomized controlled trial was implemented to examine the effectiveness of a response-shift based interventions to enhance the correlation between PBTs and PROs. Participants (n=20) were knee-injured patients who were removed from activity for a minimum of 1-week. Participants were randomly assigned to complete PBTs (intervention) or to watch videos detailing an injury prevention program (control). The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective …