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Articles 2041 - 2070 of 9336

Full-Text Articles in International Relations

Targeted Sanctions Against Human Rights Violators: A Question Of Efficacy, Jennifer F. Dillard Nov 2022

Targeted Sanctions Against Human Rights Violators: A Question Of Efficacy, Jennifer F. Dillard

Honors College Theses

Human rights violations occur all too frequently, with authoritarian regimes at the forefront of abuses. Countries that respect human rights engage in various initiatives, one such example being targeted sanctions to try and stem the tide of human suffering at the hands of unscrupulous dictators. Currently, Uyghurs are victims of genocide in China, dissidents in countries such as Russia and Belarus are falsely imprisoned, and individuals in Saudi Arabia are persecuted and imprisoned solely for advocating for freedom of speech and equality for women. Each of these countries have been the subject of sanctions. This paper seeks to answer the …

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2015 Syrian Refugee Responses Based On The Strength Of Securitization Discourse, Jacob M. Decarli Oct 2022

2015 Syrian Refugee Responses Based On The Strength Of Securitization Discourse, Jacob M. Decarli

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

This paper seeks to answer the question: Why were policy responses to the 2015 Syrian refugee "crisis" so different in Germany and the UK? I argue that these policies were driven by public opinion about migrants and immigration. Germany adopted a more liberal migration policy because of higher approval for refugees entering the country. I argue that this is the result of the degree to which securitization discourse explains different public attitudes towards Syrian refugees in 2015. Specifically, I argue that the greater the strength of securitization discourse, the easier it is to implement restrictive immigration policy. This paper demonstrates …

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Efficacy Of The European Union And The United States' Sanctioning Of Russia In Response To Breaches Of Ukrainian Sovereignty, Alexej W. Latimer Oct 2022

Efficacy Of The European Union And The United States' Sanctioning Of Russia In Response To Breaches Of Ukrainian Sovereignty, Alexej W. Latimer

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

This research inquiry breaks down some of the intricacies of US and EU sanctions imposed on Russia following the breaches of Ukrainian sovereignty by the Kremlin in 2014. These sanctions are examined for their direct fiscal impacts and implicit efficacies as the result of specific policies. This paper seeks to identify nuanced characteristics of various sanctions and determine how sanction efficacy is tied to the classification under which the controlled product/good category is considred. This is just an initial record of observed patterns in sanctioning within a specific geopolitical realm. The paper was written in December 2021, and therefore prior …

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Jewish People In The German Far-Right: How Afd Is Pandering To Jews To Gain Legitimacy, Luca L. Zislin Oct 2022

Jewish People In The German Far-Right: How Afd Is Pandering To Jews To Gain Legitimacy, Luca L. Zislin

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

Despite the consistent rise of anti-Semitic attacks, Jewish people from across Germany are joining the far-right Alternative für Deutschland political party in increasing numbers. In 2018 a group of nineteen Jewish AfD members formed the JAfD, the Jewish division of the party, reflecting just how much Jewish support for the AfD is growing even as national and global Jewish organizations have branded the AfD as anti-Semitic. This growth comes as a shock considering incidents like AfD politician Wolfgang Gedeon’s denial of the Holocaust and accusations that numerous AfD politicians encourage extremist behavior. This paper examines the AfD’s official policy statements …

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Necessary Trade-Offs Or Two-Faced Hypocrisy: Normative Conflicts In Eu Policies, Florian Bochert Oct 2022

Necessary Trade-Offs Or Two-Faced Hypocrisy: Normative Conflicts In Eu Policies, Florian Bochert

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

The European Union (EU) often tries to present itself as a normative leader in both human rights protection and climate change prevention. However, since emission reductions sometimes require investments in solar panels that are produced using forced labor, these two norms can conflict with each other. Based on two case studies of EU policies on Israel-Palestine and North Africa, this article shows how conflicts between different norms are nothing new to the EU. In its policies on Israel-Palestine, the EU has had to balance its historical responsibility to Israel with its commitment to international law. In its policies on North …

