Chemistry Commons^™

Threshold Ionization Spectroscopy And Spin-Orbit Coupling Of Lanthanide Complexes, Yuchen Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

The C-C and C-H bonds have high bond strength and low polarization, which make many small hydrocarbons too inert to react with other molecules under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, activation of these bonds is required to convert such small molecules into other value-added chemicals. Among various bond activation methods, metal activation is widely used and reported in the literature, because of its relatively mild reaction conditions and high selectivity.

In this work, Ce atom reactions with several small hydrocarbons are carried out in a pulsed laser vaporization supersonic molecular beam source, and Ce -hydrocarbon species are observed with …

Interfaces In Lead-Free Tin Perovskite Photovoltaics: An Investigation Of Energetics, Ion Mobility, Surface Modification, And Performance, Alex Boehm

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Halide perovskites have generated tremendous interest as low-cost semiconductors for optoelectronics, such as photovoltaics, lasers, and light emitting diodes due to their extraordinary optical and transport properties. Perovskite photovoltaics in particular have demonstrated a meteoric rise in power conversion efficiencies and drawn considerable interest as a next-generation solar energy technology. The rapid development has centered around lead-based derivatives, and concerns regarding the toxicity of lead has sparked interest in low toxicity and more environmentally friendly perovskite derivatives. In this regime tin (Sn) is regarded as a prominent alternative owing to the ideal bandgap and reduced toxicity exhibited by Sn-halide perovskites. …

Towards The Rational Design Of Organic Semiconductors Through Computational Approaches, Qianxiang Ai

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Though organic semiconductors have illustrated potential as industry-relevant materials for electronics applications, there are few guidelines that can take one from molecular design to functional materials. This limitation is, in part, due to incomplete understanding as to how the atomic-scale construction of the π-conjugated molecules that comprise the organic semiconductors determines the nature and strength of both the noncovalent intramolecular interactions that govern molecular conformation and noncovalent intermolecular interactions that regulate the energetic preference for solid-state packing. Hence, there remain several fundamental questions that need to be resolved in order to design organic semiconductors from a priori knowledge, including: What …

Designing Metal-Halide Perovskites With Enhanced Optical Properties And Stability Using Surface Ligands, Md Aslam Uddin

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Metal-halide perovskites (MHPs), with formula ABX₃ (A = methylammonium, formamidinium, or Cs⁺; B = Sn²⁺ or Pb²⁺; and X = Cl^-, Br^-, or I^-) are versatile and attractive materials because of their tunable optical and electronic properties. These optical and electronic properties include tunable direct band gaps, high absorption coefficients, low exciton binding energies, relatively high electron and hole mobilities, narrow emission line-widths, and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (Φ_PL). Much of the initial excitement around organic metal-halide perovskites focused on their application in photovoltaics (PVs) …

Developing And Testing Redox Active Organic Molecules For Nonaqueous Redox Flow Battery Applications, Nuwan Harsha Attanayake

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Non-emissive, sustainable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power have continued to provide an increasing amount of electricity to support electrical grids. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, grid energy storage systems must adjust for variations in and mismatches between electricity production and consumption. Among the available energy storage technologies, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are expected to play a critical role in the grid energy storage due to their decoupled energy and power, long service life, and simple manufacturing. However, the worldwide market penetration of RFB systems is still limited due …

Identification Of Adsorbate Ft-Ir Bands Using In-Situ Techniques: Pd Speciation And Adsorption Chemistry Of Pd-Zeolites For Passive Nox Adsorption, Robert Bruce Pace Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

To meet increasingly stringent automotive emissions standards, further improvements in catalytic converter design are necessary. Current automotive catalyst systems are effective at eliminating emission of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) once the catalyst reaches operational temperature (~200 °C). NO_x emitted at lower catalyst temperatures now comprises most of the NO_x released during a typical test cycle. Referred to as “the cold start problem” this issue has come to the forefront of automotive catalyst development, as mitigating these emissions is necessary to further reduce automotive emissions. Passive NO_x adsorbers present an appealing solution to the cold start problem, …

Hijacking The Fusion Complex Of Human Parainfluenza Virus As An Antiviral Strategy, T. C. Marcink, E. Yariv, K. Rybkina, V. Más, F. T. Bovier, A. Des Georges, A. L. Greninger, C. A. Alabi, M. Porotto, N. Ben-Tal, A. Moscona

