Investigatin Actin-Myosin Mechanics To Model Heart Disease Using Fluorescence Microscopy And Optical Trapping,
2020
University of Mississippi
Investigatin Actin-Myosin Mechanics To Model Heart Disease Using Fluorescence Microscopy And Optical Trapping, Justin Edward Reynolds
Honors Theses
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary disease in which the myocardium becomes hypertrophied, making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood. HCM is commonly caused by a mutation in the β-cardiac myosin II heavy chain. Myosin is a motor protein that facilitates muscle contraction by converting chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work and concomitantly moving along actin filaments. Optical tweezers have been used previously to analyze single myosin biophysical properties; however, myosin does not work as a single unit within the heart. Multiple myosin interacts to displace actin filaments and do not have the same properties …
Glucose Metabolism Of Breast Cancer Sub-Clones That Preferentially Metastasize To The Lungs And Bone,
2020
University of Mississippi
Glucose Metabolism Of Breast Cancer Sub-Clones That Preferentially Metastasize To The Lungs And Bone, Anna G. Skubiz
Honors Theses
Malignant breast cancers exhibit preferential metastasis to bone and lung (1). While changes in gene expression in lung-specific (LM) and bone-specific metastasis (BoM) lines derived from the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer line have been identified, few metabolic genes are differentially expressed; thus it is unknown if tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming occurs. Two hallmarks of cancer cells are an altered metabolic phenotype characterized by enhanced conversion of glucose to lactate in spite of adequate oxygen availability for complete mitochondrial oxidation of this substrate (referred to as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect) and a greater dependence on glutamine. These changes in primary tumor …
The Impact Of Age/Rage Signaling On Oxidative Stress Under Diabetic Conditions In Cardiac Fibroblasts,
2020
University of Mississippi
The Impact Of Age/Rage Signaling On Oxidative Stress Under Diabetic Conditions In Cardiac Fibroblasts, Christopher Dorroh
Honors Theses
Diabetes is a major health concern in the United States, with 1.5 million new cases diagnosed each year. Patients who suffer from diabetes have an increased risk of developing heart failure, a form of cardiovascular disease. Heart failure has been shown to result from increased left ventricular stiffness, which in turn is caused by increased remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This increase in ECM remodeling is a result of AGE/RAGE signaling, which occurs at a heightened level in the cardiac fibroblast cells of diabetics. Studies have shown that diabetics have elevated levels of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-Products), which bind …
The Role Of Central Ace2 And Nrf2 In Sympatho-Excitation: Responses To Central Angiotensin Ii,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
The Role Of Central Ace2 And Nrf2 In Sympatho-Excitation: Responses To Central Angiotensin Ii, Anyun Ma
Theses & Dissertations
Sympatho-excitation is a key characteristic in cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and primary Hypertension (HTN). Evidence suggests that increased sympathetic tone is closely related to activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) in the central nervous system. An underlying mechanism for sympatho-excitation is thought to be oxidative stress resulting from Angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) activation. Over the past several decades, pharmacological targeting of components of the RAAS have been used as standard therapy in CHF and HTN. However, additional therapeutic strategies are necessary to control these diseases. Oxidative stress is regulated, in part, by the …
Preparation For An Half-Ironmantm Triathlon Amongst Amateur Athlete: Finishing Rate And Physiological Adaptation.,
2020
University du Québec à Montréal
Preparation For An Half-Ironmantm Triathlon Amongst Amateur Athlete: Finishing Rate And Physiological Adaptation., Francois Lalonde, Sarah-Maude Martin, Vincent Gosselin Boucher, Marc Gosselin, Mélanie Roch, Alain Steve Comtois
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 766-777, 2020. Long distance triathlon has gained in popularity amongst the general population. Coaches establish training programs based upon their knowledge, personal experience and on current training principles. The goal was to observe the effect of a triathlon training program for a half Ironman event in neophyte amateur athletes. A specific triathlon training program was followed from February to June 2016 by a group preparing for their first half ironman. Out of the 32 participants (19 Males and 13 Females; mean age of 39 ± 9.9 years old; body weight of 72.7 ± 13.4 …