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Table Of Contents Oct 2022

Table Of Contents

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

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List Of Abbreviations Oct 2022

List Of Abbreviations

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

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Foreword Oct 2022

Foreword

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

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The Holy See: An Institution Like No Other, Jace Bartz Oct 2022

The Holy See: An Institution Like No Other, Jace Bartz

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

This paper explores the Holy See’s role within the international order of states. Although viewed primarily as a religious institution, the Holy See’s position as a sovereign state and head of a religious body allows it to have a prominent voice on the world stage. I examine the IR theories of constructivism and realism in relation to the Holy See’s influence. This comparison illustrates how the Holy See can affect international action due to its emphasis on diplomacy and peace. I review the history and ability of the Holy See to implement a diplomatic approach to engage with states multilaterally …

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Lessons From European Energy Transition: Reality Or Green Dream?, Sky Berry-Weiss Oct 2022

Lessons From European Energy Transition: Reality Or Green Dream?, Sky Berry-Weiss

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

As a looming climate crisis continues to overwhelm the global community and Europe grips with fluctuating fossil fuel prices due to geopolitical tensions, the European Union appears to be rushing to forge a path to renewable energy to forgo dependence on nonrenewable energy sources. Decades ahead of the global community, the European Union has succeeded in its 2020 goals by increasing the share of renewable energy to 20% of overall consumption. Heading towards their strikingly ambitious goals for 2030, this great transition provides a case study that other states should be watching closely. This article analyzes the effects of several …

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Judging From Above: French Feminists & Their Influence On The Veil Debate, Emma Caroline Delapré Oct 2022

Judging From Above: French Feminists & Their Influence On The Veil Debate, Emma Caroline Delapré

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

Over the past two decades, the international community has found itself questioning France’s application of laïcité and the egalitarianism it supposedly ensures, particularly regarding veils associated with the Islamic faith. Integral to the face veil debate is the advocacy of French feminists, especially those who identify as pro-ban. Overarchingly, pro-ban feminists argue that the practice of wearing face veils or coverings undermines a French citizen’s obligation to foster cohesion in the public sphere through the acceptance of republican norms. This viewpoint informs the analysis of the state of social division in France undertaken here. The tools of analysis include a …

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From Franco's Nightmare To A Globalized Spain: A Cinematic Analysis, Claire Maurer Oct 2022

From Franco's Nightmare To A Globalized Spain: A Cinematic Analysis, Claire Maurer

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

Spain has had a long history of determining its own identity through successive regime changes, national crises and shifting international alliances. With Las Chicas de la Sexta Planta (Le Guay, 2011), Torremolinos 73 (Berger, 2003), Miente (De Ocampo, 2008) and The Way (Estévez, 2010) as a guide, I examine the distinctive characteristics of Spansh identity across three notable sections of its history: Francoist Spain (1939-1975), “free” Spain (1975-1986), and Spain as a member of the supranational European Union (EU) (1986-), or the European Economic Community (EEC) at that time. These films and time periods help to shed light on important …

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The Eu's Capacity To Lead The Transatlantic Alliance In Ai Regulation, Varun Roy, Vignesh Sreedhar Oct 2022

The Eu's Capacity To Lead The Transatlantic Alliance In Ai Regulation, Varun Roy, Vignesh Sreedhar

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

In the face of Chinese advances in AI in terms of technological prowess and influence, there has been a call for collaboration between the EU and the US to create a foundation for AI governance based on shared democratic beliefs. This paper maps out the EU, US, and Chinese approaches to AI development and regulation as we analyze the capacity of the US and EU to establish international standards for AI regulation through channels such as the TTC. As the EU rolled out a proportionate and risk-based approach to ensure stricter regulation for high-risk AI technologies, it laid the foundation …

