Physiology Commons^™

Effects Of A Form Of Equine-Facilitated Learning On Heart Rate Variability, Immune Function, And Self-Esteem In Older Adults, Ann L. Baldwin, Barbara K. Rector, Ann C. Alden

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Equine-facilitated learning (EFL) helps people access their immediate sensations and feelings because horses, as prey animals, are continually aware of their environment and provide instant feedback to human behaviors and emotions. We hypothesize that during EFL, older people become more aware of their bodily sensations and emotions, leading to increased heart rate variability (HRV), improved self-esteem (Rosenberg scale), and improved immune function. Twenty-four subjects (age > 55) participated in a single 15-minute EFL activity, Con Su Permiso, during which they focused on their bodily sensations and the responses of the horse as they moved toward and around the horse. Subjects …

Determining The Effects Of Quercetin On Cadmium Toxicity In Kidney Cells, Elizabeth Dugan

Undergraduate Theses

Cadmium is a heavy transition metal that causes kidney disease via prolonged, low-level exposure due to circulating metallothioneins. These proteins transport cadmium ions to the proximal convoluted tubule, where they induce the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage from ROS can lead to kidney dysfunction and eventually failure. Previous studies have shown that antioxidants, including quercetin, which is found in most fruits and vegetables, can lessen cadmium-induced toxicity. In this study, human embryonic kidney cells were pretreated for one hour with varying concentrations of quercetin ranging from 10 - 100 μM. This was followed by 24-hour treatment with …

Reconstitution Of Gabaergic Postsynapses In Host Cells, Karthik Kanamalla

Honors Scholar Theses

Type A GABA receptors (GABAARs) can be found embedded in postsynaptic membranes or in a variety of extrasynaptic locations. Receptors with synaptic function are recruited to the postsynapse by submembranous scaffolds composed of gephyrin and collybistin (CB). This study was aimed at assessing whether the ability to interact with the scaffold differentiates synaptic from non-synaptic receptors. Using HEK293 cells as an expression system, and indirect immunofluorescence (IF), co-localization of extrasynaptic receptors α1β3δ and α4β3δ with the CB-gephyrin scaffold was assessed and compared with that of the synaptic receptor α1β3γ2. Results indicated that both extrasynaptic receptors were able to colocalize with …

The Effect Of Stance Width And Anthropometrics On Joint Range Of Motion In The Lower Extremities During A Back Squat, Eric Demers, Jonathan Pendenza, Valentin Radevich, Richard Preuss

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 764-775, 2018. The purpose of this study was to assess whether changing the stance width has an effect on the range of motion of hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion during an unloaded back squat, and whether these joint movements are affected by anthropometric differences. Thirty-two healthy, young adults performed unloaded back squats at three different stance widths, normalized to pelvic width. Joint angles were assessed using electromagnetic motion capture sensors on the sacrum, and thigh, shank and foot of the dominant leg. ANOVA comparison of joint angles for the three stance widths, …

Peak Power Output In Loaded Jump Squat Exercise Is Affected By Set Structure, Nikolaj Koefoed, Mads Lerche, Bjørn K. Jensen, Pia Kjær, Sebastian Dam, Rasmus Horslev, Ernst A. Hansen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 776-784, 2018. A priority in strength and power exercise might be to train with as high quality as possible for the shortest possible duration. In this context, peak power output could reflect quality. Designing an exercise session as a cluster set structure, as compared to a traditional set structure, may be a way to obtain higher peak power output in the session. But it is unknown whether that is obtainable for non-elite individuals performing loaded jump squat exercise. The aim of the present study was therefore to test the hypothesis that peak power output …

The Effects Of Low Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations On Diving Behavior And Lactate Accumulation In Lithobates Pipiens, Benjamin R. Thompson, Tristen M. Zimmerman

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in bodies of water can differ based on geographic location, time of day, or even climate change. Because frogs acquire approximately 20% of their oxygen across the skin, decreases in DO could negatively affect diving behavior by increasing reliance on anaerobic metabolism and formation of lactate. To evaluate this possibility, we measured pulmonary and cutaneous oxygen exchange as well as blood lactate levels before and after a 30-minute dive period under both saturated DO (8.341 ± 0.042 mg/L) and low DO conditions (3.918 ± 0.597 mg/L). Although frogs diving in a low oxygen environment tended to …

Evaluation Of A Novel Finite Element Model Of Active Contraction In The Heart, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zhan-Qiu Liu, Kenneth S. Campbell, Jonathan F. Wenk

