Physiology Commons^™

Anti-Human Cd9 Antibody Fab Fragment Impairs The Internalization Of Extracellular Vesicles And The Nuclear Transfer Of Their Cargo Proteins., Mark F. Santos, Germana Rappa, Jana Karbanová, Cheryl Vanier, Chikao Morimoto, Denis Corbeil, Aurelio Lorico

College of Osteopathic Medicine (TUN) Publications and Research

The intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained international interest during the last decade. Interfering with the mechanisms regulating this cellular process might find application particularly in oncology where cancer cell-derived EVs play a role in tumour microenvironment transformation. Although several mechanisms were ascribed to explain the internalization of EVs, little is our knowledge about the fate of their cargos, which are crucial to mediate their function. We recently demonstrated a new intracellular pathway in which a fraction of endocytosed EV-associated proteins is transported into the nucleoplasm of the host cell via a subpopulation of late endosomes penetrating …

Effects Of Life-Long Wheel Running Behavior On Plantar Flexor Contractile Properties, Alexander Nicholas Beechko

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Aging in skeletal muscle is characterized by a loss in muscular performance. This is in part related to the direct loss of muscle mass due to senescence, known as sarcopenia. With age, skeletal muscles lose force production, contractile speed, and power production. The force velocity relationship of muscle is a product of force production and contraction speed, both of which decline with age; however, the mechanisms and trajectory of this decline are not well understood. Exercise has positive effects on muscle, and thus may assist in maintaining performance in old age. However, few long-term studies have been performed to examine …

The Proteomic Response Of Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga Angustirostris) Pups To Physiological Stress During Development, Melissa P. Voisinet

Master's Theses

Background: Northern elephant seals transition from terrestrial nursing pups to pelagic foraging juveniles in a short period of just 8-12 weeks. During the post-weaning period, pups rely solely on the energy reserves gained during nursing for their caloric demands and water supply. The prolonged absence of food after weaning is the first of many fasts for which the seals have evolved adaptations such as decreased urine production and increased blubber reserves. The stressors experienced from learning to dive for the first time are also stressors that they will experience frequently as an adult and for which they have evolved adaptations. …

The Consequences Of Cold Water Immersion: Impacts And Treatment, Patrick J. Buck Ph.D., Commander William Roberts, Commander Ken Minehane

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This paper documents a demonstration project conducted by the authors under the auspices of the Irish Naval service. It explores and describes in detail the consequences that cold water immersion can have on the human body. Further, this study investigates post immersion treatment and survival challenges and proposes appropriate casualty care regimes with specific focus on ‘post rescue collapse’ and ‘afterdrop.’ Observations of individual differences in response are reported.

Phase- Specific Changes In Rate Of Force Development And Muscle Morphology Throughout A Block Periodized Training Cycle In Weightlifters, Dylan G. Suarez, Satoshi Mizuguchi, William Guy Hornsby, Aaron J. Cunanan, Donald J. Marsh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and morphological adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in weightlifters. Athlete monitoring data from nine experienced collegiate weightlifters was used. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and ultrasonography (US) results were compared to examine the effects of three specific phases of a training cycle leading up to a competition. During the high volume strength-endurance phase (SE) small depressions in rate of force development (RFD) but statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and body mass (BM) were observed. The lower volume …

Stimulatory Effect Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-Ht) On Rat Capsaicin-Sensitive Lung Vagal Sensory Neurons Via Activation Of 5-Ht3 Receptors, Chun-Chun Hsu, Ting Ruan, Lu-Yuan Lee, You Shuei Lin

Physiology Faculty Publications

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an inflammatory mediator known to be released in lung. Capsaicin-sensitive lung vagal (CSLV) afferents function as a primary sensor for detecting chemical stimuli and produce consequent reflexes during lung inflammation. To characterize the effect of 5-HT on CSLV afferents, responses of cardiorespiratory reflexes and single-unit C-fiber afferents to right-atrial injections of 5-HT were investigated in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Bolus injection of 5-HT (8 μg/kg) caused an immediate augmented breath and apnea, accompanied by hypotension and bradycardia. These initial responses were then followed by a brief pressor response and a more sustained depressor response. After a perineural treatment …