Advanced Science Research Center

The receptor binding protein of parainfluenza virus, hemagglutinin- neuraminidase (HN), is responsible for actively triggering the viral fusion protein (F) to undergo a conformational change leading to insertion into the target cell and fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane. For proper viral entry to occur, this process must occur when HN is engaged with host cell receptors at the cell surface. It is possible to interfere with this process through premature activation of the F protein, distant from the target cell receptor. Conformational changes in the F protein and adoption of the postfusion form of the protein …

Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, Carlos Carbonell, Daniel J. Valles, Alexa M. Wong, Andrea S. Carlini, Mollie A. Touve, Joanna Korpanty, Nathan C. Gianneschi, Adam B. Braunschweig

Advanced Science Research Center

Polymer brush patterns have a central role in established and emerging research disciplines, from microarrays and smart surfaces to tissue engineering. The properties of these patterned surfaces are dependent on monomer composition, polymer height, and brush distribution across the surface. No current lithographic method, however, is capable of adjusting each of these variables independently and with micrometer-scale resolution. Here we report a technique termed Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, which produces polymeric pixels by combining a digital micromirror device (DMD), an air-free reaction chamber, and microfluidics to independently control monomer composition and polymer height of each pixel. The printer capabilities are …

Cu(Ii) Phenanthroline-Phenazine Complexes Dysregulate Mitochondrial Function And Stimulate Apoptosis, Garret Rochford, Zara Molphy, Kevin Kavanagh, Malachy Mccann, Michael Devereux, Andrew Kellett, Orla L. Howe

Articles

Herein we report an in-depth study on the cytotoxic mechanism of action of four developmental cytotoxic copper(II) complexes: [Cu(phen)2]2+ (Cu-Phen); [Cu(DPQ)(Phen)]2+ (Cu-DPQ-Phen); [Cu(DPPZ)(Phen)]2+; and [Cu(DPPN)(Phen)]2+ (where Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, DPQ = dipyrido[3,2-f:20,30-h]quinoxaline, DPPZ = dipyrido[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine, and DPPN = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine). This complex class is known for its DNA intercalative properties and recent evidence—derived from an in vivo proteomic study—supports the potential targeting of mitochondrial function. Therefore, we focused on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis related to cytotoxic activity and the potential impact these agents have on mitochondrial function. The Cu(II) complexes demonstrated superior activity regardless of aromatic extension within the phenazine ligand to the …

Sorption Of U(Vi) Onto Manganese Oxides In The Presence Of Siderophore Desferrioxamine-B, Morgan Snyder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Anthropogenic activities, such as uranium mining and the production of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons, have led to significant uranium contamination of the environment, leaving populations vulnerable to negative health effects. In order to effectively remediate uranium contamination, the mobility of uranium in the environment and its natural attenuation through sorption with active mineral phases, needs to be studied in depth first. This study aims to determine how U(VI) mobility is affected by manganese oxides in the presence and absence of siderophore Desferrioxamine-B (DFOB). Experiments focused on two common manganese minerals, pyrolusite (ß-MnO2) and manganite (γ-MnOOH). Adsorption experiments with U(VI)-DFOB …

Elephant And Anchors ‒ Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Of Small Oxygenated Molecules, Apeter Weidner

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The dissociative photoionization reactions of two small, oxygenated organics, namely 1,3-dioxolane and methyl vinyl ketone, were studied by photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy. Experiments involving 1,3-dioxolane were carried out in the photon energy range of 9.5‒13.5 eV. The statistical thermodynamics model shows that a total of six dissociation channels are involved in the formation of three fragment ions, namely C3H5O2+ (m/z 73), C2H5O+ (m/z 45) and C2H4O+ (m/z 44), with two channels contributing to the formation of each. By comparing the results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations to the experimentally derived appearance energies of the fragment ions, the most …

Studies On The Size And Non-Planarity Of Aromatic Stacking Moiety On Conformation Selectivity And Thermal Stabilization Of G-Quadruplexes, Mandeep Singh

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Targeting DNA has the advantage over proteins for cancer remediation because of the fewer copies of the ligands required for the desired therapeutic effect. Traditionally, covalent DNA binders like alkylating agents have been used to induce genetic instability through the formation of DNA lesions and strand breaks, leading to cellular apoptosis. The primary drawback of this treatment is the non-specific binding that affects both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. G-quadruplexes are the DNA secondary structures that are present in abundance near the promoter regions of the oncogenes and are involved in the regulation of their activities. A ligand-mediated stabilization of G-quadruplexes …

Tools To Evaluate Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery Of Tiopronin For Cataract Prevention, Justin Beltz

Doctoral Dissertations

”There is a growing demand for non-surgical means of cataract treatment. This dissertation presents three bodies of work that reflect the early-stage development of eye drop formulations aimed at delaying cataract progression. These formulations consist of the antioxidant 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) loaded onto nanodiamond particles.

