Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Changing Policy Without Changing Law: Addressing Climate Change Under The Clean Air Act, Philip Wallach

Brookings Scholar Lecture Series

The evolution of our national climate change policy at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from the 1990s-2000s, is marked by a backdrop of congressional inaction. In 2007, litigation (Massachusetts v. EPA) required the EPA to re-interpret the Clean Air Act to also apply to greenhouse gases. This presentation will include a summary of the legal arguments in that case, and the narrow Supreme Court decision that supported the petitioners; a review of the legal and practical challenges emanating from this ruling; and consideration of the EPA's impact on continuing legislative debates. The speaker will explore the impact of this decision …

Supplemental Feeding For Ecotourism Reverses Diel Activity And Alters Movement Patterns And Spatial Distribution Of The Southern Stingray, Dasyatis Americana, Mark John Corcoran, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Mahmood S. Shivji, Matthew Potenski, Demian D. Chapman, Guy Harvey

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Southern stingrays, Dasyatis americana, have been provided supplemental food in ecotourism operations at Stingray City Sandbar (SCS), Grand Cayman since 1986, with this site becoming one of the world’s most famous and heavily visited marine wildlife interaction venues. Given expansion of marine wildlife interactive tourism worldwide, there are questions about the effects of such activities on the focal species and their ecosystems. We used a combination of acoustic telemetry and tag-recapture efforts to test the hypothesis that human-sourced supplemental feeding has altered stingray activity patterns and habitat use at SCS relative to wild animals at control sites. Secondarily, we …

Bottled Sky, Ioannis Michalou(Di)S

The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal

Cloud-hunter Ioannis ΜICHALOU(di)S, lies in wait of air streams, grapping pieces of sky, shaping them, molding them, and baptizing them as ‘aerosculptures’. MICHALOU(di)S is the first visual artist worldwide to use art and science in a unique way. His latest Art-Science achievement is ‘Bottled Sky’. He states:

“In October 2001, while I was trying to create a cubic nephele, in the Visual Arts Research Centre of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), I came upon the silica aerogel for the first time... It is a space technology material, intangible -consisting of 99.9% air and 0.1% glass - which has been recently …

Recurrent Coastal Flooding: How Should Virginia Respond?, Molly Mitchell Rogerro

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

City Of Norfolk Coastal Flood Mitigation Program, Brian Joyner

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Forum Notes, Hr Adaptation Forum

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Fema Region Iii Coastal Storm Surge Study, Mike Forte, Jeff Hanson, Michelle Hamor

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Asbpa Sea Level Rise Findings, Maura Boswell

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Willoughby Spit Shoreline Improvement Project Of Ocean View Beach, Maura Boswell

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Agenda, Hr Adaptation Forum

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Usace Flood Risk Management Partners In Shared Responsibility, Michelle Hamor

March 13, 2013: Regional Sea Level Rise Assessment, Adaptation and Flood Mitigation Projects

No abstract provided.

Continuous Monitoring Reveals Multiple Controls On Ecosystem Metabolism In A Suburban Stream, Jake J. Beaulieu, Clay P. Arango, David A. Balz, William D. Shuster

Biology Faculty Scholarship

1. Primary production and respiration in streams, collectively referred to as stream ecosystem metabolism, are fundamental processes that determine trophic structure, biomass and nutrient cycling. Few studies have used high‐frequency measurements of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) over extended periods to characterise the factors that control stream ecosystem metabolism at hourly, daily, seasonal and annual scales.

2. We measured ecosystem metabolism at 5‐min intervals for 23 months in Shepherd Creek, a small suburban stream in Cincinnati, Ohio (U.S.A.).

