Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

A Modeling Experiment On The Grounding Of An Ice Shelf In The Central Arctic Ocean During Mis 6, Martin Jakobsson, M Siegert, Mark Paton

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

High-resolution chirp sonar subbottom profiles from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean, acquired from the Swedish icebreaker Oden in 1996, revealed large-scale erosion of the ridge crest down to depths of 1000 m below present sea level [Jakobsson, 1999]. Subsequent acoustic mapping during the SCICEX nuclear submarine expedition in 1999 showed glacial fluting at the deepest eroded areas and subparallel ice scours from 950 m water depth to the shallowest parts of the ridge crest [Polyak et al., 2001]. The directions of the mapped glaciogenic bed-forms and the redeposition of eroded material on the Amerasian side of the …

Intercontinental Transport Of Pollution Manifested In The Variability And Seasonal Trend Of Springtime O3 At Northern Middle And High Latitudes, Yuhang Wang, Changsub Shim, Nicola J. Blake, D R. Blake, Yunsoo Choi, Brian Ridley, Jack E. Dibb, Anthony Wimmers, Jennie Moody, F Flocke, Andrew Weinheimer, R. Talbot, Elliot Atlas

Earth Sciences

Observations (0–8 km) from the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) experiment are analyzed to examine air masses contributing to the observed variability of springtime O₃ and its seasonal increase at 40°–85°N over North America. Factor analysis using the positive matrix factorization and principal component analysis methods is applied to the data set with 14 chemical tracers (O₃, NO_y, PAN, CO, CH₄, C₂H₂, C₃H₈, CH₃Cl, CH₃Br, C₂Cl₄, CFC-11, HCFC-141B, Halon-1211, and ⁷Be) and one …

Uptake Of Nitrate And Sulfate On Dust Aerosols During Trace-P, C. Jordan, Jack E. Dibb, B E. Anderson, H Fuelberg

Earth Sciences

Aerosol data collected near Asia on the DC-8 aircraft platform during TRACE-P has been examined for evidence of uptake of NO₃⁻ and SO₄⁼ on dust surfaces. Data is compared between a sector where dust was predominant and a sector where dust was less of an influence. Coincident with dust were higher mixing ratios of anthropogenic pollutants. HNO₃, SO₂, and CO were higher in the dust sector than the nondust sector by factors of 2.7, 6.2, and 1.5, respectively. The colocation of dust and pollution sources allowed for the uptake of NO_{3 …}

Chemical And Physical Properties Of Bulk Aerosols Within Four Sectors Observed During Trace-P, C. Jordan, B E. Anderson, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, H Fuelberg, Charlie Hudgins, C M. Kiley, R. S. Russo, Eric Scheuer, Garry Seid, K L. Thornhill, E L. Winstead

Earth Sciences

Chemical and physical aerosol data collected on the DC-8 during TRACE-P were grouped into four sectors based on back trajectories. The four sectors represent long-range transport from the west (WSW), regional circulation over the western Pacific and Southeast Asia (SE Asia), polluted transport from northern Asia with substantial sea salt at low altitudes (NNW) and a substantial amount of dust (Channel). WSW has generally low mixing ratios at both middle and high altitudes, with the bulk of the aerosol mass due to non-sea-salt water-soluble inorganic species. Low altitude SE Asia also has low mean mixing ratios in general, with the …

Aerosol Chemical Composition In Asian Continental Outflow During The Trace-P Campaign: Comparison With Pem-West B, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, Eric Scheuer, Garry Seid, Melody A. Avery, H B. Singh

Earth Sciences

Aerosol associated soluble ions and the radionuclide tracers ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb were quantified in 414 filter samples collected in spring 2001 from the DC-8 during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign. Binning the data into near Asia (flights from Hong Kong and Japan) and remote Pacific (all other flights) revealed large enhancements of NO₃⁻, SO₄⁼, C₂O₄⁼, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ near Asia. The boundary layer and lower troposphere were most strongly influenced by continental …

Water Quality Monitoring Of Moore's Creek Above Lincoln Lake, M. A. Nelson, L. W. Cash, G. K. Trost

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Water Quality Sampling, Analysis And Annual Load Determinations For Tss, Nitrogen And Phosphorus At The Washington County Road 76 Bridge On Ballard Creek, Marc A. Nelson, Ron Redman, L. Wade Cash, G. Keith Trost