Acute Capsaicin Analog Supplementation Improves 400 M And 3000 M Running Time-Trial Performance,
2020
Federal University of Piauí (UFPI)
Acute Capsaicin Analog Supplementation Improves 400 M And 3000 M Running Time-Trial Performance, Lasaro Albuquerque Costa, Marcelo Conrado De Freitas, Jason Cholewa, Fabio Nakamura, Valeria Panissa, Vilton Emanoel Lopes De Moura E Silva Vilton Emanoel Lopes De Moura E Silva, Alcione Maria B Sá, Priscila A. Queiroz, Sergio Luis Galan, Marcos Antonio P Santos, Nelo E. Zanchi, Fabio Santos Lira, Fabricio Eduardo Rossi
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 755-765, 2020. Objectives: Performance in running-based sport depends on the ability to perform repetitive high intensity muscle contractions. Previous studies have shown that capsaicin analog (CAP) (i.e. Capsiate) supplementation may improve this performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of CAP supplementation on short (400 m) and middle distance (3000 m) running time-trial performance, maximum heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods: Twelve physically active men completed four randomized, double-blind trials: CAP condition (12 mg) or a placebo condition. Forty-five minutes after supplementation, the participants performed …
Blood Glucose Levels Of Esports Athletes During High Intensity Gaming,
2020
University of Mississippi
Blood Glucose Levels Of Esports Athletes During High Intensity Gaming, Gunner Rhoden
Honors Theses
Given the rise in popularity of Esports, it is important to better understand the relationship between Esports and the human body. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood glucose levels and performance in Esports. Ten undergraduate students (9 male, 1 female; age = 20.3±1.2 years; BMI = 28.8±7.6; Esports mean hours per week = 18.9±14.3) were recruited from the Esports club at the University of Mississippi. Blood glucose levels were measured using a HemoCue Glucose 201 Analyzer (Angelhome, Sweden) a total of 8 times (4 per session). After the completion of an initial familiarization session, …
Effect Of Ambient Temperature On Recovery Of Surgically Instrumented Sprague-Dawley Rats,
2020
James Madison University
Effect Of Ambient Temperature On Recovery Of Surgically Instrumented Sprague-Dawley Rats, Gianna Mangone
Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current
Based on current guidelines for housing rodents after surgical instrumentation, rodents may be housed at temperatures that hinder surgical recovery and cause thermal stress– room temperature (21°C) being one of them. Rodents are often housed at room temperature since this temperature is easy for humans to be caring for them. However, if recovering rodents are thermally stressed, experimental results will be confounded. To address this issue, Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically instrumented with radiotelemtry thermoprobes (Data Sciences, #TA-10F40) to monitor their core temperatures, then housed at one of five temperatures to assess the effect ambient temperature had on multiple aspects of …
Characterizing The Role Of Β-Amylase3 In Cold Stress Response And Recovery In Arabidopsis Thaliana,
2020
James Madison University
Characterizing The Role Of Β-Amylase3 In Cold Stress Response And Recovery In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Isabelle G. Houston
Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current
Starch is a polymer of glucose that is used as an energy store in plants. Mobilization of starch has implications in abiotic stress survival and recovery. While the importance of carbon and energy allocation in plant survival has been explored, the specific roles of starch degrading enzymes in plant responses to stress are still unclear. β-Amylase3, or BAM3, is the principle starch degrading enzyme at night and is transcriptionally upregulated in response to cold stress in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using single and quadruple knockout mutant plants, I aimed to clarify the role of BAM3 in the response to …
Staff Training In Aquatics For Individuals With Disabilities: The Quest,
2020
Bowling Green State University
Staff Training In Aquatics For Individuals With Disabilities: The Quest, Susan J. Grosse
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Trained instructors in general programs have the ability and resources to initiate and follow through with developing water safe individuals who are capable swimmers. Specific staff training to prepare individuals to facilitate aquatic participation for individuals with disabilities is currently extremely limited. The purpose of this article is to examine the barriers to specialized staff training in aquatics for individuals with disabilities, to suggest necessary staff training content, and to propose topics for further research in the area of staff training. Seeking development of quality staff training programs for those working in aquatics for individuals with disabilities is the quest.
