Physiology Commons^™

Physiological Responses To Repeated Running Sprint Ability Tests: A Systematic Review, Jérémie Charron, Juan Emmanuel Veliz-Garcia, Philippe Roy, Pierre-Marc Ferland, Alain Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1190-1205, 2020. The purpose of this study was to review acute physiological responses induced by repeated running sprint ability (RRSA) tests that could serve as references for practitioners utilising repeated sprints as a performance measure with athletes. This research was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The systematic search was conducted in November 2019 and yielded 26 different scientific articles. Only peer-reviewed full-text article were included as abstracts are too short to allow proper explanation of the RRSAT methodology that was employed. According to the present literature, practitioners should use the following assessments: the 6x40m …

Modulation Of Escherichia Coli Translation By The Specific Inactivation Of TrnaGly Under Oxidative Stress, Lorenzo Eugenio Leiva, Andrea Pincheira, Sara Elgamal, Sandra D. Kienast, Verónica Bravo, Johannes Leufken, Daniela Gutiérrez, Sebastian A. Leidel, Michael Ibba, Assaf Katz

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Bacterial oxidative stress responses are generally controlled by transcription factors that modulate the synthesis of RNAs with the aid of some sRNAs that control the stability, and in some cases the translation, of specific mRNAs. Here, we report that oxidative stress additionally leads to inactivation of tRNA^Gly in Escherichia coli, inducing a series of physiological changes. The observed inactivation of tRNA^Gly correlated with altered efficiency of translation of Gly codons, suggesting a possible mechanism of translational control of gene expression under oxidative stress. Changes in translation also depended on the availability of glycine, revealing a mechanism whereby bacteria …

Changes In Selected Physiological Parameters Following A Training Block Of Specific Circuit Training Among National Top-Level Basketball Players, Brigitte Affidéhomé Tonon, Polycarpe Nounagnon Gouthon, Issiako Bio Nigan, Romario Vankan Akpatchi, Basile Nouatin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 1156-1166, 2020. The study aims at measuring the effects of six weeks of specific circuit training (SCT) according to the 15-15 modality, on selected physiological parameters in national top-level basketball players. It was an intervention study, undertaken with 44 senior players randomly assigned to two groups depending on the program: intervention (IG: n = 22; SCT) and control (CG: n = 22; usual content of the defending champion team's), submitted to a six-week training block. The heart rate recovery at 1 (HRR1) and then 2 (HRR2) minutes, the double product (DP) and O_{2 …}

The Determinants Of Marathon Performance: An Observational Analysis Of Anthropometric, Pre-Race And In-Race Variables, Alison Keogh, Olwyn O'Connor Sheridan, Oisin Mccaffrey, Siofra Dunne, Alanna Lally, Cailbhe Doherty

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 1132-1142, 2020. Researchers investigating the determinants of marathon performance have previously focused on pre-race (e.g. training) or in-race (e.g. pacing) variables, but not both. This cross-sectional study, therefore, sought to elucidate the relationship between training behaviours, in-race pacing and anthropometric variables with eventual marathon finish time. A self-report questionnaire collecting athletes’ anthropometrics, training behaviours and recent race times was administered to 260 participants in the 2018 Dublin Marathon. Participants’ race numbers were cross referenced with in-race split times and finish times to determine their race performance. The accuracy or pragmatism of participants’ target finish …

Motivational Coaching Improves Intrinsic Motivation In Adult Fitness Program Participants, Victoria J. Gaesser, William M. Maakestad, Erik S. Hayes, Stephen J. Snyder

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 1167-1178, 2020. The purpose of this study was to measure intrinsic motivation following the implementation of motivational coaching strategies in a semester long personalized adult fitness program. Sixty individuals (40 female/ 20 male, age= 48 ± 15 yrs) participated as clients in an undergraduate exercise training program led by student trainers at Taylor University. The program took place during two consecutive semesters, therefore subject participation ranged from one to two semesters. In addition to personalized exercise prescription, student trainers implemented motivational strategies using a motivational coaching guide aimed at increasing individuals’ overall intrinsic motivation. …

The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (Scat5): Baseline Assessments In Ncaa Division I Collegiate Student-Athletes, Kyle M. Petit, Jennifer L. Savage, Abigail C. Bretzin, Morgan Anderson, Tracey Covassin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 1143-1155, 2020. The purpose of this study was to report baseline values for the SCAT5 in NCAA Division I collegiate student-athletes, while also evaluating if sex, health diagnoses, or sport type influenced baseline performance. A sample of 462 collegiate student-athletes (212 females, 250 males, (19.21±1.32 years)) completed the SCAT5 prior to the 2017-18, 2018-19 or 2019-20 athletic seasons. Descriptive statistics were reported for symptom total (22 possible), symptom severity (132 possible), orientation (5 possible), immediate memory (30 possible), concentration (5 possible), delayed recall (10 possible), total SAC score (50 possible), 3 mBESS stances (10 …