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Illinois River Basin has experienced water quality impairment from non-point source pollution for many years. This fact was well documented in the State of Arkansas' Water Quality Assessment report, the Soil Conservation Service River Basin Study, and several University of Arkansas, Fayetteville studies. Thirty-seven sub-watersheds have been identified by the SCS in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River basin. In the Arkansas portion of the Basin, the Illinois River, Evansville Creek, Baron Fork, Cincinnati Creek, Muddy Fork, Moores Creek, Clear Creek, Osage Creek and Flint Creek were all classified as not supporting their designated use as primary contact …

Water Quality Sampling, Analysis And Annual Load Determinations For Tss, Nitrogen And Phosphorus At The Wyman Road Bridge On The White River, Marc Nelson, Wade Cash

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A water quality sampling station was installed at the Wyman Road Bridge just below the confluence of the three main forks of the Upper White River in January 2000. This station is coordinated with the USGS gaging station at the same location. This station was instrumented to collect samples at sufficient intervals across the hydrograph to accurately estimate the flux of total suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus into the upper end of Beaver Lake from the Upper White River.

Water Quality Sampling, Analysis And Annual Load Determinations For Tss, Nitrogen And Phosphorus At The Washington County Road 195 Bridge On The West Fork Of The White River, Marc Nelson, Wade Cash

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A water quality sampling station was installed at the Washington County Road 195 Bridge on the West Fork of the White River just above the confluence of the three main forks of the Upper White River in December 2001. The Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) was approved by EPA Region Six on March 2002 and sampling was begun at that time. This station is coordinated with a USGS gauging station at the same location. This station was instrumented to collect samples at sufficient intervals across the hydrograph to accurately estimate the flux of total suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus into …

2002 Pollutant Loads Kings River Near Berryville, Arkansas, Marc Nelson, Wade Cash

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

An automatic sampler and a USGS gauging station were established in 1998 and water quality sampling was begun in 1999 on the Kings River near Berryville, Arkansas. Continuous stage and discharge measurements and frequent water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the river. This report presents the results from the sampling and analysis for January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002.

Precipitation Monitoring At Yucca Mountain From 10/01/2000 Through 06/30/2003, Amanda Brandt, Klaus J. Stetzenbach, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

This report presents precipitation data collected using tipping bucket rain gauges in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain from October 1, 2000 to June 30, 2003. Operation of the tipping bucket precipitation monitoring network was assumed by the Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies at University of Nevada, Las Vegas in March 2001. Previously, it had been operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. The precipitation monitoring network consists of 17 tipping bucket gauges at various locations in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain. During the 2001 water year, rainfall averaged 6.16 inches. The following 2002 water year was much drier averaging 1.11 …

Strong Mid-Depth Currents And A Deep Cyclonic Gyre In The Gulf Of Mexico, Wilton Sturges, Eric Chassignet, Tal Ezer

CCPO Publications

The main purpose of this work was to explore the possibility that the deep flow (~2000m) around the edges of the Gulf circulates in a cyclonic, or counter-clockwise direction. The existence of such flow was proposed on theoretical grounds but had not been previously documented. Our results are quite clear that such flow is reliably observed.

Time Dependent Seafloor Acoustic Backscatter (10-100khz), Daniel D. Sternlicht, Christian De Moustier

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A time-dependent model of the acoustic intensity backscattered by the seafloor is described and compared with data from a calibrated, vertically oriented, echo-sounder operating at 33 and 93 kHz. The model incorporates the characteristics of the echo-sounder and transmitted pulse, and the water column spreading and absorption losses. Scattering from the water–sediment interface is predicted using Helmholtz–Kirchhoff theory, parametrized by the mean grain size, the coherent reflection coefficient, and the strength and exponent of a power-law roughness spectrum. The composite roughness approach of Jackson et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1410–1422 (1986)], modified for the finite duration of …

Remote Sensing Of Sediment Characteristics By Optimized Echo-Envelope Matching, Daniel D. Sternlicht, Christian De Moustier

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A sediment geoacoustic parameter estimation technique is described which compares bottom returns, measured by a calibrated monostatic sonar oriented within 15° of vertical and having a 10°–21° beamwidth, with an echo envelope model based on high-frequency (10–100 kHz) incoherent backscattertheory and sediment properties such as: mean grain size, strength, and exponent of the power law characterizing the interface roughness energy density spectrum, and volume scattering coefficient. An average echo envelope matching procedure iterates on the reflection coefficient to match the peak echo amplitude and separate coarse from fine-grain sediments, followed by a global optimization using a combination of simulated annealing …

Hypsometry, Volume And Physiography Of The Arctic Ocean And Their Paleoceanographic Implications, Martin Jakobsson, Ron Macnab, Arthur Grantz, Yngue Kristoffersen

