International Economics Commons^™

External Financing, Governance, And Infrastructure Development: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa, Afees Oluwashina Noah, Oladipo Olalekan David

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires diversified financing strategies to address a significant funding shortfall that cannot be met by domestic resources alone. This research evaluates the contributions of external financing—namely Official Development Assistance (ODA), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI)—in complementing domestic efforts to advance infrastructure in SSA. It examines their influence, alongside governance, on the development of physical and social infrastructure components. Employing methodologies such as Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) and System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) across 43 SSA economies from 2000 to 2022, the analysis reveals that FDI substantially enhances physical …

Effects Of Monetary Policy On Economic Growth: Evidence From Some Developing And Developed Economies, Collins Anosike

Journal of Global Awareness

The study examined the effects of monetary policy on the economic growth of some developing and developed economies. This study selected 33 countries grouped into 11 each as first-group, second-group, and third-group countries and showed how monetary policy has influenced their economic growth in the past 40 years, capturing the economic growth performances before and after the global financial crisis. This study is unique because it captures a broader range of countries compared to previous studies, uses updated data, and shows how monetary policy is transmitted through bank lending and financial intermediation. Furthermore, we use panel data and employ fixed …

Brexit And The Spillover Phenomenon: Scotland, Northern Ireland, And Gibraltar, Timea Varga

Journal of Global Awareness

In my research, I examined the consequences of Brexit and the spillover phenomenon. Even though the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 December 2020 with a deal, the resulting challenges are not solved at all in 2024 either – Brexit has brought to the surface such conflicts that London considered dealt with a long time ago. However, questions of autonomy and independence are not so easy to resolve; they have their roots in history, and in this uncertain situation, they came to the fore again.

Northern Ireland, Gibraltar, and Scotland have always meant sources of conflict for the …

Letter From The Editor, Jay Nathan

Journal of Global Awareness

No abstract provided.

Role Of Greenfield Investment, Institutional Quality, And Economic Activities On Environmental Performance In Belt & Road Initiative Countries, Jamal Hussain, Sajid Hassan

CBER Conference

Researchers have produced varying conclusions on the matter of coexistence of economic activities with the protection or improvement of environmental performance. This study investigates the association between greenfield investments, economic activity, institutional quality, and environmental performance in Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2003 to 2022. Yale University's Environmental Performance Index (EPI) assesses environmental performance. Advanced second-generation econometrics estimation approaches address concerns like cross-sectional dependence, potential endogeneity, and heterogeneity. Further analysis is employed across four income-level sub-panels: lowincome (LI), lower-middle-income (LMI), upper-middle-income (UMI), and high-income (HI) countries, covering the years 2003 to 2021 to validate reliability and consistency. This …

Perceived Problem, Partnership, And Training Effect On Productivity And Export: Evidence From Micro And Small Manufacturing Firms In Indonesia, Rifai Afin

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The primary objectives of this study are threefold: first, to investigate whether the challenges faced by micro and small industries motivate them to enter into partnerships; second, to assess the impact of partnerships on company productivity; and third, to explore the causal relationship between productivity and exports. We aim to determine whether productivity influences exports and vice versa or if a two-way relationship exists. The data used in this study consists of annual survey data from micro and small manufacturing companies, randomly collected by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2015, with a total sample of 58,290 observations. The methodologies …

Striking A Balance: Market Shock & Responses In Automotive Components Manufacturing, Emma Lane Mcgahey

All Theses

This thesis examines the effects of extreme market shocks on supply chain dynamics within the automotive industry. Through an analysis of demand data from an automotive manufacturer to its component suppliers (January 2018 to May 2024), the study investigates the relationship between market shocks and supply chain responses, providing insights into how auto components inventory management handles downstream responses to market shocks. With supporting public data—from FRED, BLS, and the U.S. Census Bureau resources—we explore two primary relationships: the impact of market shocks on the Average Standard Deviation of Demand (SDO) and the effect of demand variability on expedited pricing …

How The European Union Should Respond To Trump's Tariffs, Ignacio García Bercero, Petros C. Mavroidis, André Sapir

Faculty Scholarship

President-elect Trump has threatened to increase United States tariffs to 60 percent on imports from China and 10 percent to 20 percent on imports from other trading partners, including the European Union. In doing so the US would be ignoring its World Trade Organisation commitments and would also rollback the substantial liberalisation that has taken place during the past 80 years, with a potentially major negative impact on the world economy.

