International Economics Commons^™

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from balance sheets and financial statements, which are primarily designed for legal and administrative purposes rather than economic analysis. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities and the summary trial balance as benchmarks. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without major reclassifications or rearrangements. The consolidation of accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks produces monetary survey accounts. Deposit money banks are highly prone to volatility and fragility, making them subject to regulations and …

Performance Management Of Employment Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

A Historical, Theoretical, And Empirical Study Of Ppp Using Traditional And Alternative Methodologies, Kerry E. Clendenon

Economics Theses & Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Competition Law And International Trade: The European Union And The Neo-Liberal Factor, David J. Gerber

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Labor Market Adjustment In Europe, Japan, And The United States, Susan N. Houseman

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from balance sheets and financial statistics, which are designed for various logistical and administrative requirements rather than economic analysis. Final data compilation involves aggregating the financial system's accounts to discern macroeconomic tendencies. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities (BANKOS 324) as a benchmark and the summary trial balance (BANKOS 302) as a source for detailed information. The Financial Statistics Office consolidates the accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks, producing monetary survey accounts. Deposit money banks are …

Ua68/2 Intercambio Internacional, Vol. Xiii, No. 2, Wku Latin American Studies

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by WKU Latin American Studies program regarding science, politics and economic advances in Latin America as well as cooperative projects between WKU and universities across Latin America. The newsletter is written in both English and Spanish.

Is The Transition Of The National Currencies Into A Single European Currency Under The Conditions Of The Maastricht Treaty Realistic?, Delphine Contoz

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

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The Role Of The Republic Of China In The World Economy, Chu-Yuan Cheng

Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies

No abstract provided.

The European Bank For Reconstruction And Development: Legal And Policy Issues, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Trade + Xr, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A. (1995, July 6). Summary of my XR theory (xrsum495.wpd) [Unpublished manuscript].

Pasinetti Correspondence, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1995, December 19). Letter to Luigi Pasinetti regarding absolute versus comparative advantage and relative unit labor costs [Unpublished letter].

• Pasinetti, L. (1995, July 25). Letter to Anwar Shaikh discussing his analysis and the principle of comparative advantage [Unpublished letter].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Letter to Luigi Pasinetti comparing their arguments on international trade, absolute advantage, and the balance of trade [Unpublished letter].

• Pasinetti, L. (1995, February 14). Letter to Anwar Shaikh regarding papers on exchange rates, comparative costs, and free trade [Unpublished letter].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1995, July 11). …

Assisting Workers Displaced By Structural Change: An International Perspective, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

Leigh begins by providing a summary of the evolution of labor market programs in seven industrialized countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the U.S. He points out that a number of these nations are dealing with long-term unemployment by linking unemployment insurance benefits to participation in labor market programs, and that this is a requirement U.S. policy makers should examine closely. Leigh also performs informal cross-country evaluations of these countries' programs,focusing on policies he feels merit attention. A three-level active labor market program is then proposed for the U.S.

The Stabilization And Structural Adjustment Procedures Of The International Monetary Fund And The World Bank, Douglas A. Reznick

Masters Theses

The IMF and the World Bank began to attach structural adjustment restrictions to many of their loans to developing countries in the early 1980s. Some of these restrictions are not based on solid economic ground and are, in many cases not effective in improving the economic standing of the countries that receive loans. In addition, there was also a misdiagnosis of the problems that occurred in the underdeveloped countries of the world. Under the IMF/World Bank paradigm, the difficulties that most underdeveloped countries experienced were due to internal distortions and non-effective development strategies. Evidence to the contrary shows that many …

Article Clipped From The New York Times, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection contains:

The newspaper article The Wounded Giants of Japan by Sheryl WuDunn, published in The New York Times on November 24, 1995.

Trade And Wages: Choosing Among Alternative Explanations, Jagdish N. Bhagwati

Faculty Scholarship

The decline in unskilled workers’ real wages during the 1980s in the United States and the increase in their unemployment in Europe (due to the comparative inflexibility of European labor markets vis-à-vis those in the United States) have prompted a search for possible explanations. This search has become more acute with the evidence that the adverse trend for the unskilled has not been mitigated during the 1990s to date.

A favored explanation, indeed the haunting fear, of the unions and of many policymakers is that international trade is a principal source of the pressures that translate into wage decline and/or …

Three Monographs: International Monetary Fund; Treasury Systems; Military Conscription And Conscientious Objection, John Sondey

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

No abstract provided.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from various documents, such as balance sheets and financial statements, to meet legal and administrative requirements rather than economic analysis needs. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities and the summary trial balance as benchmarks. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without major reclassifications or rearrangements. Monetary survey accounts are produced by consolidating accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks. Monthly interest rate returns are used to compute weighted average lending and deposit interest …

Ua68/2 Intercambio Internacional, Vol. Xiii, No. 1, Wku Latin American Studies

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by WKU Latin American Studies program regarding science, politics and economic advances in Latin America as well as cooperative projects between WKU and universities across Latin America. The newsletter is written in both English and Spanish.