Time-Course Of Changes In Physiological, Psychological And Performance Markers Following A Functional-Fitness Competition, Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Jonato Prestes, Nuno Frade Sousa, Vinicius C. De Souza, Otávio De Tolêdo Nóbrega, Matheus Baffi, Carlos Ernesto S. Ferreira, Gabriel Veloso Cunha, James W. Navalta, Joice Cristina Dos Santos Trombeta, Cláudia R. Cavaglieri, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 904-918, 2019. Functional Fitness Training (FFT) programs are characterized by utilizing a high volume of training and using a variety of high intensity exercises. While FFT are growing in the number of practitioners and popularity, the relationship between physiological biomarkers and subjective scales in the specific context of FFT has not yet been evaluated in the literature. The purpose of the present study was to monitor the time-course response of cytokines (IL-10 and 1L-1b), immune variables (C-reactive protein -CRP and immunoglobulin A-IgA), hormonal milieu (cortisol-C, total testosterone-TT, free testosterone-FT and testosterone/cortisol-T/C ratio), creatine kinase-CK, …

Breathing Limited Air Situational Training Masks (Blastmask) Versus Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (Scba) For Firefighters: A Pilot Study, Thomas Andre, Silvio Valladao, Shana Walsh, Derek Reisbeck

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 941-949, 2019. Despite maintaining high levels of fitness, firefighters’ performance may be negatively impacted by the use of a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), an essential piece of safety equipment worn during structural firefighting. Routine training with SCBAs can be cost-prohibitive and inefficient. The Breathing Limited Air Situational Training Mask (BlastMask) was developed as a training aid used to simulate the SCBA. The purpose of this study was to examine physiological and perceptual responses elicited by firefighters during steady state exercise when using the BlastMask compared to the SCBA. Current staff male firefighters (n …

The Impact Of Physical Activity And Sleep On Physiology Following A Mtbi, Garrett L. Lindsey, Alia Yasen, Anita Christie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 919-931, 2019. A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common injury that happens to people across a range of lifestyles. Rest has been regarded as the most effective remedy to restore impaired physiological functions in those who have experienced this kind of injury. However, recent data suggests that a gradual increase in physical activity post-injury can lead to quicker recovery from negative symptoms. The impact of physical activity on physiologic recovery is not completely understood and the purpose of this study was to better understand how physical activity and sleep influence physiological outcomes …

Comparison Of College Student Hypertension Prevalence Between The Jnc7 And Acc/Aha Diagnostic Criteria, Kadiatu Kamara, Oliver W A Wilson, Zack Papalia, Melissa Bopp, C M. Bopp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 898-903, 2019. Hypertension is highly prevalent and associated with non-communicable diseases and increased premature mortality risk. However, the impact of the new hypertension diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of hypertension diagnoses has yet to be examined among college students. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of hypertension between the JNC7 and the ACC/AHA hypertension diagnostic criteria among college students. The blood pressure of 5,945 college students was assessed, and chi-square tests for independence examined differences between JNC7 and ACC/AHA criteria. The mean age of participants was 21.30 ± 1.05 years, …

The Validity Of Resting Metabolic Rate (Rmr)-Prediction Equations And Reliability Of Measured Rmr In Female Athletes, Kelsi Mackay, Katie Schofield, Stacy Sims, Joseph Mcquillan, Matthew Driller

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 886-897, 2019. The aim of the current study was to; 1) assess the test-retest reliability of an indirect calorimetry analyzer (Parvo Medics TrueOne), and 2) compare measured RMR with three RMR-predictive (pRMR) equations in female athletes. In part one, 12 recreationally-exercising women (mean ± SD; age 27.5 ± 12.3 y) performed two RMR assessments, on separate days, utilising the Parvo Medics TrueOne analyser. In part two, 25 recreationally-exercising women to sub-elite athletes (mean ± SD; age 30.1 ± 10.2 y) underwent an RMR assessment using the Parvo Medics TrueOne analyser, which was compared to …

Stress And Body Composition Of Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii), Brandon Scott Tappmeyer

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii), is a species of conservation concern that is the subject of multiple head-start and reintroduction efforts across its range. In captive propagation programs, producing offspring that are in optimal physiological condition maximizes the likelihood of success after release. The purpose of my study was to compare stress and body composition between one free-ranging reintroduced population and two captive populations. The two captive populations were both housed in southern Oklahoma, but one group was reared indoors whereas the other inhabited outdoor ponds at a national fish hatchery. I used circulating glucocorticoid (corticosterone) concentrations as an …

Effects Of Home-Based Exercise Training Systems, Combined With Diet, On Cardiometabolic Health, Christian K. Roberts, David E. Segovia, Eli Lankford

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 871-885, 2019. The efficacy of exercise training systems designed to be used in the home on cardiometabolic outcomes remains largely unknown. This investigation included two studies. Study 1 tested the effects a multi-exercise pulley system(NordicTrack Fusion CST with video trainer) and Study 2 an incline trainer (NordicTrack X22i with video trainer), both combined with daily food provision, for 12-weeks on indices of cardiometabolic health. Study 1 enrolled 27 adults (11 men, 16 women, 33.8±4.4 years of age) and Study 2 enrolled 29 adults (11 men, 18 women, 40.8±12.5 years of age). Pre- and post-intervention …