In response to this threat, the EU should pursue a three-pronged strategy.

First, the EU should engage bilaterally with the US to seek to avoid the imposition of tariffs. …

Intellectual Property, Global Inequality, And Subnational Policy Variations, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter criticizes the oversimplification of the binary North–South debate on intellectual property, innovation, and global inequality and highlights the wide geographic, sectoral, and income inequalities within middle-income countries. It begins by explaining why the arrival of these countries has called into question the North–South debate. The chapter then moves from the widely studied subject of global inequality to the underexplored topic of national inequality. Focusing on the intellectual property context, the discussion highlights the considerable subnational variations in the economic and technological conditions of middle-income countries. To combat national inequality, this chapter concludes by recommending interventions in three areas: …

Evaluating India’S Fdi As A Nonparticipant In The Belt And Roadinitiative: Synthetic Control Method Analysis, Eman Elish, Hossameldin Ahmed Dr

Economics

Purpose

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was launched in 2013 and implemented the following year, marking 11 years since its inception. During this time, numerous research papers have been published that analyse the initiative’s objectives, targets and potential outcomes. This study aims to assess India’s resilience in joining the BRI by examining its net foreign direct investment (FDI) compared to a counterfactual scenario involving participation in the initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

The synthetic control method (SCM) will be used using a panel of 27 countries from 1990 to 2021.

Findings

The findings reveal that India’s FDI trajectory has decreased compared to …

Covid-19 Pandemic And Ghana’S Economy: A Deep Dive Into Economic Indicators, Williams Kwasi Peprah, Isaac Anowuo [email protected], Ebenezer Owusu-Yeboah, Daniel Adofo Kwakye Ameyaw, Lucile Sabas

Faculty Publications

The study presents an in-depth analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on Ghana’s gross domestic product (GDP), balance of payments and international investment position (BPM6), and inflation (INFL). Employing a pre-and post-COVID-19 comparison (2017-2022) through repeated measures ANOVA and tests of between-subject effects, it investigates whether the government’s economic performance was significantly impacted. Key findings show a notable decrease in GDP and BPM6, alongside a major increase in inflation rates post-pandemic. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic had a statistically significant impact on Ghana’s economic performance in terms of GDP and BPM6, but not inflation. Recommendations include implementing economic …

The Rise And Fall Of Caribbean Piracy: A Socio-Technical Analysis Of The War Of Spanish Succession, Maritime Innovation, And Edward Randolf’S Policy, Dominique M. Salinski

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This paper argues that the mode and historical context in which piracy ascended in the Caribbean after the War of the Spanish Succession, as well as the historical interrelation between maritime technology and pirate tactics, coalesced into a diachronic Damocles Sword that resulted in the downfall of piracy in the Golden Age. Sanctioning piratical enterprises as a subconventional maritime strategy displayed a geopolitical reliance on piracy by great powers. However, the depraved treatment conventional sailors received across all major European navies generated a social stratum that eventually bore the Golden Age of Piracy, while simultaneously contributing significantly to British naval …

Migration Shocks And Economic Redistribution: The Case Of Return Migration To Mexico, Daniel E. Clayton, Jose R. Bucheli, Matias Fontenla

Hunt Institute Working Paper Series

This paper examines the effects of return migration on inequality, poverty, and income in Mexico, using a reversal in the migration flow in the late 2000s. For the first time since the Great Depression, more migrants returned to Mexico than those who migrated to the United States. We use this return migration shock to construct a two-period panel for municipalities in Mexico and employ an instrumental variable approach using the exogenous variation of U.S. immigration enforcement policies. Our results show that return migration significantly reduced inequality and poverty while boosting income per capita. These effects appear most pronounced municipalities with …

Two Essays On Institution, Innovation And Trade In China, Cong Nie

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

The relationship between innovation and economic activity is intricately intertwined. This thesis provides an in-depth study of the causal effect of international patenting on exports and, in turn, investigates the impacts of the anti-corruption campaign on innovation. It is organized into two chapters. The first chapter of the thesis examines the implications of international patenting on the export performance of Chinese exporting firms from 2000 to 2016. Based on 289,416 international patents that Chinese residents file in other national or regional patent offices, obtained from the Google Patent Database, we map them to domestic patented exporting firms using the priority …

(Trade) War And Peace: How To Impose International Trade Sanctions, Gustavo De Souza, Naiyuan Hu, Haishi Li, Yuan Mei