3. Daily GPP was best predicted by a model containing light and its synergistic interaction with water temperature. Water …

Experimental And Natural Warming Elevates Mercury Concentrations In Estuarine Fish, Jennifer A. Dijkstra, Kate L. Buckman, Darren Ward, David W. Evans, Michele Dionne, Celia Chen

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Marine food webs are the most important link between the global contaminant, methylmercury (MeHg), and human exposure through consumption of seafood. Warming temperatures may increase human exposure to MeHg, a potent neurotoxin, by increasing MeHg production as well as bioaccumulation and trophic transfer through marine food webs. Studies of the effects of temperature on MeHg bioaccumulation are rare and no study has specifically related temperature to MeHg fate by linking laboratory experiments with natural field manipulations in coastal ecosystems. We performed laboratory and field experiments on MeHg accumulation under varying temperature regimes using the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Temperature treatments were …

Assessment Of A Rotenone Application Event At Mormon Island West Lake In Central Nebraska, Keith D. Koupal, Brian C. Peterson, Casey W. Schoenebeck

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Fisheries managers applied rotenone to Mormon Island West in August of 2010 to renovate a fish community that was hypothesized to be unbalanced (i.e., dominated with gizzard shad and common carp) based on standardized survey results. We estimated species-specific biomass following the lake renovation to provide a baseline biomass estimate for a sand pit lake and to evaluate the effectiveness of standardized sampling gears. Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were abundant in all sampling gears, but mostly stock-size (>175 mm total length) and larger individuals were caught in gill and trap nets and sub-stock (≤175 mm total length) …

Using High-Resolution Weather Data To Improve Winter Weather Maintenance Operations, Michael Baldwin

Purdue Road School

Substantial resources are required for winter maintenance operations. This presentation focuses on more accurate and precise weather information that can help reduce the uncertainty related to winter weather, resulting in improved decision-making and significant cost savings for winter operations.

Sfa Weather Station-March 2013, Arthur Temple College Of Forestry And Agriculture

Weather Station Data

No abstract provided.

On The Lack Of Stratospheric Dynamical Variability In Low‐Top Versions Of The Cmip5 Models, Andrew J. Charlton-Perez, Mark P. Baldwin, Thomas Birner, Robert X. Black, Amy H. Butler, Natalia Calvo, Nicholas A. Davis, Edwin P. Gerber, Nathan Gillett, Steven Hardiman, Junsu Kim, Kirsten Krüger, Yun-Young Lee, Elisa Manzini, Brent A. Mcdaniel, Lorenzo Polvani, Thomas Reichler, Tiffany A. Shaw, Michael Sigmond, Seok-Woo Son, Matthew Toohey, Laura Wilcox, Shigeo Yoden, Bo Christiansen, François Lott, Drew Shindell, Seiji Yukimoto, Shingo Watanabe

Faculty Articles

We describe the main differences in simulations of stratospheric climate and variability by models within the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that have a model top above the stratopause and relatively fine stratospheric vertical resolution (high-top), and those that have a model top below the stratopause (low-top). Although the simulation of mean stratospheric climate by the two model ensembles is similar, the low-top model ensemble has very weak stratospheric variability on daily and interannual time scales. The frequency of major sudden stratospheric warming events is strongly underestimated by the low-top models with less than half the frequency of events …

Oceanographic Weather Maps: Using Oceanographic Models To Improve Seabed Mapping Planning And Acquisition, Jonathan Beaudoin, John G.W. Kelley, Jason Greenlaw, Tami Beduhn, Samuel F. Greenaway

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In a world of high precision sensors, one of the few remaining challenges in multibeam echosounding is that of refraction based uncertainty. A poor understanding of oceanographic variability can lead to inadequate sampling of the water mass and the uncertainties that result from this can dominate the uncertainty budget of even state-of-the-art echosounding systems. Though dramatic improvements have been made in sensor accuracies over the past few decades, survey accuracy and efficiency is still potentially limited by a poor understanding of the “underwater weather”. Advances in the sophistication of numerical oceanographic forecast modeling, combined with ever increasing computing power, allow …

Exploration Of Eratosthenes Seamount – A Continental Fragment Being Forced Down An Oceanic Trench, Garrett Mitchell, Larry A. Mayer, Katherine L.C. Bell, Nicole A. Raineault, Chris Roman, Robert D. Ballard, Kelsey Cornwell, Al Hine, Eugene Shinn, Iordanis Dimitriadis, Onac Bogdan

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Synthesizing Larval Competence Dynamics And Reef-Scale Retention Reveals A High Potential For Self-Recruitment In Corals, Joana Figueiredo, Andrew H. Baird, Sean R. Connolly