Cataractogenesis is linked to oxidative damage to lens proteins. To investigate the potential of MPG for protection against oxidative damage, A549 cells were incubated in 0.6 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP). Cells exposed to tBHP without MPG exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, which led to the depletion of the vital antioxidant glutathione and, ultimately, apoptosis. Co-administration …

Electrospinning Piezoelectric Fibers For Biocompatible Devices, Bahareh Azimi, Mario Milazzo, Andrea Lazzeri, Stefano Berrettini, M. Jasim Uddin, Zhao Qin, Markus J. Buehler, Serena Danti

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

The field of nanotechnology has been gaining great success due to its potential in developing new generations of nanoscale materials with unprecedented properties and enhanced biological responses. This is particularly exciting using nanofibers, as their mechanical and topographic characteristics can approach those found in naturally occurring biological materials. Electrospinning is a key technique to manufacture ultrafine fibers and fiber meshes with multifunctional features, such as piezoelectricity, to be available on a smaller length scale, thus comparable to subcellular scale, which makes their use increasingly appealing for biomedical applications. These include biocompatible fiber-based devices as smart scaffolds, biosensors, energy harvesters, and …

On Comparison Of Luminescence Properties Of La2zr2o7 And La2hf2o7 Nanoparticles, Santosh K. Gupta, Maya Abdou, Partha Sarathi Ghosh, Jose P. Zuniga, Ezhilarasan Manoharan, Hyeongjun Kim, Yuanbing Mao

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Unveiling the underlying mechanisms of properties of functional materials, including the luminescence differences among similar pyrochlores A2B2O7, opens new gateways to select proper hosts for various optoelectronic applications by scientists and engineers. For example, although La2Zr2O7 (LZO) and La2Hf2O7 (LHO) pyrochlores have similar chemical compositional and crystallographic structural features, they demonstrate different luminescence properties both before and after doped with Eu3+ ions. Based on our earlier work, LHO‐based nanophosphors display higher photo‐ and radioluminescence intensity, higher quantum efficiency, and longer excited state lifetime compared to LZO‐based nanophosphors. Moreover, under electronic O2−→Zr4+/Hf4+ transition excitation at 306 nm, undoped LHO nanoparticles (NPs) …

Td-Dft Spin-Adiabats With Analytic Nonadiabatic Derivative Couplings, Nicole Bellonzi, Ethan Alguire, Shervin Fatehi, Yihan Shao, Joseph E. Subotnik

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Wepresent an algorithm for efficient calculation of analytic nonadiabatic derivative couplings between spin-adiabatic, time-dependent density functional theory states within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Our derivation is based on the direct differentiation of the Kohn-Sham pseudowavefunction using the framework of Ou et al. Our implementation is limited to the case of a system with an even number of electrons in a closed shell ground state, and we validate our algorithm against finite difference at an S1/T2 crossing of benzaldehyde. Through the introduction of a magnetic field spin-coupling operator, we break time-reversal symmetry to generate complex valued nonadiabatic derivative couplings. Although the nonadiabatic …

Lanthanide-Doped Lanthanum Hafnate Nanoparticles As Multicolor Phosphors For Warm White Lighting And Scintillators, Santosh K. Gupta, Jose P. Zuniga, Maya Abdou, Melonie P. Thomas, Manisha De Alwis Goonatilleke, Beth S. Guiton, Yuanbing Mao

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Designing luminescent materials especially nanomaterials with multifunctional applications is highly challenging and demanding. In this work, we explored pyrochlore La2Hf2O7 nanoparticles (NPs) singly and triply codoped with Eu3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+. Under both ultraviolet and X-ray irradiations, the La2Hf2O7 NPs singly doped with Eu3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+ displayed red, green and yellowish-blue emission, respectively. The concentration quenching study revealed a non-radiative energy transfer in Eu3+ doped La2Hf2O7 NPs, which takes place via dipole-quadrupole mechanism. On the other hand, a dipole-dipole interaction prevails in Tb3+ and Dy3+ doped La2Hf2O7 NPs. Lifetime spectroscopy reveals the stabilization of Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions at …

Tailoring The Viscosity Of Water And Ethylene Glycol Based Tio2 Nanofluids, Abu Musa Abdullah, Aminur Rashid Chowdhury, Yingchen Yang, Horacio Vasquez, Justin Moore, Jason Parsons, Karen Lozano, Jose J. Gutierrez, Karen S. Martirosyan, Mohammed Uddin

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Highlights

• Viscosity of TiO2 nanofluid at variable physical parameters has been reviewed.

