Physiology Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Plyometric Drills On Peak, Average And End Anaerobic Power In Trained And Untrained Individuals, Erik Oehler

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Understanding how to optimize training for every individual is the goal for all exercise specialists. The current study looked into the effects of plyometric development drills within differently trained populations on anaerobic peak power, average power, end power, and fatigue index. Purpose: This research was intended to explore the potential for untrained individuals to benefit positively from plyometric training in peak power, end power and average power proportionally equal to trained individuals. Methods: Participants were recruited both verbally and electronically. Recruited participants (n = 11, age = 21.3 ± 0.6 years, weight = 69.4 ± 15.0 kg, height = 170.3 …

Rapid Evolution Of Starvation Resistance In Drosophila: Physiological And Molecular Mechanisms, Austin Joseph Mckenna

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Gibbs lab has maintained starvation-selected Drosophila melanogaster for >130 generations. These starvation-selected flies evolved an obese phenotype with a suite of physiological differences compared to control-fed flies. Previous studies have shown that long-term starvation-selected Drosophila contain more lipids, have lower metabolic rates and develop more slowly than controls. This dissertation encompasses 1) Examining the molecular mechanisms contributing to starvation resistance, 2) Functional validation of the candidate plin1 allele, and 3) Rapid physiological and genomic evolution in starvation-selected Drosophila.

Starvation-selected Drosophila survive starvation conditions much longer than control-fed flies. This study took a simple approach to identify possible differences in …

Utilizing Breathing Techniques To Maximize Training Performance, Peyton Cater

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Anaerobic exercise causes metabolic acidosis to occur in the muscle, which is unfavorable for sustaining high intensity activity, as fatigue starts to set in. In order to compensate for the onset of fatigue produced by an acidic environment, respiratory alkalosis, induced by hyperventilation, can be performed to mitigate these effects. In contrast, research has shown that slowing down the breath rate, such as a two second inhale and three second exhale, has led to an increase in performance outcomes. Purpose: To investigate power output and the physiological responses after implementation of different breathing techniques during the recovery periods of intermittent …

Preliminary Study: Leucine Supplementation Exacerbates Muscle Wasting Independent Of The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, Katarina Bejarano

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cancer cachexia is the rapid, drastic loss of muscle mass associated with cancer and is not reversible by conventional nutritional means (Brown et al., 2018; Brown et al., 2017). It occurs in ~80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 20-40% of cancer-related deaths (Brown et al., 2018; Brown et al., 2017). This condition leaves patients with fatigue, functional impairment, reduced quality of life, and a decrease in survival rates. Cachexia occurs through an imbalance between protein degradation and protein synthesis (Brown et al., 2018), which is associated with inflammation and altered metabolic processes.

Several studies have investigated the effects …

The Effect Of Attentional Focus Instructions On Single Leg Balance Performance 2020., Cory Monahan

Master's Theses

Balance and postural control exercises are often a part of exercise programs. During exercise programs, movement practitioners can provide instructions to facilitate performance and learning. Instructions can be used to direct attentional focus, which has been found to affect the performance and learning of motor skills, including balance and postural control tasks. However, no known studies to date have investigated the effect of both internal and external attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance as reflected by the …

Effect Of Hyposaline Stress On Metabolic Rate Of The Invasive Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Hayley C. Hart

Honors Thesis

Climate change is predicted to decrease ocean salinity as the polar ice caps melt and the occurrence of precipitation events increases. Decreased ocean salinity (hyposalinity) may negatively impact marine invertebrates, especially marine mussels, as they are osmoconformers and their internal osmolarity depends on the solute concentration of their environment. Hyposalinity stress may influence cell function and alter mussel physiology. To compensate for the change in the environment, mussels may expend more energy to restore internal osmolarity, which can be assessed by quantifying metabolic rate. Thus, the purpose of our research was to examine the physiological response of Mytilus galloprovincialis, …

Wai Puna: An Indigenous Model Of Māori Water Safety And Health In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Chanel Phillips Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Māori (the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand) are intimately connected to wai (i.e., water) yet are overrepresented in New Zealand’s drowning statistics each year. On average Māori account for 20-24% of all preventable and non-preventable drowning fatalities, despite comprising only 15 percent of New Zealand’s population. Drowning remains a significant issue posing a threat to whānau (i.e., families) through premature death being imminent and whakapapa (i.e., genealogy) being interrupted. There is limited research that has examined Māori and indigenous understandings of water safety within the literature and limited studies that have investigated the issue of Māori drowning from a …