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Finite element (FE) modeling is becoming a widely used approach for the investigation of global heart function. In the present study, a novel model of cellular-level systolic contraction, which includes both length- and velocity-dependence, was implemented into a 3D non-linear FE code. To validate this new FE implementation, an optimization procedure was used to determine the contractile parameters, associated with sarcomeric function, by comparing FE-predicted pressure and strain to experimental measures collected with magnetic resonance imaging and catheterization in the ventricles of five healthy rats. The pressure-volume relationship generated by the FE models matched well with the experimental data. Additionally, …

Selecting The Best Of The Best: Associations Between Anthropometric And Fitness Assessment Results And Success In Police Specialist Selection, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Erin Caust, Benjamin Hinton, Rodney Pope

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 785-796, 2018. To successfully complete specialist police selection, officers must be physically fit. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance on selected anthropometric and fitness tests and successful selection into a specialist police unit. Thirty-two male police officers (mean age = 29.48±4.99 years) participated in a Barrier Fitness Assessment (BFA), followed by a Specialist Selection Course (SSC). The BFA spanned two consecutive days of testing (pull-ups, push-ups, seven-stage sit-ups, a timed loaded pack march, a Multi-Stage Fitness Test, an agility run, a lift and carry task and a 300m …

Out Of The Shell: Exploring The Phagocytic Capabilities Of The B Cell And Isolated Lymphoid Follicle-Lie Structures In The Red-Eared Slider, Trachemys Scripta, Marc A. Ashford Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Management of immunity is crucial for survival in all living organisms. While there is a large amount of research for established model organisms, such as the mouse model, much less is known about reptiles. When compared to immunity in mammals, we discover many differences such as susceptibility to certain pathogens, alteration of immune processes due to environmental temperature, the total absence of certain lymphoid organs contained in mammals, among many others. Despite this, the reptile has shown in many studies that they are worthy systems to study immunity in an evolutionary perspective and recent studies may show that they may …

Neuromuscular Adaptations Following Training And Protein Supplementation In A Group Of Trained Weightlifters, Christopher B. Taber, Kevin Carroll, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Sato, Charles Stuart, Mary Howell, Kenton Hall, Caleb D. Bazyler, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a recovery supplement compared with a placebo on muscle morphology in trained weightlifters. Vastus lateralis and muscle fiber cross sectional area of type I and type II fibers were compared between groups using a series of 2 × 2 (group × time) repeated measure ANOVAs. Both groups on average improved cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis, type I and type II muscle fibers from pre-to-post but individual response varied within both groups. Greater magnitude of changes in type I and type II muscle fibers were observed for the placebo …

Are The Hypertrophic Adaptations To High And Low-Load Resistance Training Muscle Fiber Type Specific?, Jozo Grgic, Brad J. Schoenfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Within Season Hematological Changes In College Athletes With Sickle Cell Trait, Michael E. Owens

LSU Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the hematological differences in African-American athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT) and healthy controls (CON) before preseason camp and the changes that occur after a full season. METHODS: Sixteen (n=8 SCT; n=8 position matched, CON) NCAA Division 1 athletes (12 football, 2 each women’s soccer and volleyball) had blood drawn before preseason camp, after and at the end of the season, and analyzed for Hb electrophoresis (Hb-A, Hb-A2, Hb-S, and Hb-F), complete blood count with differential, chemistry panel 26, and prothrombin time, activity and international normalized ratio (INR). RESULTS: Baseline total Hb was …

Thermoregulatory Adaptations Following Sprint Interval Training, Jonathan E. Wingo, Charlie P. Katica, Svetlana Nepocatych, Andrew T. Del Pozzi, Greg A. Ryan

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Traditional endurance training typically involves weeks of long-duration (60–90 min) exercise performed at a moderate to vigorous intensity. An alternative paradigm, sprint interval training, is characterized by multiple bouts of short-duration, high-intensity exercise. Similar fitness benefits from the two paradigms have been demonstrated, but whether sprint interval training—like traditional endurance training—induces heat acclimation remains unclear.

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that sprint interval training performed over six sessions results in measureable thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations consistent with heat acclimation.