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Many organisms have a complex life-cycle in which dispersal occurs at the propagule stage. For marine environments, there is growing evidence that high levels of recruitment back to the natal population (self-recruitment) are common in many marine organisms. For fish, swimming behavior is frequently invoked as a key mechanism allowing high self-recruitment. For organisms with weak-swimming larvae, such as many marine invertebrates, the mechanisms behind self-recruitment are less clear. Here, we assessed whether the combination of passive retention of larvae due to re-circulation processes near reefs, and the dynamics of settlement competence, can produce the high levels of self-recruitment previously …

Future Directions In Hydrography Using Satellite-Derived Bathymetry, Shachak Pe'eri, Christopher Parrish, Lee Alexander, Chukwuma Azuike, Andy Armstrong, Maryellen Sault

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Satellite remote sensing provides useful reconnaissance tool for mapping near-shore bathymetry, characterizing a coastal area and monitoring any seafloor changes that may have occurred since the last hydrographic survey of the area. At the 2012 Canada Hydro conference, a study was presented on the potential use of Landsat satellite imagery to map shallow-water bathymetry in a GIS environment over three study sites. Since then, several collaborations between the current study group and various hydrographic organizations were established with the goal of implementing optically-derived bathymetry as part of their data acquiring procedure. Bathymetry over additional study sites around the world was …

Water-Column Variability Assessment For Underway Profilers To Improve Efficiency And Accuracy Of Multibeam Surveys, Matt Wilson, Jonathan Beaudoin, Steve Smyth

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

With the advent of underway profilers, sampling the water-column to obtain sound speed corrections is no longer a detriment to hydrographic survey efficiency. Instead, the challenge has become deciding how many casts are necessary to maintain a desired level of multibeam sounding accuracy, while not needlessly overworking the profiler. Ray tracing uncertainty analysis can determine in hindsight whether a particular sampling interval is adequate or not. Based on this methodology, an algorithm was developed to generate recommended sampling intervals based on successively acquired sound speed profiles, allowing the MVP to run in a “cruise-control” mode where the sampling interval is …

Distribution-Free, Variable Resolution Depth Estimation With Composite Uncertainty, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Recent algorithms for processing hydrographic data have treated the problem of achievable resolution by constructing grids of fixed resolution, a composite grid of variable resolution, recursive sub-division in a quad-tree, or by relying on a comprehensive TIN of the original points. These algorithms all impose some artificial structure on the data to allow for efficient computation, however, which this paper attempts to address. A scheme is outlined which provides a robust estimate of depth and associated uncertainty that makes as few assumptions as possible. Using a non-uniform spectral analysis, it estimates the spatial scales at which the data are consistent …

Uncoupling Between Dinitrogen Fixation And Primary Productivity In The Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Eyal Rahav, Barak Herut, Noga Stambler, Edo Bar-Zeev, Margaret R. Mulholland

OES Faculty Publications

In the nitrogen (N)-impoverished photic zones of many oceanic regions, prokaryotic organisms fixing atmospheric dinitrogen (N₂; diazotrophs) supply an essential source of new nitrogen and fuel primary production. We measured dinitrogen fixation and primary productivity (PP) during the thermally stratified summer period in different water regimes of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean Sea, including the Cyprus Eddy and the Rhodes Gyre. Low N₂ fixation rates were measured (0.8-3.2μmol N m-2 d-1) excluding 10-fold higher rates in the Rhodes Gyre and Cyprus Eddy (~20μmol N m^-2 d^-1). The corresponding PP increased from east to west (200-2500μmol …

Effects Of Flow Rates And Composition Of The Filter, And Decay/Ingrowth Correction Factors Involved With The Determination Of In Situ Particulate 210Po And 210Pb In Seawater, Mark Baskaran, Thomas Church, Gi Hong, Anupam Kumar, Ma Qiang, Hui Choi, Sylvain Rigaud, Kanchan Maiti

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Accurate measurements of particulate ²¹⁰Po (²¹⁰Po_p) and ²¹⁰Pb (²¹⁰Pb_p) are required in the investigation of (i) partitioning of Po and Pb between particulate and dissolved phases and (ii) export estimates of carbon and other key trace metals from the euphotic zone via sinking particulate matter. Based on the intercomparison of different composition of the filter material (QMA, Supor, Millipore, and Pall GN6) and flow rates (2 to 8 L min), we show how these factors affect the measured concentrations of ²¹⁰Po_p and ²¹⁰Pb_p and their activity …