An Examination Of The Validity Of An Ios-Based Heart Rate And Pulse Oximetry App During And After Moderate Intensity Exercise, Nathan Grizenko, Rachel Shipman, Ian Cree, Mitchell Colvin

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Fitness tracking apps are popular. There is little data validating their use during and after exercise. PURPOSE: Validate an iOS-based pulse oximeter against a fingertip pulse oximeter and a Polar® heart rate monitor during moderate intensity exercise and recovery. METHODS: Age Estimated Maximal Heart Rate (AEMHR) was calculated for fifteen college-aged students. Participants completed a 30-minute running trial divided into three 10-minute segments intended to elicit heart rate responses of 60, 70, and 80% of AEMHR. Heart rate and oxygen saturation data were collected at five and nine minutes of each segment. RESULTS: At 60% the digiDoc® app exhibited a …

Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Ocean lifeguards have several responsibilities that require precise training. California State Parks is one of the largest providers of open water lifeguard services in the United States, and trains approximately 200 new lifeguards per year. As part of our lifeguard training section’s quality improvement efforts, we conducted a training needs assessment to help determine how well our introductory ocean lifeguard training curriculum prepared lifeguards to perform job related tasks upon successful completion of the training program. We surveyed both first year and seasoned lead lifeguards on operational needs, training gaps, and specific subject areas. We identified several areas where our …

Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetases, Miguel Angel Rubio Gomez, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an essential and universally distributed family of enzymes that plays a critical role in protein synthesis, pairing tRNAs with their cognate amino acids for decoding mRNAs according to the genetic code. Synthetases help to ensure accurate translation of the genetic code by using both highly accurate cognate substrate recognition and stringent proofreading of noncognate products. While alterations in the quality control mechanisms of synthetases are generally detrimental to cellular viability, recent studies suggest that in some instances such changes facilitate adaption to stress conditions. Beyond their central role in translation, synthetases are also emerging as key …

Inhibition Of Grk2, But Not Hsp90 Reduces Mitochondrial Superoxide And Improves Vasodilation Capacity Of Coronary Arterioles From Aged Female Rats, Michaela N Dukes, Evan P. Tracy B.S., Amanda Jo Leblanc Ph.D.

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

Introduction: In post-menopausal women, small coronary microvessel dysfunction is the predominant heart disease presentation.There is currently no single treatment to tackle the multifactorial etiology of micro vessel dysfunction including oxidative stress, hyper constricted state, endothelial dysfunction, and blunted beta-adrenergic function. In the heart, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the b-adrenergic receptor (bADR) investigated in this experiment, are active in mediating vessel contractility vasodilation to facilitate blood flow. The presence of GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), which inhibit bADRs, increase in old age and may mediate blunted capacity to vasodilate. Furthermore, GRK2 can be translocated to the mitochondria via heat shock …

Alcohol_Focused Drowning Prevention Campaigns: What Do We Know And What Should We Do Now?, Hannah Calverley, Lauren Petrass, Jennifer Blitvich

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Alcohol and drugs have been identified as key risk factors for youth (aged 15-24 years) and adult drownings in high-income countries (HIC). Whilst alcohol specific drowning prevention education programs have been developed and implemented, youth continue to be over-represented in drowning statistics, including those linked with alcohol. Therefore, this project aimed to: (i) review and assess all alcohol themed drowning prevention campaigns within HICs; (ii) determine whether the campaign had undergone evaluation for effectiveness; and (iii) provide recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future interventions. For each of the eighty-one HICs identified for the 2019 fiscal year, searches of peer-reviewed …

Socio-Ecological Nature Of Drowning In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Review To Inform Health Promotion Approaches, Muthia Cenderadewi, Richard Charles Franklin, Susan Devine

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Most deaths by drowning (91%) have occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Southeast Asia (35%) and Africa (20%), in proportion to total drowning deaths worldwide. Poor data collection in LMICs hinders the planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to review the rates and risk factors of unintentional drowning in LMICs and to identify drowning prevention strategies within a socio-ecological health promotion framework. A systematic search, guided by PRISMA, was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Informit health, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, SafetyLit, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central databases for all relevant studies …

Comparison Of High-Volume And High-Intensity Upper Body Resistance Training On Acute Neuromuscular Performance And Ratings Of Perceived Exertion, Bruno Victor Correia Da Silva, Daniella Bertulucci Terra Branco, Bernardo Neme Ide, Moacir Marocolo, Hiago Leandro R De Souza, Rhaí André Arriel E Oliveira, Dustin Jay Oranchuk, Gustavo R. Mota