Allocation And Management Of Foreign Exchange: The Nigerian Experience., O. K. Anifowose

Bullion

This paper intends to discuss and review the various strategies adopted in the management of Nigeria's foreign exchange resources. Part I of the paper reviews the systems adopted before SAP (Structural Adjustment Programme) period as well as those practised from SAP to end of 1993. Part ll considers in broad terms the 1994 foreign exchange resource management policies. While Part lll describes the foreign exchange allocative mechanism adopted in 1994. Finally, part lV provides the summary and conclusion of the paper.

Sources And Management Of External Reserves In Nigeria., Newman C. Oputa

Bullion

Reserves are all those foreign assets of a country held by the monetary authorities which can be mobilized at period of external imbalances with else and certainty. External reserves are held in the form of "earning assets" notably government's foreign security or in the form of "non earning" liquid assets like gold bars in the vault of Central Banks. ln Nigeria the composition of the extremal reserve consists of gold, IMF reserve tranche, Special Drawing Rights (SDRS) and convertible currencies, The major sources of extremal reserves are derivable from the components of foreign exchange inflows which include: receipt from petroleum, …

Capturing The Impacts Of North American Free Trade Agreement On South Dakota's Economy, Bashir Qasmi, Scott Fausti

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

In August 1992, representatives of Canada, Mexico, and the United States concluded their negotiations of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The treaty has been subsequently signed and ratified by all three countries. As of January 1, 1994, NAFTA created the largest free trade area in the world, with more than 360 million people and a combined gross domestic product of roughly $6.5 trillion (in U.S. dollars). A comparison of NAFTA with the European Union (EU) is provided in appendix A. NAFTA essentially lifts trade barriers between Mexico, Canada, and the United States. At the time of signing of …

The Effect Of Joint-Product Export Smuggling On Export Tax Policy, Scott Fausti

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

This paper analyzes the effect of joint-product export smuggling on the revenue-maximizing export tax rate and tax revenue collection under the small country assumption. The results indicate that the effect of introducing joint product export smuggling is dependent on whether legal and illegal exports are considered a substitutable or complementary activity for the exporting firm. The results of the model are applied to the issue of cigarette smuggling in the United States. The paper concludes that if legal and illegal interstate trade in cigarettes are substitutable activities for firms in the wholesale and retail tobacco industry, then states levying relatively …

Ua68/2/1 Intercambio Internacional, Vol. Xii, No. 2, Wku Latin American Studies

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by WKU Latin American Studies program regarding science, politics and economic advances in Latin America as well as cooperative projects between WKU and universities across Latin America. The newsletter is written in both English and Spanish.

Economic Development And Trade Liberalization: The Indonesian Experience, Scott Fausti, Rony Bishry

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

From 1950 to 1965, Indonesia followed an import substitution industrialization development strategy. From 1966 to the present, Indonesia has moved toward an export oriented development strategy. This paper tests the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin- Samuelson (HOS) model of international trade by comparing Indonesia's economic performance under two contrasting development strategies. The paper concludes that Indonesia's economic performance under the opposing development strategies supports the predictions of the HOS model. Furthermore, the Indonesian experience under the two development strategies supports the "trade as an engine of growth" hypothesis.

Production Uncertainty, Enforcement And Smuggling: A Stochastic Model, Scott Fausti

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

This paper merges the existing smuggling literature with the literature concerning competitive firm behavior under uncertainty. A stochastic, joint product, model of smuggling is developed. The model introduces production uncertainty, generated by enforcement activity, into a Pitt (1981) type of smuggling production function. This modelling technique allows the trade pattern and welfare results which evolve under smuggling with uncertainty to be compared to smuggling in a world of certainty. It is demonstrated that mere presence of uncertainty increases the real resource cost associated with smuggling, reduces legal and illegal trade, and welfare, when compared to smuggling in a world of …

Cartels In An "Nth-Best" World: The Wholesale Foodstuff Trade In Ibadan, Nigeria, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Margaret E. Luttrell

Economics Faculty Research

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the economic functions and associated welfare implications of the cooperative associations that dominate the wholesale trade in two staple foods. Questionnaire responses lead to several conclusions. Individual traders face incomplete markets, imperfect information, and little government-provided institutional and physical infrastructure. The associations are sophisticated "Coase-like" responses to this market environment: they focus on reducing their members' transaction costs, and hence the marginal private costs of trading. Thus it is likely that these associations enhance efficiency. We conclude with a critique of current government policy with respect to this trade.

Policy Perspectives And Future Directions: A View From A Former U.S. Trade Representative, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Tom Donahue expressed very well where we as a nation and we as a world should go on the worker rights issue. I'm going to spend most of my time focusing on how we get there, if we really want to accomplish something. Many countries would prefer not to have worker rights in the GATT at all. When we went to Punta del Este in 1986 to begin the Uruguay Round, the United States was a minority of one in trying to get the worker rights issue on the agenda in any way, shape, or form.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1994, Nigeria faced economic challenges such as declining GDP growth, inflation, and a weakened external sector due to expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, political unrest, and labor issues. Despite this, the global economy saw stronger recovery in industrialized countries and developing regions like Asia and Latin America. The Nigerian economy struggled with slow growth, manufacturing decline, rising inflation, large budget deficit, and weakened external sector performance. Efforts to stabilize the exchange rate were hindered by differences between official and unofficial market rates. Internationally, there were improvements in the world economy with higher growth rates in developed and developing countries. …

The Political Economy Of International Organizations And The New World Order: North-South Relations From A Southern Perspective, Alaadin M. Elgendy

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.