Body Composition, Metabolism And Inflammation In Breast Cancer Survivors And Healthy Age-Matched Controls: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Takudzwa A. Madzima, Caroline D. Deaterly

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 1108-1119, 2020. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) experience treatment induced alterations in body composition including the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and lean soft tissue (LST). These changes can affect the metabolism and the systemic inflammatory environment of BCS. Objective: To evaluate the differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and inflammation in BCS and age-matched women without a prior cancer diagnosis (control). Methods: Seventeen post-menopausal BCS (stages 0-III; age: 59 ± 9 years) and 18 (59 ± 6 years) controls had their total body and regional (lumbar spine, femur, and forearm) BMD, …

Wnt/_-Catenin Mediated Regulation Of Murine And Human Cardiac Electrophysiology And Arrhythmogenesis, Gang Li

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Cardiac arrhythmias affects millions of Americans and can lead to sudden cardiac death, accounting for more than 300,000 deaths annually. Despite the vast knowledge available for cardiac disease and associated arrhythmias, very few effective therapies exist. Current interventions include cardioverter defibrillators and antiarrhythmic drugs targeting ion channels or the _-adrenergic pathway. In most acquired and inherited arrhythmias, molecular signaling pathways are perturbed. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of how these signaling pathways regulate cardiac electrophysiology. Therefore, a better understanding of major signaling pathways governing cardiac development or dysregulated in cardiac disease could lead to novel therapeutics for …

Drosophila Model To Study Muscle Atrophy, Aaron Aghai

Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses

Muscle atrophy (MA) is a phenomenon of muscle mass loss due to accelerated protein degradation in muscle fibers. Some pathological conditions, such as chronic inflammation or cancer, induce accelerated MA, which complicates medical treatment, hampers recovery of fragile patients, and ultimately can be the cause of a patient’s death. To gain better control over MA, more information is required about the whole spectrum of genetic factors that can influence MA.

Drosophila provides an excellent platform for genetic screening, although it has somewhat limited utility for MA research since insect muscles lack the level of plasticity found in mammalian muscles. We …

Effects Of Mind–Body Exercises On Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Gao Xia Wei, Lin Yang, Kellie Imm, Paul D. Loprinzi, Lee Smith, Xiangyang Zhang, Qian Yu

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Wei, Yang, Imm, Loprinzi, Smith, Zhang and Yu. Background: Mind–body exercises (MBEs) have been widely accepted as a complementary therapy for the patients with low exercise tolerance. Currently, the number of experimental studies investigating the effect of MBEs for improving symptoms in people with schizophrenia is increasing. However, results are inconsistent. Methods: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of mind–body exercises on schizophrenia. Seven electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], CNKI and Wangfang) were screened through October 2019 and risks of bias of included studies were …

Near Simultaneous Laser Scanning Confocal And Atomic Force Microscopy (Conpokal) On Live Cells, Joree N. Sandin, Surya P. Aryal, Thomas E. Wilkop, Christopher I. Richards, Martha E. Grady

Physiology Faculty Publications

Techniques available for micro- and nano-scale mechanical characterization have exploded in the last few decades. From further development of the scanning and transmission electron microscope, to the invention of atomic force microscopy, and advances in fluorescent imaging, there have been substantial gains in technologies that enable the study of small materials. Conpokal is a portmanteau that combines confocal microscopy with atomic force microscopy (AFM), where a probe "pokes" the surface. Although each technique is extremely effective for the qualitative and/or quantitative image collection on their own, Conpokal provides the capability to test with blended fluorescence imaging and mechanical characterization. Designed …

The Role Of Spine In Causing Lameness In Horses, Raja Zabeeh Ullah Khan

International Programs

Lameness is one of the most important problems of horses. It influences all communities who keep horses. Recent studies have shown the significance of spinal muscles and vertebrae in inducing lameness in horses. The field has not been explored much and requires application of biomechanics to define the role of spine in inducing lameness in horses. This presentation highlights the importance of spine in inducing lameness in horses by relating the solution with biomechanics.