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Recent analyses of the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) grid model include: Hypsometry (the distribution of surface area at various depths); ocean volume distribution; and physiographic provinces [Jakobsson 2002; Jakobsson et al., in press]. The present paper summarizes the main results from these recent studies and expands on the paleoceanographic implications for the Arctic Ocean, which in this work is defined as the broad continental shelves of the Barents, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi Seas, the White Sea and the narrow continental shelves of the Beaufort Sea, the Arctic continental margins off the Canadian Arctic Archipelago …

Ancient Maize From Chacoan Great Houses: Where Was It Grown?, Larry Benson, Linda Cordell, Kirk Vincent, Howard E. Taylor, John Stein, G. Lang Farmer, U.S. Geological Survey

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

In this article, we compare chemical (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and elemental) analyses of archaeological maize from dated contexts within Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to potential agricultural sites on the periphery of the San Juan Basin. The oldest maize analyzed from Pueblo Bonito probably was grown in an area located 80 km to the west at the base of the Chuska Mountains. The youngest maize came from the San Juan or Animas river floodplains 90 km to the north. This article demonstrates that maize, a dietary staple of southwestern Native Americans, was transported over considerable distances in …

Chemical Composition Of Asian Continental Outflow Over The Western Pacific: Results From Transport And Chemical Evolution Over The Pacific (Trace-P), R. S. Russo, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Garry Seid, C. Jordan, H Fuelberg, G W. Sachse, M A. Avery, S Vay, D R. Blake, N J. Blake, E L. Atlas, A Fried, S T. Sandholm, D Tan, H B. Singh, J Snow, B J. Heikes

Earth Sciences

We characterize the chemical composition of Asian continental outflow observed during the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission during February–April 2001 in the western Pacific using data collected on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. A significant anthropogenic impact was present in the free troposphere and as far east as 150°E longitude reflecting rapid uplift and transport of continental emissions. Five-day backward trajectories were utilized to identify five principal Asian source regions of outflow: central, coastal, north-northwest (NNW), southeast (SE), and west-southwest (WSW). The maximum mixing ratios for several species, such as CO, C₂Cl₄, …

Large-Scale Ozone And Aerosol Distributions, Air Mass Characteristics, And Ozone Fluxes Over The Western Pacific Ocean In Late Winter/Early Spring, Edward V. Browell, Marta Fenn, Carolyn Butler, William B. Grant, Vincent G. Brackett, Jonathan Hair, Melody A. Avery, Yuanlong Hu, Reginald E. Newell, H Fuelberg, Daniel J. Jacob, Bruce E. Anderson, Elliot Atlas, D R. Blake, William H. Brune, Jack E. Dibb, A Fried, B J. Heikes, G W. Sachse, S T. Sandholm, Hanwant B. Singh, R. Talbot, S Vay, Rodney J. Weber, Karen B. Bartlett

Earth Sciences

Large-scale measurements of ozone (O₃) and aerosol distributions were made from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) field experiment conducted in February–April 2001. Remote measurements were made with an airborne lidar to provide O₃ and multiple-wavelength aerosol backscatter profiles from near the surface to above the tropopause along the flight track. In situ measurements of O₃, aerosols, and a wide range of trace gases were made onboard the DC-8. Five-day backward trajectories were used in conjunction with the O₃ and aerosol distributions on each flight to …

Summary Of Measurement Intercomparisons During Trace-P, Fred Eisele, Lee Mauldin, C A. Cantrell, M Zondlo, E C. Apel, A Fried, J Walega, R E. Shetter, Barry Lefer, F Flocke, Andrew Weinheimer, M A. Avery, S Vay, G W. Sachse, J Podolske, G S. Diskin, J D. Barrick, H B. Singh, William H. Brune, H Harder, M Martinez, A R. Bandy, D C. Thornton, B J. Heikes, Y Kondo, D Riemer, S T. Sandholm, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

The NASA DC-8 and P-3B aircraft flew within about a kilometer or less of each other on three occasions during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign in order to intercompare similar measurements on the two aircraft. The first and last intercomparisons were in relatively remote marine environments during transits to and from Asia. The first began with a boundary layer measurement followed by an ascent to 3 km. The second set of intercomparisons was at a fixed altitude of about 5.2 km off the coast of Japan, also in relatively clean air. Finally, the third measurement …

Reactive Nitrogen In Asian Continental Outflow Over The Western Pacific: Results From The Nasa Transport And Chemical Evolution Over The Pacific (Trace-P) Airborne Mission, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Garry Seid, R. S. Russo, S T. Sandholm, D Tan, H B. Singh, D R. Blake, N J. Blake, Elliot Atlas, G W. Sachse, C. Jordan, Melody A. Avery

