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Articles 10951 - 10980 of 33243

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Increased Utility Of Ph Sensitive Indicators As High Concentration Co2 Detectors Through The Use Of Polyelectrolyte Complexes As Stabilizing Media, Camden James Johnson Jan 2019

Increased Utility Of Ph Sensitive Indicators As High Concentration Co2 Detectors Through The Use Of Polyelectrolyte Complexes As Stabilizing Media, Camden James Johnson

All Master's Theses

Development of plastic materials which produce visible color change when exposed to different environments has recently attracted attention for many biomedical applications.1,2Many biomedical devices are packaged under high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) which can lower the pH of the packaging environment. This is similar to the CO2 chemistry responsible for ocean acidification.3 Dye molecules that are sensitive to environmental changes in pH (known as pH indicators) can be encapsulated in plastics and produce a visible color change when a medical device is removed from the sterile CO2 environment. Plastics made from large …

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Effect Of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles On Naturally Occurring Iron Reduction By Carboxylates, Ashleen Reddy Jan 2019

Effect Of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles On Naturally Occurring Iron Reduction By Carboxylates, Ashleen Reddy

All Master's Theses

The emission of ambient particulate matter (PM) is regulated by many institutions due to the detrimental effects on health, environment and climate; yet many underlying mechanisms of PM reactivity are still not well understood. In the current study, the effect of carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs), contained within ultrafine PM (particle diameter ≤ 100 nm), is investigated on naturally occurring processes that increase the abundance of bioavailable iron. Enhancing iron bioavailability (i) increases primary productivity of iron-limited microorganisms, affecting the carbon cycle and global climate, and (ii) increase toxicity of inhaled particles through the associated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Specifically, …

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The Chemical Analysis And Biological Activities Of The Secondary Metabolites From Dalea Mollis And Dalea Albiflora, Nicholas Peter Hansen Jan 2019

The Chemical Analysis And Biological Activities Of The Secondary Metabolites From Dalea Mollis And Dalea Albiflora, Nicholas Peter Hansen

All Master's Theses

Multidrug resistance has increased since the introduction of drugs used to prevent growth and kill microorganisms in a host. This has caused a worldwide search to discover new drugs effective against microorganisms. Mechanisms of drug resistance include, but are not limited to, the production of biofilms and efflux pumps. Efflux pumps prevent antimicrobial drugs from reaching their biological target, so the coordinated use of efflux pump inhibitors and antimicrobial drugs has been identified as a potential treatment for multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The secondary metabolites of Dalea mollis and Dalea albiflora were tested against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and engineered strains of the fungi …

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Modular Synthesis And Hydroalkylation Of Vicinally Functionalized Ketopiperazines: A Solution To The Piperazine Problem, Antonio Moreno Jan 2019

Modular Synthesis And Hydroalkylation Of Vicinally Functionalized Ketopiperazines: A Solution To The Piperazine Problem, Antonio Moreno

All Master's Theses

The stereocontrolled synthesis of functionalized piperazines is of great interest to pharmaceutical companies owing to their multiple biological activities such as antidepressant, antiparasitic, anticancer and antiretroviral. Current methods towards functionalized piperazines include intramolecular cyclization of appropriately tethered on acyclic precursors as well as α-C–H functionalization of intact piperazine rings. Although effective for the most part, these methods suffer from drawbacks such as the use of expensive catalysts, potentially toxic reagents, limited scope and functional group compatibility. Seeking to side-step some of the aforementioned limitations, we herein describe a step-economical-, cost-effective-, transition metal-free-, and mild approach to highly functionalized piperazines, including …

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Seasonal Soil Carbon Fluxes In Transitioning Agricultural Soils In Central Washington State: Relations To Land-Use, Environmental Factors And Soil Carbon-Nitrogen Characteristics, Brandon Kautzman Jan 2019

Seasonal Soil Carbon Fluxes In Transitioning Agricultural Soils In Central Washington State: Relations To Land-Use, Environmental Factors And Soil Carbon-Nitrogen Characteristics, Brandon Kautzman