Muscle Oxygen Demands Of The Vastus Lateralis In Back And Front Squats,
2020
Sam Houston State University
Muscle Oxygen Demands Of The Vastus Lateralis In Back And Front Squats, Patrick R. Davis, John P. Yakel, Devin J.F. Anderson
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 734-743, 2020. In resistance training squats are often used to strengthen the muscles of the lower extremities and core muscles. There are two common forms of squats that use a barbell for loading, the back squat and the front squat. The technique and loading of each squat differ markedly. However, the energetic demands on the muscle between the two forms are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in energy demands between front and back squats by measuring the change in skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) …
Muscle Sentry® Has No Effect On Total Work Performed And Estimated Mvo2 After High Intensity Short Duration Resistance Training,
2020
Louisiana State Unversity
Muscle Sentry® Has No Effect On Total Work Performed And Estimated Mvo2 After High Intensity Short Duration Resistance Training, Junhai Xu, Tyler M. Farney, Arnold G. Nelson
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 744-754, 2020. Supplements are widely used in recreational and professional participants; however, their claimed benefits are hardly to test. This study compared the total lifted numbers and post-exercise estimated MVO2 while subjects were treated with either Muscle Sentry® (MS) or placebo (PL), in a 7-day washout period. Participants (11 women, 10 men, 20-24 years) performed 3 sets to failure chest and leg press exercises at 8 RM with 2 min rest between sets. Each exercise was performed four times (2 × MS, 2 × PL) at the same time of the day separated …
Mechanisms Of Statin Effects On Muscle And Neuronal Proteostasis,
2020
University of Connecticut
Mechanisms Of Statin Effects On Muscle And Neuronal Proteostasis, Daniel Yu
University Scholar Projects
Statins are widely prescribed and used chronically, but we know little about the effects on long-term protein homeostasis during stress and aging. Our aim was to quantify the effect of statins on stress-induced protein damage. We administered atorvastatin in a dose-response curve in Caenorhabditis elegans under naïve control conditions and in conditions of hypertonic and heat stress known to induce muscle damage measurable as countable puncta in a polyglutamine aggregation model of damage. We observed that there is significant polyglutamine aggregation variability among worms at baseline and thus further study requires within experiment baseline controls, per worm. Our results are …
Effects Of A Noni-Supplemented Diet On Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins And Stress Biomarkers In Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens,
2020
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Effects Of A Noni-Supplemented Diet On Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins And Stress Biomarkers In Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens, Guillermo Tellez
Poultry Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
Heat stress hampers gut health by impeding its ability to absorb nutrients which leads to a lower feed efficiency and sicker birds. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify mechanism-based strategies to alleviate these effects. Polynesian poultry farmers have been supplementing broiler feed with Morinda Citrifolia (Noni), a medicinal plant high in anti-oxidants, to address this problem. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Morinda Citrifolia (Noni)-supplementation on the expression of tight junction proteins. Male Broilers (Cobb 500, 3 wks, n=480) were subjected to 2 environmental conditions (TN, 24°C vs. HS, 35°C, 1 …
Unanticipated Stressful And Rewarding Experiences Engage The Same Prefrontal Cortex And Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations,
2020
University of Mississippi
Unanticipated Stressful And Rewarding Experiences Engage The Same Prefrontal Cortex And Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations, Alberto Del Arco, Junchol Park, Bita Moghaddam
Faculty and Student Publications
© 2020 Del Arco et al. Brain networks that mediate motivated behavior in the context of aversive and rewarding experiences involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neurons in both regions are activated by stress and reward, and by learned cues that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. Recent studies have proposed that separate neuronal populations and circuits in these regions encode learned aversive versus appetitive contexts. But how about the actual experience? Do the same or different PFC and VTA neurons encode unanticipated aversive and appetitive experiences? To address this, we recorded unit activity and local field …