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Integrated Or Excluded: The Effects Of French Integration Policies On Immigrant Communities From 2000 To 2020, Johanna N. Soleil Oct 2022

Integrated Or Excluded: The Effects Of French Integration Policies On Immigrant Communities From 2000 To 2020, Johanna N. Soleil

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

Few issues are as important to European politics as integration, though research into the actual effect of integration policies on immigrant communities is sparse in Europe and especially in France. This paper examines through the data available to researchers how immigrant communities compare to native populations in terms of cultural, health, and economic characteristics. To this end the paper is organized as follows: the first section introduces the French political context and the cultural attitude towards immigrants. Next, the various methods of analysis are presented, and each of the previously mentioned attributes is analyzed in the French context as well …

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Resetting Foreign Economic Relations : Part – Iii, Ishrat Husain Dr. Oct 2022

Resetting Foreign Economic Relations : Part – Iii, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

Gulf States: Pakistan has enjoyed very friendly relations with the Gulf States. The first generation of Emirates rulers were very favourably disposed towards Pakistan as they received a lot of cooperation in their journey towards the modernization of the country. Saudi Arabia and the UAE have absorbed a large number of Pakistani workers in their labour force and are the two top sources of remittances. The UAE is one of the major trading partners and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait suppliers of petroleum products and crude oil while Qatar has long-term contracts for LNG. These countries have been coming to Pakistan’s …

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The Global Implications Of Xi Jinping’S Formidable Power, Erika Simpson Oct 2022

The Global Implications Of Xi Jinping’S Formidable Power, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

This abstract examines recent developments within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, highlighting its trajectory towards enhanced surveillance capabilities and centralized control. The CCP's emphasis on maintaining internal stability and ideological purity, exemplified by Xi's consolidation of power and suppression of dissent, raises concerns about the party's commitment to political reform and economic openness. The narrative explores implications for China's domestic governance, international relations—particularly regarding Taiwan—and global technological competition. It argues that while China's economic prowess continues to expand, its increasingly authoritarian governance under Xi Jinping poses challenges to global norms and multilateral institutions. …

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Resetting Foreign Economic Relations : Part - Ii, Ishrat Husain Dr. Oct 2022

Resetting Foreign Economic Relations : Part - Ii, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

China: there are several areas where the ongoing cooperation between Pakistan and China should be continued but at least three areas need to be focused for accelerated implementation. These are: one, completion of ongoing projects under CPEC – addition of capacity to the national power grid by bringing the hydropower, renewable energy and coal projects to culmination. The ML1 Railway track has been pending approval and financing for several years and each year of delay adds to the logistical costs to the economy and fiscal deficit by absorbing the losses of Pakistan Railways operating an outdated system. The Gwadar Port …

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Resetting Foreign Economic Relations : Part I, Ishrat Husain Dr. Oct 2022

Resetting Foreign Economic Relations : Part I, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

The 2021 National Security Policy has made geo-economics its main pivot. It is therefore essential to look in a coherent and comprehensive manner how Pakistan’s economic relations with other nations should evolve to meet this objective. In designing foreign economic policy we should always keep in mind that such a policy would be a by-product of the country’s larger foreign and domestic economic policies. For example, if foreign policy with one particular country or group of countries is silent, ambivalent or agnostic then a foreign economic policy cannot be built upon strong economic cooperation with that country or group. Similarly, …

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Russia-Ukraine War Brings Nuclear Risk To Level Not Seen Since Cuban Missile Crisis, Erika Simpson Oct 2022

Russia-Ukraine War Brings Nuclear Risk To Level Not Seen Since Cuban Missile Crisis, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The current Russian-Ukraine crisis is marked by escalating tensions and heightened nuclear threats, reminiscent of Cold War anxieties. Vladimir Putin's strategic maneuvers, including partial mobilization and veiled nuclear warnings, underscore a perilous geopolitical standoff. The risk of nuclear use, potentially greater than during the Cuban missile crisis, looms amid fears that Russia might resort to tactical nuclear weapons. International responses, from stark warnings by Western leaders to diplomatic appeals from global powers like China and India, emphasize efforts to prevent catastrophic escalation. Amidst military developments and societal opposition within Russia, the crisis underscores the delicate balance between deterrence and conflict …