All Master's Theses

Changing agricultural land-use practices to increase soil carbon sequestration contributes to climate change mitigation and improved food security by moving CO2 from the atmosphere into soil as soil organic carbon (SOC). In 2016, a farm in Thorp, Washington, Spoon Full Farm, began converting land historically farmed using conventional methods of tillage and synthetic fertilizers to conservation farming methods with direct seeding and organic soil amendments with a goal of sequestering carbon in the soil. This project evaluates relationships of soil CO2 respiration and net ecological exchange (NEE) with land-use types, seasonal environmental factors (air temperature, relative humidity, soil …

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Effect Of Iron On The Oxidative Capacity Of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles, Daniel Chavez Jan 2019

Effect Of Iron On The Oxidative Capacity Of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles, Daniel Chavez

All Master's Theses

Inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted during combustion of fuels has negative impacts on human health. Triggered in part by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to oxidative stress, significant gaps exist in the understanding of the detailed chemistry of these detrimental effects. Trace metals and carbonaceous material of the nanometer-sized particles contained in PM2.5 have been implicated as key players in causing these effects. Here, the role of Fe is investigated with carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNP) while mimicking simple cellular conditions. By adding environmentally representative and controlled concentrations of Fe(II) or Fe(III) to …

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Esterification Of Lignin As Carbon Fiber Production Precursor​, Jarudech Rakphong Jan 2019

Esterification Of Lignin As Carbon Fiber Production Precursor​, Jarudech Rakphong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research investigated the optimized condition (i.e., esterifying agent, reaction time, reaction temperature) to modify lignin for utilization as a precursor in carbon fiber production. The lignin was successfully modified by esterification reaction in dimethylformamide solvent under different reaction temperatures and times using different types of fatty acid chloride including butyryl chloride, octanoyl chloride, and lauroyl chloride as an esterifying agent. The effects of fatty acid chloride chain length and degree of substitution on the chemical structure, functional groups, morphology, crystallinity, thermal properties, and solubility of esterified-lignin were studied. The chemical structure of the obtained product was characterized by FTIR …

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Effect Of Poly(Lactic Acid) On Properties Of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Poly(Butylene Succinate-Co-Adipate)/ Poly(Lactic Acid) Blend Films, Narumon Puekpoonpoal Jan 2019

Effect Of Poly(Lactic Acid) On Properties Of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Poly(Butylene Succinate-Co-Adipate)/ Poly(Lactic Acid) Blend Films, Narumon Puekpoonpoal

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Nowadays, biodegradable plastics have drawn a great deal of attention because of plastic pollution. The major drawback of their mechanical properties brought to a limitation of neat biodegradable resins for flexible packaging applications. In this study, binary and ternary blends of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were melt compounded and successfully prepared into films via blown film line. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of incorporating PLA including of high molecular weights PLA (Hi-PLA) and low molecular weights (Lo-PLA) into PBSA/PBS blends on processability, phase morphology, mechanical and physical properties. …

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Chemical Constituents From The Twigs And Branches Of Garcinia Schomburgkiana, Nindyashinta Darnasmara Jan 2019

Chemical Constituents From The Twigs And Branches Of Garcinia Schomburgkiana, Nindyashinta Darnasmara

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The phytochemical investigation from the dichloromethane extract of the twigs and branches of Garcinia schomburgkiana led to the isolation of fourteen known compounds, including 2'-hydroxydihydrochalcone (1), 1-(2'-6'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone (2), cudratricusxanthone K (3), pancixanthone A (4), euxanthone (5), 1,4,5-trihydroxyxanthone (6), osajaxanthone (7), 1,2,7-trihydroxyxanthone (8), 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,4-diprenylxanthone (9), 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (10), 7-epiclusianone (11), oblongifolin C (12), clusiacitran B (13), and aucuparin (14). Among all isolated compounds, 2'-hydroxydihydrochalcone, 1-(2'-6'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone, and cudratricusxanthone K were isolated from genus Garcinia for the first time. Moreover, 7-epiclusianone, pancixanthone A, 1,4,5-trihydroxyxanthone, osajaxanthone, 1,2,7-trihydroxyxanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,4-diprenylxanthone discovered in G. schomburgkiana for the first time. The structures of all isolated compounds were characterized …

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Florida Science: The Science That Makes Florida Different, Terence W. Cavanaugh Jan 2019