Methods

Seven untrained men [mean ± SD, 13 ± 5% body fat, 22 ± 3 y, 3.1 ± 0.3 L/min peak …

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Improves Relative Mean Power During Multiple Sprint Performance, Garet W. Simpson, Robert C. Pritchett, Eric O'Neal, Garrett Hoskins, Kelly Pritchett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 754-763, 2018. Multiple investigations have confirmed carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) enhances high intensity endurance performance lasting under 1 hour, but the effects of CMR on high intensity intermittent exercise has received less attention. This study examined the effect of CMR on high intensity multiple sprint performances in a protocol designed to emulate a cyclocross or mountain biking event. Seven trained men (28.2 ± 6.8 years, 185 ± 9 cm, 85.3 ± 14.8 kg, VO₂peak 51.4 ± 7.3 ml/kg*min-1) completed two, 48 min high intensity intermittent cycling protocols that consisted of 6 bouts …

Attitudes Towards Sports Concussion In Australian Exercise Science Students. Does The Type And Level Of Participation In Sport Matter?, Billymo Rist, Janet A. Young, Alan J. Pearce

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 739-753, 2018. Concussion in sport is a growing public health issue. However, research suggests that under-reporting of concussion by student-athlete cohorts reflects conflicting attitudes compared to the wider community. Interestingly, previous studies have focused on the attitudes and beliefs irrespective of the type or level of sport played at. This study explored concussion beliefs and attitudes in a cohort of Australian exercise science students, analyzing responses based upon the type and the level of sport participated. Two-hundred and ninety-four students (m = 208; f = 86; age 22 ± 5.2 years) responded to a …

Markers Of Cardiometabolic Risk And Thyroid Dysfunction In U.S. Adolescents: Nhanes Iii, Jonathan Austin

Theses and Dissertations

The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated components (high fasting glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, and low HDL) have increased over the past few decades. In addition, abnormal thyroid hormone levels have been found to manifest in a cascade of metabolic dysfunction, which may be linked to MetS in youth. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between MetS, its components, and markers of thyroid function in a nationally-representative sample of adolescents. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) collected data on the components of metabolic syndrome and thyroid …

A Preliminary Analysis Of The Relationship Between The Multistage Fitness Test And 300-M Run In Law Enforcement Officers: Implications For Fitness Assessment, Matthew R. Moreno, Robert G. Lockie, Charles L. Kornhauser, Ryan J. Holmes, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 730-738, 2018. Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) often use fitness tests to assess recruits and incumbents. One fitness test that is gaining popularity is the 20-meter multistage fitness test (20m-MSFT). However, the potential length of this assessment, in addition to the repeated direction changes, means this test may not be appropriate for all officers (e.g. older officers, or those with physical impairments). The 300-m run is shorter, features no direction changes, and could provide an indication of fitness. The study purpose was to investigate the relationship between the 20m-MSFT and 300–m run. Retrospective analysis of …

Lower Extremity Joint Kinematics Of Shod, Barefoot And Simulated Barefoot Treadmill Running, Michele Leblanc, Heidi E. Ferkranus

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 717-729, 2018. Barefoot running is considered to decrease injury risk, but is not always practical, particularly while running on a fitness center treadmill. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics of shod, barefoot, and simulated barefoot running. Twelve subjects (age = 21.1 ± 1.2 years) who regularly run on a treadmill for fitness participated in the study. After a warm up, each runner ran on a Biodex RTM 400 treadmill set at 7.4 mph (approximately 3.3 m/s) in their own shoes, barefoot, and while running “like they were barefoot” in their …

Stability Of Resistance Training Implement Alters Emg Activity During The Overhead Press, Jeremy R. Dicus, Michael E. Holmstrup, Kyle Shuler, Tyler Rice, Shawn Raybuck, Chelsea Siddons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 708-716, 2018. Kettlebells often replace dumbbells during common resistance training exercises such as the overhead press. When performing an overhead press, the center of mass of a dumbbell is in line with the glenohumeral joint. In comparison, the center of mass of the kettlebell is posterior to the glenohumeral joint. Posterior displacement of the kettlebell center of mass may result in less stability during the pressing motion. The purpose of this study was to examine muscle activity during an overhead press with resistance training implements of differing stability. Surface electromyography (EMG) for the anterior …

Field Test Performance Of Junior Competitive Surf Athletes Following A Core Strength Training Program, Tracy A. Axel, Jill Crussemeyer, Kevyn Dean, Douglas E. Young

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 696-707, 2018. Lower body and core muscular strength are essential for optimal performance in many sports and competitive surfers have similar strength demands when maneuvering a surfboard to achieve competition success. Presently, the use of unstable surfaces is excessively utilized by surf coaches and trainers and to date, research does not support this as an effective training method for long-term improvements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an 8-week Core Strength Training Program (CSTP) on a battery of field tests specific to assessing core musculature and lower body …