Efficacy Of An Audio-Based Biofeedback Intervention To Modify Running Gait In Female Runners 2020,
2020
SUNY College Cortland
Efficacy Of An Audio-Based Biofeedback Intervention To Modify Running Gait In Female Runners 2020, Sarah Rothstein
Master's Theses
Introduction: Gait retraining interventions are used to modify foot strike parameters associated with musculoskeletal injuries. Such interventions may prove beneficial if gait modifications are maintained long-term and provide a physiological performance benefit. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether female recreational runners can use a smartphone decibel app to self-modify gait mechanics associated with injury. The secondary purpose was to determine if such gait modifications are retained beyond the initial training session. The tertiary purpose was to determine if such gait modifications were associated with improved running economy. Methods: The peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), …
The Autoimmune System: The Effect Of Physiological Stressors On Autoantibody Glycosylation And Fidelity Of Autoantibody Profiles,
2020
Rowan University
The Autoimmune System: The Effect Of Physiological Stressors On Autoantibody Glycosylation And Fidelity Of Autoantibody Profiles, Rahil Kheirkhah
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations
The presence of thousands of autoantibodies (aABs) in the human sera is typical, and therefore it is possible to identify an aAB profile for each individual. In the first part of this thesis, we will show the cerebrospinal fluid also exhibits an extraordinarily complex immunoglobulin G aAB profile that is composed of thousands of aABs. We show that the pattern of expression of individual aABs in CSF closely mimics that in the blood, indicative of a blood-based origin for CSF aABs. In addition, using longitudinal serum samples obtained over a span of nine years, we show remarkable stability in aAB …
The Acute Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction During Exercise,
2020
University of Lynchburg
The Acute Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction During Exercise, Madison Rechenberg
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate physiological response that is elicited when performing low-intensity resistance exercise in conjunction with blood flow restriction (BFR) compared to the physiological response that occurs as a result of heavy load non-BFR resistance exercise. Methods: Subjects (n=5) completed seated, incline leg press over three experimental trials. Two were BFR trials {B-60 [restriction set to 60% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and B-10 [10% AOP]} with a resistance load equal to 20% of one-repetition maximum resistance (1RM) (sets x reps, 1 x 30 plus 3 x 15), and one non-BFR trial at …
The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Intensity On Acute State Anxiety,
2020
University of Lynchburg
The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Intensity On Acute State Anxiety, Kathryn Vest
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects that varying aerobic exercise intensity levels have on acute state anxiety. Previous studies have shown contrasting results for the most beneficial exercise intensity when attempting to decrease state anxiety, and this study adds to the knowledge we have on this topic matter. In this experiment, participants completed two exercise sessions where they engaged in 10 minutes of aerobic activity on a treadmill. The exercise sessions tested one of two exercise intensities: light or vigorous. The intensity levels were achieved and monitored by calculating each subjects heart rate reserve and …
The Effect Of Attentional Focus Instructions On Single Leg Balance Performance 2020.,
2020
SUNY College Cortland
The Effect Of Attentional Focus Instructions On Single Leg Balance Performance 2020., Cory Monahan
Master's Theses
Balance and postural control exercises are often a part of exercise programs. During exercise programs, movement practitioners can provide instructions to facilitate performance and learning. Instructions can be used to direct attentional focus, which has been found to affect the performance and learning of motor skills, including balance and postural control tasks. However, no known studies to date have investigated the effect of both internal and external attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance as reflected by the …