Florida Science: The Science That Makes Florida Different, Terence W. Cavanaugh

Secondary Level Resources

This book was created to assist students with their understanding of how science occurs in Florida. When teaching science or any subject it’s important to remember to begin with the concrete and then move to the abstract. I have found that it has helped my students when I begin by teaching science concepts in a concrete manner and expand from there. For example, when I taught about topographic maps, the students were much more successful in their learning when I started with local topographic maps that included the school and the surrounding area than with places that had mountains or …

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การเปลี่ยนปาล์มโอเลอินเป็นเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพสำหรับอากาศยานบนนิกเกิลที่รองรับด้วยซีโอไลต์ชนิดบีตาและเอชวาย, ธนวัฒน์ สุขอนันต์ Jan 2019

การเปลี่ยนปาล์มโอเลอินเป็นเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพสำหรับอากาศยานบนนิกเกิลที่รองรับด้วยซีโอไลต์ชนิดบีตาและเอชวาย, ธนวัฒน์ สุขอนันต์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้สนใจศึกษาการผลิตเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพสำหรับอากาศยานที่มีเสถียรภาพในการทำปฏิกิริยากับออกซิเจน เพิ่มปริมาณโซ่กิ่ง โซ่ตรง และลดปริมาณอะโรมาติก จากปาล์มโอเลอินบนนิกเกิลที่รองรับด้วยซีโอไลต์ชนิดบีตาและเอชวาย ตัวแปรที่ศึกษาประกอบด้วย อุณหภูมิ 430 - 460 องศาเซลเซียส ปริมาณนิกเกิล ร้อยละ 0 – 15 โดยน้ำหนัก ความดันบรรยากาศไฮโดรเจนเริ่มต้น 0 – 10 บาร์ และน้ำหนักตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา ร้อยละ 0 – 5 โดยน้ำหนัก ที่เวลาในการทดลอง 5 ชั่วโมง ภาวะที่เหมาะสมต่อการเกิดปฏิกิริยาแครกกิง ดีออกซิจีเนชั่น และไอโซเมอไรเซชั่นต่อการเกิดน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพสำหรับอากาศยาน คือ อุณหภูมิ 430 องศาเซลเซียส ที่ความดันไฮโดรเจนเริ่มต้น 10 บาร์ โดยใช้นิกเกิล ร้อยละ 5 โดยน้ำหนักบนซีโอไลต์ชนิดเอชวาย ปริมาณร้อยละ 5 โดยน้ำหนักเป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา เป็นเวลา 5 ชั่วโมง โดยให้ร้อยละผลได้ของผลิตภัณฑ์น้ำมัน 63 ร้อยละผลได้ของแก๊ส 30 และร้อยละผลได้ของของแข็ง 7 โดยน้ำหนัก ซึ่งองค์ประกอบของผลิตภัณฑ์น้ำมันที่ได้มีร้อยละผลได้ของน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิงสำหรับอากาศยานร้อยละ 56 แก๊สโซลีนร้อยละ 28 ดีเซลร้อยละ13 และกากน้ำมันร้อยละ3 โดยการเลือกสรรของผลิตภัณฑ์น้ำมันเป็นดังนี้ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนโซ่ตรงร้อยละ 58 อะโรมาติกร้อยละ 23 และโซ่กิ่งร้อยละ 19 ตามลำดับ

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Sub-Cloning, Expression, And Purification Of The Wild Type And Mutated Sigma-1 Receptor, Christopher Koch Jan 2019

Sub-Cloning, Expression, And Purification Of The Wild Type And Mutated Sigma-1 Receptor, Christopher Koch

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is an important pharmaceutical target that has been linked to several neurological diseases and drug addiction. It has been proposed that multimerization of S1R is important for attenuating its interactions with the dopamine transporter (DAT) and that S1R agonists promote dissociation to a monomeric form necessary for DAT interaction. This project aims to assess the role of the N-terminal transmembrane domain in oligomerization and binding activity of the mammalian Sigma-1 receptor (S1R). N-terminal truncations lacking the transmembrane domain and the E102Q variant, which displays altered activity and cellular localization, were expressed, purified in order to determine …

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Environmental Forensic Characterization Of Former Rail Yard Soils Located Adjacent To The Statue Of Liberty In The New York/New Jersey Harbor, Diane Hagmann, Michael A. Kruge, Matthew Chi-Hymn Cheung, Maria Mastalerz, José Luis Gallego, Jay Prakash Singh, Jennifer Krumins, Xiaona N. Li, Nina M. Goodey Jan 2019