Research Collection School Of Economics

What is the most cost-efficient way to impose trade sanctions against Russia? We build a quantitative model of international trade with input–output connections. Sanctioning countries choose import tariffs to simultaneously maximize their income and minimize Russia's income, with different weights placed on these objectives. We find, first, that for countries with low willingness to pay for sanctions against Russia, the most cost-efficient sanction is an approximately 20% tariff on all Russian products. Second, if countries are willing to pay at least US$0.70 for each US$1 drop in Russian welfare, an embargo on Russia's mining and energy products is the most …

Financial Crises, Bailouts And Monetary Policy In Open Economies, Yang Jiao

Research Collection School Of Economics

I jointly study the optimal bailout policy and monetary policy in open economies that borrow in foreign currency from international lenders. A policy dilemma emerges during financial crises. Policymakers trade off the benefit of more bailouts alleviating firms’ financial constraints against the cost of larger currency devaluation, which tightens firms’ financial constraints. I embed the optimal bailout in an otherwise standard “sudden stop” model with nominal rigidities. The model sheds light on the role of bailouts and currency mismatch in driving the exchange rate dynamics, firms’ balance sheets and economic recovery. Quantitatively, the model matches key business cycle moments. A …

Several Us Trade ‘Deals’ Later, There Are Still More Questions Than Answers, Locknie Hsu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

For ASEAN countries, the immediate question is not whether United States President Donald Trump’s tariffs are legal but how to get greater clarity about trade agreements, says SMU law professor Locknie Hsu.

Driving Green Investments To Address Climate Change, Baptiste Gibrat

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

The climate crisis is no longer news, and society needs to accelerate the transition to net zero emissions. Otherwise, the consequences of climate change will become increasingly catastrophic.

This thesis develops a framework to drive green investments, which reduce society’s dependance on fossil fuels. Initially, the research provides a comprehensive examination of these investments, followed by an exploration of three strategies to enhance their adoption: leveraging financial instruments and capital markets, implementing regulatory frameworks, and harnessing the power of technologies. To integrate these elements within a comprehensive framework, the study employs market research, reviews relevant literature, and includes interviews with …

How Clientelism Works: Evidence From The Barinas Special Election, Francisco Rodríguez

Global and Public Affairs: Faculty Scholarship

Do politicians target the benefits of social programs to party loyalists or to swing voters? Traditional tests of this question are clouded by an identification problem caused by the simultaneity of politician and voter choices to participate in the exchange of assistance for votes. I use the holding of an unanticipated repeat gubernatorial election in the Venezuelan state of Barinas in 2022 as a natural experiment to identify the effects of elections on the distribution of government assistance. I estimate that the holding of the election led to an increase in the probability of voters in Barinas receiving food packages …

How Are Global Trade Relationships Affected By Western Sanctions?, Colin A. Martinez

All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects, Fall 2023 to Present

Do sanctions actually have an impact on their intended targets? This paper seeks to fill a gap in the existing literature on the effectiveness of sanctions by measuring potential impacts on the trade relationships of targeted states after the imposition of sanctions. To do so, it turns to a comprehensive dataset that combines all trade and sanctions data for each of 229 states, arranged in 23,132 dyads, from 2000 through 2019. It then examines 792 regressions using a hybrid fixed effects difference-in-difference model applied to twelve different types of sanctions, differentiated by the sanctioning state’s membership in certain groups of …

A Cross-Country Analysis Of China’S Belt And Road Initiative, Leah Shoff

International Studies (MA) Theses

China established The Belt and Road Initiative in 2013 to unite the global economy as well as bolter their own political and economic interests. Though the initiative is relatively new, it is important to understand how the Belt and Road Initiative could impact the global economy. This program is open to any country in the world that seeks to improve its infrastructure. However, critics of China’s proposal have questioned whether countries participating in the program gain economically. Through evaluating the relationship between GDP, time, and other significant data provided by the IMF, a cross-country comparison between Pakistan and the Philippines …

Energy Security Of Ukraine: External Threats From The Russian Federation, Valeriia Lymar

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

A country’s energy security is an important component of its overall national security, as energy supply is essential for the functioning of its national economy and the livelihoods of its population. The purpose of this research is to develop practical tools for analyzing the condition of Ukraine’s energy sector, and to provide practical recommendations for potential development and integration into the single European energy system. The practical value of the research findings is that the SWOT-analysis (Strengths – Weakness – Opportunities – Troubles) of the energy sector of Ukraine which makes it possible to identify the most acute problems and …