Age Dependent Regulation Of Cardiac Sodium Channel Gain Of Function, Madison Nowak, David Ryan King, Steven Poelzing, Seth Weinberg

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Hydration Status And Perception Of Fluid Loss In Male And Female University Rugby Union Players, Trev Muth, Robert C. Pritchett, Kelly Pritchett, James Depaepe, Rachael Blank

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 859-870, 2019. Rugby union players are at risk for dehydration due to the high physiologic demand of the sport (~7.5 MJ/game). Dehydration could be due to lack of knowledge of fluid lost during activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the hydration status and sweat loss estimations of male and female university rugby union players over three consecutive training sessions. Body mass, urine specific gravity (USG), and self-reported thirst scores were recorded pre and post training sessions. Sweat loss estimations were recorded post training session. After estimations, participants were shown his …

Lower-Body Power And Its Relationship With Body Drag Velocity In Law Enforcement Recruits, Matthew R. Moreno, Joseph M. Dulla, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Karly Cesario, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 847-858, 2019. The body drag (BD) is used as a test to measure a law enforcement officer (LEO) recruit’s capability to rescue an individual. However, the physical characteristics associated with faster BD performance have not been identified. It could be expected that lower- body power, often measured via jump performance, could positively relate to BD performance. This study investigated the relationship between the vertical jump (VJ), peak anaerobic power measured in watts (PAPw), power-to-body mass ratio (P:BM), standing broad jump (SBJ), and relative SBJ, with BD velocity in LEO recruits. Retrospective analysis of data …

Self-Myofascial Release Does Not Improve Back Squat Range Of Motion, Alter Muscle Activation, Or Aid In Perceived Recovery 24-Hours Following Lower Body Resistance Training., Zach M. Beier, Ian L. Earp, John A. Korak

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 839-846, 2019. Self-myofascial release (SMR) is an alternative therapy believed to increase myofascial mobility by exciting muscles and increasing blood flow to the treated area. Previous literature suggest SMR produces conflicting results on performance, muscle activation, range of motion (ROM), and recovery. This study was designed to utilize SMR on a fatigued individual prior to exercise and measure its’ effects on muscle activation, ROM, and perceived recovery compared to a dynamic warm-up session. The findings could help develop an efficient warm-up protocol for resistance-trained individuals. Electromyography (EMG) measured muscle activation of the rectus femoris …

Facilitation Of Neuropathic Pain By The Npy Y1 Receptor-Expressing Subpopulation Of Excitatory Interneurons In The Dorsal Horn, Tyler S. Nelson, Weisi Fu, Renee R. Donahue, Gregory F. Corder, Tomas Hökfelt, Ronald G. Wiley, Bradley K. Taylor

Physiology Faculty Publications

Endogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerts long-lasting spinal inhibitory control of neuropathic pain, but its mechanism of action is complicated by the expression of its receptors at multiple sites in the dorsal horn: NPY Y1 receptors (Y1Rs) on post-synaptic neurons and both Y1Rs and Y2Rs at the central terminals of primary afferents. We found that Y1R-expressing spinal neurons contain multiple markers of excitatory but not inhibitory interneurons in the rat superficial dorsal horn. To test the relevance of this spinal population to the development and/or maintenance of acute and neuropathic pain, we selectively ablated Y1R-expressing interneurons with intrathecal administration of an …

Role Of Pkcbeta And Oxidant Signaling In Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension, Joshua R. Sheak

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced vasoconstriction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (pHTN) in infants with chronic cardiorespiratory disorders. Although endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and oxidative stress contribute to a variety of cardiovascular disorders, their contribution to enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity in neonatal pHTN is poorly understood. We therefore hypothesized that neonatal CH augments pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity by limiting NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation and by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Enzymatic sources of ROS in the vasculature include NADPH oxidase isoforms, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The mitochondria are also a …

Measurement Of Strength Gains Using A Fascial System Exercise Program, Michele M. Bond, Richard Lloyd, Robyn A. Braun, James A. Eldridge

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 825-838, 2019. Current fascia research is allowing for an interdisciplinary understanding of the body’s anatomical, biomechanical, and neurological connectivity via the fascial network. Fascial research and its application has been validated and established in various clinical areas of research. The purpose of this study was to apply the current knowledge of the fascial system to general exercise protocols. This study involved 20 women, ages 30-60 years, who were novice weight trainers, mostly sedentary, and with no injuries, excessive pain or disease. The 10-week study compared strength gain changes between a strength training regimen control …