Environmental Forensic Characterization Of Former Rail Yard Soils Located Adjacent To The Statue Of Liberty In The New York/New Jersey Harbor, Diane Hagmann, Michael A. Kruge, Matthew Chi-Hymn Cheung, Maria Mastalerz, José Luis Gallego, Jay Prakash Singh, Jennifer Krumins, Xiaona N. Li, Nina M. Goodey

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Identifying inorganic and organic soil contaminants in urban brownfields can give insights into the adverse effects of industrial activities on soil function, ecological health, and environmental quality. Liberty State Park in Jersey City (N.J., USA) once supported a major rail yard that had dock facilities for both cargo and passenger service; a portion remains closed to the public, and a forest developed and spread in this area. The objectives of this study were to: 1) characterize the organic and inorganic compounds in Liberty State Park soils and compare the findings to an uncontaminated reference site (Hutcheson Memorial Forest); and 2) …

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Synthesis Of A Novel Tetradentate Ligand And Its Copper Complex For Redox Shuttle Applications, Joseph T. Vaughan Jan 2019

Synthesis Of A Novel Tetradentate Ligand And Its Copper Complex For Redox Shuttle Applications, Joseph T. Vaughan

Honors Theses

With growing energy demands, alternatives to the traditional non-renewable fuel sources are currently being explored. Of these alternative fuel sources, solar energy, particularly dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), have garnered considerable interest. Traditional redox mediators within these solar cells have been triiodide/iodide couples, which pose several complications due to their corrosiveness, absorption in the visible range, and efficiency, motivating the development of better redox couples for next generation DSSCs. Thus, transition metal complexes have rapidly gained traction as a potential replacement for this traditional I-/I3- based system. In this study, a novel tetradentate ligand framework and its copper and nickel complexes …

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Design And Development Of Chemically And Biologically Stable Salvinorin-Based Ligands For Opioid Receptors, Tanner Neilson Jan 2019

Design And Development Of Chemically And Biologically Stable Salvinorin-Based Ligands For Opioid Receptors, Tanner Neilson

Honors Theses

The number of opioid prescriptions as a method in pain management increased dramatically in the mid 1990’s following Dr. James Campbell’s 1995 Presidential address to the American Pain Society, where he called for patient pain to be included as a vital sign. The rapid increase in prescriptions in the early 2000’s coupled with a massive effort by pharmaceutical companies to downplay the addictiveness of these drugs has led to a consistent increase in opioid-related drug overdoses, with 47,600 of 70,237 drug related deaths involving opioids in 2017. Opioid analgesics most commonly act upon the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), which is one …

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The Impact Of Post Translational Modification On The Aggregation Of The Ss-Amyloid Peptide In The Presence Or Absence Of Lipids, Albert Walton Pilkington Iv Jan 2019

The Impact Of Post Translational Modification On The Aggregation Of The Ss-Amyloid Peptide In The Presence Or Absence Of Lipids, Albert Walton Pilkington Iv

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition afflicting 5.7 million Americans with no effective treatments. The pathology of AD is described by the formation of neurotoxic oligomers formed by the self-assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ). The affinity of oligomers for cellular membranes disrupts calcium homeostasis and is believed to be the underlying cause of neurotoxicity; however, due to the metastability of oligomers, it has been difficult to understand their role in membrane interactions and self-assembly. Here we utilize post translational modifications (PTM) to understand the role of specific amino acids on Aβ40-membrane interactions and self-assembly. We employ ThT, AFM, …

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Biogeochemical Response To Vegetation And Hydrologic Change In An Alaskan Boreal Fen Ecosystem, Danielle L. Rupp Jan 2019

Biogeochemical Response To Vegetation And Hydrologic Change In An Alaskan Boreal Fen Ecosystem, Danielle L. Rupp

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Boreal peatlands store approximately one third of the earth’s terrestrial carbon, locked away in currently waterlogged and frozen conditions. Peatlands of boreal and arctic ecosystems are affected increasingly by shifting hydrology caused by climate change. The consequences of these relatively rapid ecosystem changes on carbon cycling between the landscape and the atmosphere could provide an amplifying feedback to climate warming. Alternatively, the advancement of terrestrial vegetation into once waterlogged soils could uptake carbon as a sink. Previous work suggests that fens will become an increasingly dominant landscape feature in the boreal. However, studies investigating fens, their response to hydrologic and …