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 723-733, 2020. The assessment of neuromuscular fatigue is important for minimizing the risks of nonfunctional overreaching, and monitoring training loads has rapidly grown in recent years. The objective of the study was to compare the acute upper body performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses to high-volume (HV) and high-intensity (HI) resistance-training loads. Sixteen young resistance-trained men (4 repetition maximum [RM] bench press = 105.8 ± 15.9 kg) were divided into two groups of eight subjects each that performed a HI (3 sets of 4RM with 180 s of rest), and a HV …

Determining Maod Using A Single Exhaustive Severe Intensity Test, Jose R. Valenzuela, Andrea E. Riojas, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 702-713, 2020. Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) provides a measure of anaerobic capacity. However, its measurement is a time-consuming process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a measure of anaerobic capacity that avoids contentious assumptions and demands of the MAOD method. Twelve women and eight men volunteered for the study and completed cycle ergometer tests that resulted in exhaustion after ~4 min and ~8 min. In each test, anaerobic capacity was determined as (i) the MAOD and (ii) the sum of the phosphocreatine and glycolytic contributions (PCr+glycolysis). MAOD was determined …

A Comparison Of Muscle Activation Among The Front Squat, Overhead Squat, Back Extension And Plank, David Bautista, Dustin Durke, Joshua A. Cotter, Kurt A. Escobar, Evan E. Schick

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 714-722, 2020. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activation of the scapula, leg, and trunk among the front squat (FS), overhead squat (OHS), back extension (BE) and plank (PL). Seven recreationally trained men (age: 28 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 92 ± 26.1 kg, height: 175 ± 5.3 cm, 3-RM front squat test: 125 ± 49.8 kg, 3-RM overhead squat test: 91 ± 15.5 kg) participated in this within-subject crossover design. Two isometric exercises (plank and Biering-Sorenson back extension) were also included for trunk musculature comparisons. Neuromuscular activitation of the …

The Implementation Of Exercise For Chronic Kidney Disease And Dialysis Patients, Syed Ahmad Rizvi

Honors College Theses

While commonly known to be the organ that helps with urine production within the human body, the kidney plays one of the most crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis. When establishing all of the roles the kidney has on keeping humans healthy, there is the question of how does the body cope when a patient is diagnosed with kidney failure. One of the more common treatment options that allows the body to continue to function without a kidney is by beginning a patient on a form of dialysis. However, as with any treatment, there will always be a list of side …

Characterization Of A Split-Nluc Assay For Monitoring Changes In Alpha-Synuclein Solubility In Living Cells, Baolong Truong

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Alpha-synuclein is the primary constituent of Lewy Bodies, protein aggregates associated with Parkinson’s Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Multiple Systems Dystrophy. Given the terminal nature of these synucleinopathies, the need for an assay that can report on alpha-synuclein aggregation levels in living systems is critical. Western blotting represents one potential approach to this problem; however, this technique can often be limited by selectivity of available antibodies and experimental reproducibility. Herein, we describe a novel luminescence-based assay capable of detecting alpha-synuclein solubility in bacterial cells. This platform can report on the influence of disease-relevant mutations and small molecules. Antibodies are …

Perceived And Heart Rate-Based Intensities During Self-Paced Walking: Magnitudes And Comparison, Jennah Flairty, Cory Scheadler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 677-688, 2020. There is limited research on self-paced walking and whether healthy individuals reach perceived exertion- (RPE) and/or heart rate- (HR) based moderate intensities. Study purpose was to determine if achieved RPE and HR intensities during a self-paced walk are of equivalent magnitude and whether they reach the recommended moderate-intensity. Thirty participants completed a 15-minute self-paced walk. RPE and HR were measured every two minutes; each measure was ranked by intensity. Wilcoxon matched pairs test revealed no significant difference between the mean ranked RPE and %HRmax (2.4 ± 0.9, 2.3 ± 1.0, respectively, p …

The Validity And Reliability Of The Mi Band Wearable Device For Measuring Steps And Heart Rate, Chloe Paradiso, Francisco Colino, Sam Liu

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 689-701, 2020. The study objectives were to 1) evaluate the criterion validity and reliability of the Mi Band 2 wearable activity monitor to measure steps during a six-minute walk test (6MWT), a treadmill walking test at various speed (1.28 km/h, 1.92 km/h, and 2.88 km/h) and a stair climbing test; 2) assess the validity and reliability of the monitor to measure heart rate during rest and exercise. Fourteen participants (females: n = 8; mean age ± SD: 23 ± 4.2) completed the study. The mean body mass index was 22 ± 3.6. The majority …