Considerations For Studying Sex As A Biological Variable In Spinal Cord Injury, Andrew N. Stewart, Steven M. Maclean, Arnold J. Stromberg, Jessica P. Whelan, William M. Bailey, John C. Gensel, Melinda E. Wilson

Physiology Faculty Publications

In response to NIH initiatives to investigate sex as a biological variable in preclinical animal studies, researchers have increased their focus on male and female differences in neurotrauma. Inclusion of both sexes when modeling neurotrauma is leading to the identification of novel areas for therapeutic and scientific exploitation. Here, we review the organizational and activational effects of sex hormones on recovery from injury and how these changes impact the long-term health of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. When determining how sex affects SCI it remains imperative to expand outcomes beyond locomotor recovery and consider other complications plaguing the quality of …

Long Qt Syndrome Type 2: Emerging Strategies For Correcting Class 2 Kcnh2 (Herg) Mutations And Identifying New Patients, Makoto Ono, Don E. Burgess, Elizabeth A. Schroder, Claude S. Elayi, Corey L. Anderson, Craig T. January, Bin Sun, Kalyan Immadisetty, Peter M. Kekenes-Huskey, Brian P. Delisle

Physiology Faculty Publications

Significant advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) have been made. A wide variety of experimental approaches, including heterologous expression of mutant ion channel proteins and the use of inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LQTS patients offer insights into etiology and new therapeutic strategies. This review briefly discusses the major molecular mechanisms underlying LQTS type 2 (LQT2), which is caused by loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the KCNH2 gene (also known as the human ether-à-go-go-related gene or hERG). Almost half of suspected LQT2-causing mutations are missense mutations, and functional studies …

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Sleep Quality In Adults With Primary Hypertension And Obesity Before And After An Aerobic Exercise Program: Exerdiet-Hta Study, Aitor Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza, Iñigo Mujika, Paul Loprinzi, Pablo Corres, Ilargi Gorostegi-Anduaga, Sara Maldonado-Martín

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: The purposes of the study were to: analyze, by objective (accelerometry) and subjective (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) methodologies, the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in healthy adults (HEALTHY, n = 30) and individuals with primary hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity (n = 218); assess the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep quality in the HTN group; and evaluate the relationship between objectively measured and subjectively reported PA and SB. Methods: The measurements were performed before a 16-week exercise intervention …

Impact Of Placement Of Fitbit Hr Under Laboratory And Free-Living Conditions, Hyun Chul Jung, Minsoo Kang, Nan Hee Lee, Soeun Jeon, Sukho Lee

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Wrist-worn activity monitors have become accessible for measuring physical activities, but an activity monitor's accuracy worn at different placements is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the differences in measurements of heart rates, step counts, and calories estimated from the fitness tracker worn at different locations and the accuracy of Fitbit HR against criterion measures. Thirty-two healthy adults participated in this study. Participants wore Fitbit HR at four different locations (right proximal, distal, and left proximal, distal). Treadmill exercise consisted of five 5-min phases including slow walking and jogging. Free-living activities involved ten …

Determinants Of The Carbon Footprint Of German Swimmers 2020., Ann-Marie Muehlbauer

Master's Theses

The current climate situation is placing our planet and future generations at risk, which demonstrates the urgency to combat climate change and conduct research to support this effort. Calculating the carbon footprint of active sport participation represents an important opportunity to conduct additional research. This study examined the environmental attitudes and practices of swim club members in Germany. The study had three goals: First, to calculate the total and partial carbon footprint of German swimmers; second, to understand how sport organizations induce participants to engage in pro-environmental behavior; and third, to analyze various factors associated with carbon footprint, such as …

Impacts Of Tourism On The Ecophysiology Of The Endangered Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana (Cyclura Cychlura), Alison C. Webb

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Increased interest in ecotourism over recent years has led to more direct human-animal interactions and a striking concomitant increase in the provisioning of non-natural food, that may have unintended consequences for the wildlife involved. The critically endangered Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana provides a valuable model to address the potential impact of food provisioning on health as there are populations that represent a graded variation in human presence, with sites experiencing high, low, or no tourism. To assess the potential impacts of tourism on iguana physiology I first reviewed the relevant literature on iguana physiology and then performed three investigations focusing …

Population Surveys And Health Assessments Of Captive And Free-Ranging Alligator Snapping Turtles, Samantha Louise Hannabass

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) have experienced range-wide declines primarily due to overharvest for the meat market and habitat degradation in the form of damming and channelization of rivers. Head-start programs and reintroduction efforts have been initiated to release individuals throughout their historic range. Before releasing Alligator Snapping Turtles, sites need to be assessed to determine the suitability of habitat, if there is a robust turtle community already present, and the causes of the original extirpation have been eliminated. I assessed the turtle communities and documented anthropogenic impacts (e.g. boat traffic) at nine possible reintroduction sites in southeastern …

Functional Training And Blood Flow Restriction: A Perspective View On The Integration Of Techniques, Marzo E. Da Silva-Grigoletto, Ezequias Pereira Neto, David George Behm, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira

Faculty and Student Publications

No abstract provided.