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Roaming Transition States And Highly Accurate Thermochemistry: A Pepico Study Of Two Small Combustion Systems, Kyle John Covert Jan 2019

Roaming Transition States And Highly Accurate Thermochemistry: A Pepico Study Of Two Small Combustion Systems, Kyle John Covert

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Two small combustion systems, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) and 2-propanol ((CH3)2CHOH), were studied using imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (iPEPICO), which combines photoelectron spectroscopy and photoionization mass spectrometry to detect coincident photoelectron-photoion pairs. In the photon energy range of 11.4–14.0 eV, energy selected CH3OOH+ ions dissociate into CH2OOH+, HCO+, CH3+, and H3O+ ions. The lowest-energy dissociation channel is the formation of the cation of the smallest “QOOH” radical, CH2OOH+. A statistical rate model fitted to the …

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อุปกรณ์ไฮบริดเซลล์สุริยะ/เทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกสำหรับการใช้พลังงานแสงอาทิตย์อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ, สุทธิดา จงอุดมฤกษ์ Jan 2019

อุปกรณ์ไฮบริดเซลล์สุริยะ/เทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกสำหรับการใช้พลังงานแสงอาทิตย์อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ, สุทธิดา จงอุดมฤกษ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในงานวิจัยที่ผ่านมามีแนวความคิดสร้างอุปกรณ์ร่วมระหว่างเซลล์สุริยะและเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกเพื่อใช้แปลงพลังงานจากแสงและความร้อนที่ได้จากดวงอาทิตย์มาผลิตไฟฟ้าได้ในเวลาเดียวกัน อย่างไรก็ตาม อุปกรณ์ร่วมดังกล่าวผลิตจากวัสดุมีที่มีโลหะหนักและเป็นพิษต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม ดังนั้น ในงานวิจัยนี้จึงได้ศึกษาสมบัติทางเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกของพอลิเมอร์ที่มีหมู่ฟังก์ชั่นชนิดพอลิ(3,4เอททีลีนไดออกซีไทโอฟีน):พอลิ(สไตรีนซัลโฟเนต) (PEDOT:PSS) เพื่อนำมาใช้เป็นวัสดุเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกทดแทนวัสดุที่เป็นพิษดังกล่าวข้างต้น จากผลการทดสอบเบื้องต้น พบว่า สภาพนำไฟฟ้าของ PEDOT:PSS เมื่อเติมสารเจือชนิดเอททีลีนไกลคอล (EG) เพิ่มขึ้นเมื่อปริมาณร้อยละของ EG เพิ่มสูงขึ้น ในขณะที่สัมประสิทธิ์ซีเบกมีค่าคงที่และมีค่าเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 20.0±0.1 μV/K เมื่อเติมสารเจือชนิดไฮดราซีนไฮเดรต ร้อยละ 1.58 โดยน้ำหนัก อย่างไรก็ตาม สภาพนำไฟฟ้าของ PEDOT:PSS เจือด้วย EG ร้อยละ 48 โดยน้ำหนักมีค่าลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญเมื่อเติมสารเจือชนิดไฮดราซีนไฮเดรต เมื่อพิจารณาผลของแฟกเตอร์กำลังไฟฟ้ามีค่าสูงสุดที่ 4.38±0.40 µW/m∙K2 เมื่อเติมสารเจือ EG ร้อยละ 48 โดยน้ำหนักและปราศจากการเจือด้วยสารเจือชนิดไฮดราซีนไฮเดรต ผลการนำสารละลาย PEDOT:PSS ที่ผ่านการปรับปรุงสมบัติทางเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกมาขึ้นรูปเป็นวัสดุเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกเพื่อใช้ในอุปกรณ์ร่วมเซลล์สุริยะ/เทอร์โมอิเล็กทริก พบว่า อุปกรณ์ร่วมเซลล์สุริยะ/เทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกสามารถผลิตกำลังไฟฟ้าได้มากกว่าเซลล์สุริยะเดี่ยวได้ถึง ร้อยละ 15 ที่ผลต่างอุณหภูมิ 35 องศาเซลเซียสระหว่างฝั่งด้านร้อนและด้านเย็นของเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริก ผลงานวิจัยที่ได้สามารถใช้เป็นพื้นฐานเพื่อต่อยอดแนวคิดสำหรับการพัฒนาอุปกรณ์ร่วมเซลล์สุริยะ/เทอร์โมอิเล็กทริก สำหรับการผลิตไฟฟ้าจากพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์อย่างมีประสิทธิผลโดยใช้วัสดุเทอร์โมอิเล็กทริกฐานพอลิเมอร์ที่เป็นมิตรต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม

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Development Of Cooperative Photocatalysts, Tossapong Phuangburee Jan 2019

Development Of Cooperative Photocatalysts, Tossapong Phuangburee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Photosynthesis involves electron/energy transfer between photocatalyst and catalyst. This concept called “cooperative photocatalyst” is of interest for researchers to develop sustainable photocatalytic systems. In this dissertation, two catalytic systems including graphene oxide (GO) and copper complexes as catalysts were combined with photocatalysts to achieve alcohol oxidation and atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA), respectively. In the first system, GO was modified with porphyrin derivatives (TPP or ZnTPP) using sonication method. The prepared composites were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the GO-ZnTPP was significantly lower than that of GO-TPP due to the interactions between …

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Analytical Chemistry 2.1, David T. Harvey Jan 2019

Analytical Chemistry 2.1, David T. Harvey

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The introductory course in analytical chemistry is the ideal place in the undergraduate chemistry curriculum for exploring topics such as experimental design, sampling, calibration strategies, standardization, optimization, statistics, and the validation of experimental results. Analytical methods come and go, but best practices for designing and validating analytical methods are universal. Because chemistry is an experimental science it is essential that all chemistry students understand the importance of making good measurements.

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Spatial Patterns Of Particulate Organic Carbon Concentrations And Isotopic Signatures Across A Salinity Gradient In A River Dominated Estuary, Lauren E. Alvaro, John C. Lehrter, Mai Fung Jan 2019

Spatial Patterns Of Particulate Organic Carbon Concentrations And Isotopic Signatures Across A Salinity Gradient In A River Dominated Estuary, Lauren E. Alvaro, John C. Lehrter, Mai Fung

Gulf and Caribbean Research

No abstract provided.

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The Synthesis Of Ferrocene-Based Ionic Liquids, Stephen Petrochko Jan 2019

The Synthesis Of Ferrocene-Based Ionic Liquids, Stephen Petrochko

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Ionic liquids are compounds which are held together through ionic interactions, and can be classified as salts. However, while most salts have very high melting temperatures, ionic liquids are a class of compounds that can melt at very low temperatures, often at room temperatures. Ionic liquids can have optimal electronic properties for electrochemical applications, particularly for the easy transport of charges. Some new materials are being explored for the development of ionic liquids; one of these materials is ferrocene. Varying the substituents which are attached to ferrocene may produce a material that can be used as an electrolyte in energy …

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Facial Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes With Modified Dii Ligands, Dominick Vitale Jan 2019

Facial Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes With Modified Dii Ligands, Dominick Vitale

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Over the course of this semester, promising preliminary research into a novel area of inorganic chemistry has been underway. Multiple different bis(arylimino)isoindolines (BAI), a compound made from the disubstitution of diiminoisoindoline with aryl amines to form planar tridentate ligands, were tested to determine if the structure could be forcefully bent to fit a facial binding mode. It was theorized that the bending of the usually planar chelate would cause an electronic change, destabilizing the orbitals. Different synthetic techniques were explored allowing the formation a new BAI, 1,3-bis(3-pyrazolylimino)isoindoline which was characterized via X-ray crystallography, as well as a few previously characterized …

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Polymerized Ionic Liquids By Condensation Polymerization: Stimuli Responsive Polyurethane Gels And Dispersions, Harshit Gupta Jan 2019

Polymerized Ionic Liquids By Condensation Polymerization: Stimuli Responsive Polyurethane Gels And Dispersions, Harshit Gupta