Bulk Partitioning The Growing Season Net Ecosystem Exchange Of Co2 In Siberian Tundra Reveals The Seasonality Of Its Carbon Sequestration Strength, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, T. Sachs, C. Wille, E.-M. Pfeiffer, L. Kutzbach

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper evaluates the relative contribution of light and temperature on net ecosystem CO2 uptake during the 2006 growing season in a polygonal tundra ecosystem in the Lena River Delta in Northern Siberia (72°22´ N, 126°30´ E). The occurrence and frequency of warm periods may be an important determinant of the magnitude of the ecosystem's carbon sink function, as they drive temperature-induced changes in respiration. Hot spells during the early portion of the growing season, when the photosynthetic apparatus of vascular plants is not fully developed, are shown to be more influential in creating positive mid-day surface-to-atmosphere net ecosystem CO2 …

Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Of The Achziv Coastal Area, Northern Israel, Shachak Pe'eri, Gideon Tibor, Brian Madore, Tomer Ketter

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Developing An Acceptance Test For Non-Hydrographic Airborne Bathymetric Lidar Data Application To Noaa Charts In Shallow Waters, Gretchen Imahori, Shachak Pe'eri, Christopher Parrish, Toshi Wozumi, Stephen A. White, Inseong Jeong, Christopher L. Macon

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Hydrographic data of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are typically acquired using sonar systems, with a small percent acquired via airborne lidar bathymetry for nearshore areas. This study investigates an integrated approach to meeting NOAA’s hydrographic survey requirements for nearshore areas of NOAA charts using existing U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP) topographic-bathymetric lidar (TBL) data. Because these existing NCMP bathymetric lidar datasets were not collected to NOAA hydrographic surveying standards, it is unclear if, and under what circumstances, they might aid in meeting certain hydrographic surveying requirements. The NCMP bathymetric lidar data were …

A Single Vessel Approach To Inter-­Vessel Normalization Of Seafloor Backscatter Data, Samuel F. Greenaway, Glen Rice

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Integration!of!backscatter!data!from!multiple!unTcalibrated!echosounders remains!a!challenge.!! The!arbitrary!offsets!that!are!acceptable!within!a!single!sensor!application!become!problematic! when!integrating!multiple!sensors!into!a!common!data!set.!!Instruments!typically!have! differences!in!overall!sensitivities!and/!or!beam!patterns!that!are!large!enough!to!complicate! the!combination!of!the!individual!sensor!data!sets!into!a!coherent,!project!wide!product.! The!dualThead!Reson!7125!installation!on!the!NOAA!Ship!Ferdinand!R.!Hassler!is!useful! intermediate!step!between!a!single!instrument!installation!and!a!true!multiTvessel!application.!! When!operated!simultaneously,!the!temporal!variation!in!the!acoustic!properties!of!the! seafloor!and!the!water!column!can!be!eliminated!between!the!two!systems.!!! Using!data!acquired!during!production!hydrography,!we!solve!for!the!offsets!between!the!two! heads!for!simultaneously!logged!data.!!This!approach!is!then!broadened!to!determine!offsets! between!different!days,!and!then!different!hardware!installations!throughout!the!project.!!!We! find!that!the!normalization!offsets!vary!significantly!between!the!heads,!between!different!runs! (likely!due!to!the!Reson!normalization process),!and!different!installed!receiver!components.!! Accounting!for!these!offsets,!we!are!able!to!generate!project!wide!mosaics!and!backscatter! products.

Report On The 2010 Rapid Assessment Survey Of Marine Species At New England Floating Docks And Rocky Shores., Christopher M. Mcintyre, Adrienne L. Pappal, Jessica Bryant, James T. Carlton, Kevin Cute, Jennifer A. Dijkstra, Renee Erickson, Yvette L. Garner, Arriaan Gittenberger, Sara P. Grady, Linsey Haram, Larry G. Harris, Niels-Viggo Hobbs, Charles C. Lambert, Gretchen Lambert, Walter J. Lambert, Antonio Carlos Marques, Arthur C. Mathieson, Megan Mcculler, Miranda Mickiewicz, Judith Pederson, Rachel Rock-Blake, Jan P. Smith, Cascade Sorte, Lauren Stefaniak, Martine Wagstaff

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.