• Classical and experimental viscosity models of nanofluids have been discussed.

• Preparation techniques of TiO2 nanofluid have been discussed.

• Viscosity of TiO2 nanofluid can increase by 329 times compared to the base fluid.

• Viscosity of TiO2 nanofluid decreases significantly with increasing temperature.

Abstract

Nanofluids have garnered significant attention in the scientific and engineering research communities due to their enhanced heat transfer properties when compared to conventional thermal fluids. Nanofluids comprised of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have a wide range of applications due to their excellent thermophysical properties like thermal …

Lysyl-Trna Synthetase From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Characterization And Identification Of Inhibitory Compounds, Samantha Balboa, Yanmei Hu, Frank B. Dean, James M. Bullard

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections and has highly developed systems for acquiring resistance against numerous antibiotics. The gene (lysS) encoding P. aeruginosa lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) was cloned and overexpressed, and the resulting protein was purified to 98% homogeneity. LysRS was kinetically evaluated, and the Km values for the interaction with lysine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and tRNALys were determined to be 45.5, 627, and 3.3 µM, respectively. The kcatobs values were calculated to be 13, 22.8, and 0.35 s−1, resulting in kcatobs/KM values of 0.29, 0.036, and 0.11 s−1µM−1, …

Multimodal Vibrational Studies Of Drug Uptake In Vitro: Is The Whole Greater Than The Sum Of Their Parts?, David Perezguaita, Karolina Chrabaszcz, Kamilla Malek, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Herein, we investigated the use of multimodal Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopic microscopy for the elucidation of drug uptake and subsequent cellular responses. Firstly, we compared different methods for the analysis of the combined data. Secondly, we evaluated whether the combined analysis provided enough benefits to justify the fusion of the data. A459 cells inoculated with doxorubicin (DOX) at different times were fixed and analysed using each technique. Raman spectroscopy provided high sensitivity to DOX and enabled an accurate estimation of the drug uptake at each time point, whereas IR provided a better insight into the resultant changes in the …

Quantification Of Low-Content Encapsulated Active Cosmetic Ingredients In Complex Semi-Solid Formulations By Means Of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Lynda Miloudi, Sandra Henry, Dominique Bertrand, Clovis Tauber, Xavier Perse, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munnier

Articles

Attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy is a robust tool for molecular characterisation of matter. Applied to semi-solid formulations, it enables rapid and reliable data collection without pre-analytical requirements. Based on nano-encapsulated Omegalight®, a skin-lightening active cosmetic ingredient (ACI), incorporated in a hydrogel, it is first demonstrated that, despite the high water content and the chemical complexity of the samples (i.e. number of ingredients), the spectral features of the ACI can be detected and monitored. Secondly, with a total of 105 samples divided into a training set (n = 60) and an unknown set (n = 45) covering a …

Raman Mapping Coupled To Self Modelling Mcr-Als Analysis To Estimate Active Cosmetic Ingredient Penetration Profile In Skin, Aline Stella, Franck Bonnier, Ali Tfayli, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munnier, Clovis Tauber

Articles

Confocal Raman mapping (CRM) is a powerful, label free, non-destructive tool, enabling molecular characterization of human skin with applications in the dermo-cosmetic field. Coupling CRM to multivariate analysis can be used to monitor the penetration and permeation of active cosmetic ingredients (ACI) after topical application. It is presently illustrated how multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) can be applied to detect and semi-quantitatively describe the diffusion profile of Delipidol, a commercially available slimming ACI, from Raman spectral maps. Although the analysis outcome can be critically dependent on the a priori selection of the number of regression components, it is …

Exploiting Fourier Transform Infrared And Raman Microspectroscopies On Cancer Stem Cells From Oral Squamous Cells Carcinoma: New Evidence Of Acquired Csplatin Chemoresistance, Valentina Notarstefano, Simona Sabbatini, Chiaro Pro, Alessia Belloni, Giulia Orilisi, Corrado Rubini, Hugh Byrne, Lisa Vaccari, Elisabetta Giorgini

Articles

Oral Squamous Cells Carcinoma (OSCC) is characterised by the risk of recurrence and the onset of a refractoriness response to chemotherapy drugs. These phenomena have been recently related to a subpopulation of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), which have either an innate or acquired drug resistance, triggered by chemotherapy treatments. In this light, to precisely target chemotherapy regimens, it is essential to improve knowledge on CSCs, with a particular focus on their molecular features. In this work, a subpopulation of CSCs, isolated by tumour sphere formation from primary OSCC cells, were treated with cisplatin for 16, 24 and 48 hours and …