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Round Table (Part 2): Reflections & Questions, Sarah Federman Oct 2022

Round Table (Part 2): Reflections & Questions, Sarah Federman

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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Nestlé And The Right To Water, M’Ballou Yacine Sanogho Oct 2022

Nestlé And The Right To Water, M’Ballou Yacine Sanogho

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

Water scarcity is a significant social and environmental challenge that the world is facing today and which shows no sign of going away anytime soon. According to the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), “26% of the global population or 2.0 billion people lacked safely managed drinking water.” 2 According to the California’s Bureau of Reclamation, Water covers about 71% of the earth’s surface. 3 97% of the earth’s water is in the oceans. However, this water is too salty for drinking, crops, and most industrial uses, except for …

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Primitive Accumulation And Multinational Corporations: The Evolution Of Dispossession And Exploitation In The Rubber Industry, Matthew Rochat Oct 2022

Primitive Accumulation And Multinational Corporations: The Evolution Of Dispossession And Exploitation In The Rubber Industry, Matthew Rochat

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

I examine how the process of primitive accumulation has led to evolving forms of dispossession and exploitation carried out by multinational corporations in the rubber industry. After a brief review of relevant literature, I outline a novel analytical approach to multinational corporations engaged in natural resource extraction, referred to as the Parasitic Extraction Model. I then demonstrate this approach using three case studies. The first, Leopold II’s Congo, showcases the barbaric underpinnings of primitive accumulation in the rubber industry in its crudest form. The subsequent section shifts to the interwar period with Fordlândia in the Brazilian Amazon where I analyze …

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‘Xi Jinping Thought’: Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems And Military Modernization With Chinese Characteristics, Aiden Warren, Alek Hillas Oct 2022

‘Xi Jinping Thought’: Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems And Military Modernization With Chinese Characteristics, Aiden Warren, Alek Hillas

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

The article seeks to appraise Beijing’s military modernization and positions on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). In examining the rhetoric of Chinese policy makers through a qualitative analysis of relevant policy documents and Chinese statements, the article begins by evaluating the relationship between military modernization and the advancement of China’s innovation and civil- ‍military integration strategies in the Xi Jinping era. Secondly, the article considers, via an analysis of diplomatic statements, the context of Chinese discussions on LAWS under the framework of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW). The analysis proposes it is probable that China is seeking to …

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Shifting Geopolitics: Reimagining Globalization And Spatial Representation In The Post Covid-19 Era, Victoria H. Bergström Oct 2022

Shifting Geopolitics: Reimagining Globalization And Spatial Representation In The Post Covid-19 Era, Victoria H. Bergström

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

Abstract: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilisation of maps has been at the forefront. Maps have informed policymakers, governments, and citizens of the distribution and spread of the disease. Although these maps have been used for various purposes, from border closures to curfews, there is an inherent danger in this widespread usage. Aside from the intricacy of these spatial representations, these widely distributed representations encourage isolationism and the reconception of borders in an increasingly globalised world. Furthermore, new connectivities through digital means have created a potential solution to international exchanges amidst physical limitations. Nevertheless, elitism prevents the …

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Economic Interdependence And Conflict: An International Relations Theory Analysis, Sam M. Arkin Oct 2022

Economic Interdependence And Conflict: An International Relations Theory Analysis, Sam M. Arkin

Glatfelter Gazette

Theories of International Relations are constructed to help make sense of how power is divided amongst international actors. Three prominent theories: Realism, Liberalism, and Neo-Marxism, interpret international phenomena differently based on their assumptions about structures of global power. Economic interdependence is seen by each theory to impact who has power and how that power is maintained. These theories diverge in interpreting how economic interdependence impacts forms of conflict. These pieces do not interpret which theory is correct but work to emphasize the contextual foundations and analytical framework for how each theory perceives the entanglement of economic interdependence and conflict.