Earth Sciences

We present here results for reactive nitrogen species measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission. The large-scale distributions total reactive nitrogen (NO_y,sum = NO + NO₂ + HNO₃ + PAN + C₁–C₅alkyl nitrates) and O₃ and CO were better defined in the boundary layer with significant degradation of the relationships as altitude increased. Typically, NO_y,sum was enhanced over background levels of ∼260 pptv by 20-to-30-fold. The ratio C₂H₂/CO had values of 1–4 at altitudes up to 10 …

Coastal Observatory Investigates Energetic Current Oscillations On Southeast Florida Shelf, Alexander Soloviev, Rebekah J. Walker, Robert H. Weisberg, Mark E. Luther

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Coastal circulation along the southeast Florida shelf is strongly related to the dynamics of the Florida Current. The current follows the steep bottom terrain along the shelf break separating the deep ocean from the coastal zone (Figure 1 a, b). Energetic and complex flow regimes arise along the current's western edge, causing transient features such as sub-meso-scale eddies [Lee and Mayer, 1977; Shay et al., 2000] and energetic internal oscillations [Mooers, 1975; Soloviev et al., 2003], which affect mixing between the shelf and deeper ocean waters. Understanding of these regimes is important for modeling and prediction of the …

Fall 2003, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Use Of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags To Demonstrate Survival Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) Released From Pelagic Longline Gear, David W. Kerstetter, Brian E. Luckhurst, Eric Prince, John E. Graves

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Reflections On Apollo, Eugene A. Cernan

IMSA Great Minds Program ®

During 20 years as a Naval Aviator, including 13 years with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Captain Eugene A. Cernan left his mark on history with three historic missions in space as the Pilot of Gemini IX (1966), the Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo X (1969), and the Commander of Apollo XVII (1972). After flying to the moon not once, but twice, he also holds the distinction of being the second American to walk in space and the last man to have left his footprints on the lunar surface.

Captain Cernan received a Bachelor of Science degree in …

Climate: Past, Present, And Future, Saxon E. Sharpe, Rick Forester, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

Climatology and meteorology studies in the Yucca Mountain area have resulted in the following key observations and conclusions: • The present-day arid climate of the Yucca Mountain area can be understood in terms of global-scale atmospheric circulation and regional to-local physiographic features. In general terms, the area is under the influence of mid-latitude westerly winds and associated storm systems during the cool part of the year and and is under the influence of moist air advected from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and Gulf of California during the summer. Temperature and precipitation data from Nevada regions 3 and 4 (southern …

Wind-Induced Exchange In Semi-Enclosed Basins, Rosario Sanay

OES Theses and Dissertations

The wind-induced circulation over laterally varying bathymetry was investigated in homogeneous and in stratified systems using the three-dimensional Regional Ocean Model (ROMS). For homogeneous systems, the focus was to describe the influence of the earth's rotation on the lateral distribution of the flow with particular emphasis on the transverse circulation. Along-basin wind-stress with no rotation caused a circulation dominated by an axially symmetric transverse structure consisting of downwind flow over the shoals and upwind flow in the channel along the whole domain. Transverse circulation was important only at the head of the system where the water sank and reversed direction …

Illinois River 2002 Pollutant Loads At Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge, Marc A. Nelson, Wade Cash

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Automatic water samplers and a U. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling by the Arkansas Water Resources Center -Water Quality Lab for January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002.

A Full-Wave Investigation Of The Use Of A 'Cancellation Factor' In Gw-Airglow Interaction Studies, Yonghui Yu

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) perturb minor species involved in the chemical reactions of airglow emissions in the mesopause region of the earth's atmosphere. The so-called 'Cancellation Factor' (CF) is defined as a transfer function relating the amplitude of airglow brightness fluctuation to the amplitude of GW-induced fluctuation in temperature [Swenson and Gardner, 1998]. This transfer factor can be used to determine GW fluxes and the forcing effects of GWs on the mean state through airglow observations, because GW fluxes are proportional to the square of GW amplitude.

Numerical models [Walterscheid et al., 1987; Schubert et al., 1991] have previously shown …

Day 5. Friday, August 15, 2003: Rocky Mountain National Park, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Energy Field Tour 2003 (August 11-16)

1 page.

Contains references.

Day 3. Wednesday, August 13, 2003: Coalbed Methane Development, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Energy Field Tour 2003 (August 11-16)

10 pages (includes color illustrations and maps).