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Ionic liquids have been used in free radical polymerizations to make polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) materials of various types. PIL gels based on imidazolium cations have been found to exhibit an anion-exchange induced stimuli responsiveness. This thesis explores incorporation of ionic liquids in polyurethane (PU) polymers to make PIL PU gels and dispersions through condensation polymerization. PIL gels are synthesized through a single-pot approach that show stimuli response to solvents. This approach allows one to make these gels rapidly and cheaply on-site. These gels can reversibly porate in different solvents and are found to be porous when analyzed by scanning …

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Uv-Curable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polyurethane Coating, Shiyin Yu Jan 2019

Uv-Curable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polyurethane Coating, Shiyin Yu

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This thesis explored a series of organic-inorganic hybrid polyurethane oligomers with varying molecular weights and functional groups (acrylate and/or silane) that were cured with a single ultraviolet (UV) trigger but two photo-initiators. Upon UV irradiation, the free-radical initiator initiated a free-radical reaction for acrylate cross-linking, and the photo-latent base initiated a sol-gel reaction for condensation of the silanes. This study explored the cure extent of both reactions by FTIR for acrylates and silanes and a weight-loss method for silanes as a function of functional group concentration and time. The general film properties were also studied. The results showed that the …

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Xflow: An Algorithm For Extracting Ion Chromatograms, Mathew M. Gutierrez, Rob Smith Jan 2019

Xflow: An Algorithm For Extracting Ion Chromatograms, Mathew M. Gutierrez, Rob Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Abstract: Mass spectrometry is a fundamental tool for modern proteomics. The increasing availability of mass spectrometry data paired with the increasing sensitivity and fidelity of the instruments necessitates new and more potent analytical methods. To that end, we have created and present XFlow, a feature detection algorithm for extracting ion chromatograms from MS1 LC-MS data. XFlow is a parameter-free procedurally agnostic feature detection algorithm that utilizes the latent properties of ion chromatograms to resolve them from the surrounding noise present in MS1 data. XFlow is designed to function on either profile or centroided data across different resolutions and instruments. This …

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Antitumor Properties Of Imidazolium Salts, Jenna Frantz Jan 2019

Antitumor Properties Of Imidazolium Salts, Jenna Frantz

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This is the final write-up for an honors research project for the University of Akron Williams Honors College. Synthesis of novel imidazolium salts was conducted. Following synthesis of imidazolium salts, the stability of the compound was tested at 37°C over a 72-hour period to give preliminary information about drug stability in vivo. 2D NMR was also conducted to confirm the structure of TPP-1. The student wrote an experimental protocol for the use of C57BL/6 mice and performed the online CITI training by the IRB to prepare to work with animals in a study of the antitumor properties of imidazolium salts …

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X-Ray Crystal Structure Of Au36(Sph-Pch3)24 Nanomolecules, Vigneshraja Ganeshraj Jan 2019

X-Ray Crystal Structure Of Au36(Sph-Pch3)24 Nanomolecules, Vigneshraja Ganeshraj

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Au36(SR)24 is one of the most comNanomolecules (NM) in gold NM field and crystal structures of Au36(SR)24 with different thiolate protecting ligand such as tert-butylbenzene thiol, thiophenol and cyclopentane thiol have been reported. It has been predicted that aromatic thiol protected Au36(SR)24 NM have same core structures like the other reported Au36(SR)24 NMs. Due to the steric and electronic conjugation effects the staples on the gold core exhibit minor changes in the bond length without affecting the gold core. By varying the Gold:Thiol ratio the NM size can be controlled. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of two …

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Development Of Cobalt And Iron Catalysts Bearing Rigid Polydentate Ligands For Proton Reduction And C-H Bond Oxidation, Lizhu Chen Jan 2019

Development Of Cobalt And Iron Catalysts Bearing Rigid Polydentate Ligands For Proton Reduction And C-H Bond Oxidation, Lizhu Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The demand for energy consumption has increased exponentially since the Industrial Revolution. The major source of this energy has been and continues to be fossil fuels. The depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns associated with their combustion has motivated us to develop a renewable energy alternative to meet future energy demands. Hydrogen is a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels, which can be generated from solar-driven water splitting. However, more efficient and inexpensive catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are needed. In this context, hydrogen production has been investigated with a stable and highly reactive cobalt-based catalyst. While …

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