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United Nations Day Display, Ruby Blakesleay Oct 2022

United Nations Day Display, Ruby Blakesleay

Library Displays and Bibliographies

A bibliography created to accompany a display about United Nations Day in October 2022 at the Leatherby Libraries at Chapman University.

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Comparing The Scottish National Party (Snp) And The Basque Nationalist Party (Eaj-Pnv)’S Social Policies Towards Refugees And Asylum Seekers, Emily Woodruff Oct 2022

Comparing The Scottish National Party (Snp) And The Basque Nationalist Party (Eaj-Pnv)’S Social Policies Towards Refugees And Asylum Seekers, Emily Woodruff

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In 2022, countries and territories across Europe experienced a sharp increase in the number of people seeking asylum, mainly due to the war in Ukraine. Over 3,5000 Ukrainians have sought refuge in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) and as of July 2022, over 7,000 Ukrainians have sought refuge in Scotland (“3.587 refugiados de Ucrania”, 2022 and The Scottish Government, 2022). This increase is on top of the over 250,000 foreigners living in the BAC and the thousands of refugees already resettled throughout Scotland (Ikuspegi, Observatorio Vasco de Inmigración, 2022 and “Refugee resettlement”, 2022). Given the large number of refugees and …

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Evolving Swiss Neutrality: Foreign Policy, Identity, And A Changing World, Dan A. Cohen Oct 2022

Evolving Swiss Neutrality: Foreign Policy, Identity, And A Changing World, Dan A. Cohen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the minds of many, both within Switzerland and abroad, when one thinks of Switzerland one thinks neutrality, and often when one thinks neutrality one thinks Switzerland. It is perhaps for this reason that when Switzerland chose to sanction Russia much of the world was caught by surprise. Sensationalist newspapers were quick to jump to the conclusion that the age of Swiss neutrality is over. The government insists that there isn’t a kernel of truth in the matter. However, as is always the case, the truth is much more nuanced than either extreme. Using previous publications, current and historical data …

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What’S At “Steak”: The Drivers Of Deforestation In The Brazilian Amazon And Potential Multilateral Solutions, Soleil Gaylord Oct 2022

What’S At “Steak”: The Drivers Of Deforestation In The Brazilian Amazon And Potential Multilateral Solutions, Soleil Gaylord

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This paper examines the contemporary drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon and how multilateral solutions can be employed to bring forest loss to zero. Insights from the scholarly literature and five expert interviews allow a critical assessment of how the rise of unilateralism presents a novel threat to the Brazilian Legal Amazon and, by proxy, those relying on the region’s raw resources and ecosystem services. Integrating analyses of both Brazilian institutional structures and global environmental governance frameworks, this study examines the primary historical and contemporary factors driving accelerated deforestation rates observed under Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro. In identifying …

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Shifting Relations: How Spain And Morocco’S Bilateral Relationship Affects Violence At The Border, Elizabeth Driscoll Oct 2022

Shifting Relations: How Spain And Morocco’S Bilateral Relationship Affects Violence At The Border, Elizabeth Driscoll

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Morocco is a key transit country for many migrants trying to reach Europe, due to its shared land border with Spain, and Spain’s initiation into the European Union in 1986. Through informal interviews, current literature, Moroccan and Spanish news articles, and migrants’ stories, it can be seen that the changing bilateral relationship between Spain and Morocco creates violence at the border. Spain and Morocco’s unequal relationship is built upon economic dependency and colonialization. Spain wants to control Ceuta and Melilla border, the physical representation of “othering,” to cling to its “superior” identity, while Morocco hopes to further develop its economy …

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