Why Does Multilateral Cooperation Vary Across Issue Areas? Trade Versus Foreign Direct Investment, Imran Khan

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Why does multilateral cooperation sometimes fail to emerge, even in contexts where multilateral cooperation would be more beneficial for all parties than bilateral cooperation? To explore this puzzle, a generalization of the stag-hunt game is developed. The key finding from the analysis of this “stag-elephant” hunt game is that because pursuing multilateral cooperation is a riskier strategy due to the need for a larger number of players to cooperate to achieve it, multilateral cooperation can fail to emerge even when the payoffs from multilateral cooperation substantially exceed those of bilateral cooperation. To instantiate the central argument, I have selected the …

Trade Imbalance, Heavy Goods, And Pollution, Jungho Lee, Shang-Jin Wei, Jianhuan Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

We propose a new welfare effect of trade surplus. Guided by insight from several fields in economics, we provide evidence that an increase in a country's trade surplus alters the unit shipping costs for its trade and the composition of its imports in ways that induce more pollution in the country in equilibrium. This new form of welfare loss of trade imbalance has not been accounted for in the existing international economics literature

Capital Flows And Corruption On Southeast And East Asia’S Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis, Tithvitou Teng

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the role of capital flows both from internal and external sources on economic growth, as well as the main social obstacle factor to growth, corruption. The paper attains this by conducting panel data analysis for Southeast and East Asian countries from 2005-2022. Sources of capital flows are divided into external sources, i.e. foreign direct investment (FDI) and personal remittance, and internal sources, i.e. domestic bank credit and stock market capitalization. The results show that corruption hinders economic growth and only some sources of capital have a positive impact on the economy while the effect of other sources …

Hosting Mega Events Impact On Gdp Growth: A Panel Data Analysis, Silas Pearce

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the impact of hosting “mega events” such as the Olympics on a country’s GDP growth. The study incorporates information on the country’s factors of economic development. Spillovers will be modeled through the state of the global economy by using controls such as countries that did not host mega events. The results show that countries that host the Olympics do not see any extra GDP growth than those that did not host an event.

A Panel Data Analysis Of The Effect Of Corruption And Macroeconomic Factors On Inequality And Poverty In Latin America, Annie Mcdonald

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates how a country’s income inequality and poverty are affected by corruption, and other economic indicators. The study’s purpose is to find which countries harbor corruption that causes more inequality and poverty and if high or low levels of macroeconomic factors, like unemployment for example, cause an increase in inequality/poverty as well. The panel data will include 11 countries located in Latin America and it will cover a ten-year period (2012-2021). After running six regressions, the results showed there were some differences from other papers. It was found that certain countries exhibit unique challenges that contribute to their …

Economic Peaks, An Analysis Of Financial & Real Estate Speculations In The Top 5 U.S Cities, Nicholas M. Basley

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

Economic Peaks conducts a comprehensive analysis of financial and real estate speculations in the United States, more specifically the top five cities per population in the United States. This study spans the period from 2000 to 2023, utilizing time series data to reveal economic trends and identify potential structural breaks during recession periods. By employing advanced statistical methods, the research aims to discern distinctive patterns in the housing and financial markets of each of the major cities, unveiling the presence of unsustainable price appreciation and the factors contributing to its emergence. This study seeks to offer valuable insights into the …

An Empirical Analysis Of The Status Of Income Inequality New England In 2022, Aidan Wilkinson

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the status of income inequality within the New England states in 2022. The empirical analysis conducted within this paper uses a similar model within Fadi Fawaz et al. for high income countries to analyze and predict the Gini coefficient within the six New England States. More specifically, the model that is tested analyzes monthly unemployment rate, the labor force participation rate, welfare spending, and the top 1% wealth distribution. The results show that Rhode Island and Maine Gini indexes could only be described by the top 1% wealth distribution and welfare spending, respectively. We also find that …

Hdi And Standard Of Living: A Panel Data Analysis Of Latin America, Matthew Susich

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the correlation between the Human Development Index and other significant measures of standard of living. The study incorporates data for upper- and middle-income countries in Latin America (Mexico, Costa Rica, Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Guatemala, Jamaica, Belize, and Bolivia) surrounding standard of living, including GDP per capita, public spending on education, public spending on health, GNI per capita, unemployment, infant mortality, and inflation. The conclusions from this study are drawn from regression analysis and tests of correlation between the Human Development Index and alternative measures of standard of living. The results show that unemployment and infant …