Synthesis And Design Of Novel Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles Relevant To Drug Delivery Vehicles For Biomedical Application, Maan Abduldiyem Hassan Al-Ali

Theses and Dissertations

The modification of inorganic nanoparticles with organic polymer chains has become a significant field of study for the engineering of advanced nanocomposite materials. This dissertation presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel polymer grafted silica nanoparticles as new strategies to combat bacterial resistance. Described herein is the synthesis of monomers that have been graft polymerized onto silica nanoparticles that can be used as a delivery drug vehicle for biomedical applications. The polymerization of these monomers was performed via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The molecular design of the RAFT agents that are attached to the surfaces of the …

Metal Ions Impact On Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1 Adhesion To Ito Electrode And The Enhancement Of Current Output, Aisha Awad Alshahrani

Dissertations

The goal of this study is to enhance the efficiency of bacterial extracellular electron transfer (EET) in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 by enhancing adhesion to the electrode's surface. Our results clearly show a major difference in the attachment and behavior of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for Ca2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Mg2+, compared to the control. the final microbial coverage, as measured by confocal microscopy and cathodic peak charge in cyclic voltammetry (Qpc), increases with increasing metal ion concentrations. We found the cells attached to the electrode increased more with the addition of metal ion concentrations in the following order of metals: Ca2+ …

Optimization Of Microbial Fuel Cells, Norberto M. Gonzalez

Dissertations

Optimization of microbial fuel cells is investigated by utilizing Shewanella oneidensis as a model microorganism. the microbe's ability to grow and use glucose as a carbon source is explored under varying oxygen environments through an offline PMP derivatization method and HPLC analysis. Shewanella growth and glucose utilization is enhanced under aerobic environments; however, under microaerobic environments the addition of ferric iron results in a faster exponential growth initialization. a flavin mononucleotide modified indium tin oxide electrode is prepared and characterized for its usefulness in microbial fuel cells by controlled potential electrolysis, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. the electrode …

Lewis Acid-Carbonyl Solution Interactions And Their Implications In Catalytic Systems, Carly Soren Hanson

Dissertations

The utilization of Lewis acids to activate substrates containing carbonyls is ubiquitous in organic synthetic methods. in order to facilitate the development of novel reaction pathways and understand existing methods, it is necessary to determine the solution interactions between Lewis acids and Lewis bases. Historically, the characterization of the interactions of Lewis pairs has relied on solid state infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, as well as in situ NMR. I have developed a method utilizing in situ IR spectroscopy and solution conductivity towards the identification of the solution structures formed when a range of carbonyl compounds are combined with …

Development Of Methods For The Removal Of Selected Pollutants From Several Matrices And Identification Of Unknown Pollutants Adsorbed Onto Plastics Collected From Freshwater, Kathryn Marie Renyer

Dissertations

Plastic pollution represents one of greatest anthropogenic threats to the environment. Five to ten billion tons of plastic are manufactured every year. Currently, Earth's ecosystem is contaminated with billions of tons of plastic debris, much of which cannot be recycled. Over time, this plastic debris decomposes into small particles. Small plastic particles are known to adsorb toxic compounds in marine environments. My research is concerned with creating novel methods for the detection and quantification of selected persistent organic pollutants from several media. Specifically, I developed methods for the detection and quantification of endosulfan sulfate (ESS) from Lumbricus terrestris tissue and …

Electron Transfer Of Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1 At Clay-Modified Ito Electrode, Reem Faez Alshehri

Dissertations

Various strategies have been established to enhance the extracellular electron transfer and energy output capability of microbial fuel cells, with the majority being aimed at anode modification. The anode has a significant impact on the electricity generation performance of MFCs because it is in direct contact with the microorganisms. The materials of the anode should be favorable for the bacterial cell and capable to facilitate the electron transfer. Developing of an electrode using low-cost and effective materials assists to enhance the bacterial cell attachment and extracellular electron transfer. This provides a significant improvement in MFC performance. In this study, clay …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Nebraska Red Derivatives For Protein Labeling Studies, Lauren Lesiak

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a vital role in cell signaling, and imaging the internalization of these proteins will allow for better understand of protein trafficking within the cell, as well as identification of potential drug targets. However, there is a need for further development of fluorescent protein labels that are able to effectively monitor GPCR internalization in the near-infrared (NIR) range. We recently described a series of NIR fluorophores in which a phosphinate functionality is inserted at the bridging position of the xanthene scaffold, called the Nebraska Red (NR) dye series. These dyes are attractive reagents for the imaging …