Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Arts and Humanities (2428)
- History (2329)
- Business (2327)
- History of Science, Technology, and Medicine (2319)
- Dental Public Health and Education (1351)
-
- Orthodontics and Orthodontology (1253)
- Business and Corporate Communications (876)
- Dental Hygiene (852)
- Other Dentistry (850)
- Dental Materials (752)
- Nonprofit Administration and Management (690)
- Pediatric Dentistry and Pedodontics (676)
- Public Health (670)
- Oral Biology and Oral Pathology (652)
- Periodontics and Periodontology (593)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (512)
- Endodontics and Endodontology (510)
- Business Administration, Management, and Operations (449)
- Medical Specialties (430)
- Law (425)
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (424)
- Prosthodontics and Prosthodontology (421)
- Health Law and Policy (412)
- Medical Sciences (406)
- Medical Education (378)
- Life Sciences (369)
- Leadership (368)
- Human Resources Management (351)
- Institution
-
- American Dental Association (4298)
- Chulalongkorn University (1270)
- Loma Linda University (976)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (838)
- Marquette University (723)
-
- University of the Pacific (455)
- Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics (385)
- Loyola University Chicago (291)
- The Texas Medical Center Library (272)
- The British University in Egypt (251)
- Universitas Indonesia (245)
- Old Dominion University (237)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (223)
- Roseman University of Health Sciences (184)
- Nova Southeastern University (175)
- Mansoura Journal of Dentistry (166)
- Saint Joseph University of Beirut (145)
- Western Kentucky University (141)
- Association of Arab Universities (136)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (136)
- University of Kentucky (105)
- Aga Khan University (97)
- West Virginia University (90)
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (89)
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (85)
- LSU Health New Orleans (71)
- University of Louisville (61)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (59)
- University of New England (54)
- University of New Mexico (54)
- Keyword
-
- Dentistry (1372)
- Oral health (1132)
- American Dental Association (834)
- Newsletter (700)
- Newspaper (690)
-
- News (649)
- Professional association (622)
- Broadsheet (621)
- Paper (621)
- Organized Dentistry (575)
- Administration (574)
- Organization (570)
- Pamphlet (454)
- Dental health education (357)
- Brochure (294)
- ADA presidents (289)
- ADA (283)
- Governing documents (272)
- NDA (272)
- National Dental Association (272)
- Transactions of the ADA (272)
- Transactions of the NDA (272)
- Leaflet (247)
- Humans (237)
- Booklet (221)
- Business announcements (203)
- Business communications (203)
- Corporate communications (203)
- Corporate response (203)
- News release (203)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal (907)
- ADA News (622)
- Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects (603)
- ADA News Letter (570)
- Virginia Dental Journal (569)
-
- School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications (511)
- The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association (483)
- Journal of the American College of Dentists (395)
- Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics (385)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (357)
- Patient Dental Health Education Materials 1929-1981 (352)
- Theses and Dissertations (343)
- Master's Theses (268)
- Faculty, Staff and Student Publications (263)
- Dentistry (251)
- Journal of Dentistry Indonesia (229)
- All ETDs from UAB (214)
- The New York State Dental Journal (207)
- News Releases (203)
- Dentalgram (201)
- Annual Research Symposium (184)
- ADA Transactions (177)
- Mansoura Journal of Dentistry (166)
- Master's Theses (2009 -) (153)
- International Arab Journal of Dentistry (145)
- Excellence Day (142)
- All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles (135)
- Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association (126)
- Future Dental Journal (115)
- ADA Presidents 1860-1979 (113)
- Publication Type
Articles 10651 - 10680 of 13212
Full-Text Articles in Dentistry
1985 Transactions, American Dental Association
1985 Transactions, American Dental Association
ADA Transactions
This item is part of the Transactions of the ADA, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT). It is from the Transactions section, one of three subtitles that make up the full publication. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Pages from the Annual Reports and the Transactions are numbered consecutively (e.g. Annual Reports volume ends pg. 500 and Transactions volume starts at pg. 501). NOTE: All three subtitles are collectively known as the Transactions of the ADA or, alternatively, the ADA Transactions. Transactions refers …
1985 Supplement Vol. 1, American Dental Association
1985 Supplement Vol. 1, American Dental Association
ADA Transactions
This item is part of the Supplements subtitle of The ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and the Transactions. Generally, The ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. The Supplements function like an appendix and are, in more recent editions, numbered separately with page numbers determined by HOD reference committee assignation. Items are described variously as "Supplement #", "Volume #", etc. throughout the series but have been labeled here as Vol. # for …
J Am Coll Dent 1985 52 1
Journal of the American College of Dentists
The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 62, No. 1, 1985)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 62, No. 1, 1985)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Ph-Sensitive Liposomes Mediate Cytoplasmic Delivery Of Encapsulated Macromolecules, Robert M. Straubinger, Nejat Düzgüneş, Demetrios Papahadjopoulos
Ph-Sensitive Liposomes Mediate Cytoplasmic Delivery Of Encapsulated Macromolecules, Robert M. Straubinger, Nejat Düzgüneş, Demetrios Papahadjopoulos
All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles
Negatively charged liposomes are endocytosed by the coated vesicle system and accumulate in acidic intracellular vesicles. Liposomes that become unstable at acidic pH improve cytoplasmic delivery of membraneimpermeant macromolecules such as calcein (CAL) and FITC dextran (18 or 40 kDa). Oleic acid (OA): phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (3:7 mole ratio) liposomes become permeable to CAL at pH < 7.0. Control liposomes of phosphatidylserine : PE or OA : phosphatidylcholine are stable at pH 4-8. OA:PE liposomes promote cytoplasmic delivery of encapsulated CAL to CV-1 cells, as evidenced by the emergence of diffuse, cytoplasmic CAL fluorescence. Delivery requires metabolic energy and is partially inhibited by chloroquine or monensin, which raise the pH of intracellular vesicles. © 1985.
J Am Coll Dent 1985 52 2
Journal of the American College of Dentists
The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.
J Am Coll Dent 1985 52 4
Journal of the American College of Dentists
The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.
A Radiographic Study Of Artificially Created Bone Defects In The Mandibles Of Human Cadavers, Paul S. Valasek
A Radiographic Study Of Artificially Created Bone Defects In The Mandibles Of Human Cadavers, Paul S. Valasek
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Cephalometric Soft Tissue Profile Analysis Of Young Adult Koreans And Comparison With Caucasians, Joong-Chul Ahn
Cephalometric Soft Tissue Profile Analysis Of Young Adult Koreans And Comparison With Caucasians, Joong-Chul Ahn
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Prostaglandin E₂ Applied To An Extraction Site, On Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement In Cats, Reuven Gitter
The Effect Of Prostaglandin E₂ Applied To An Extraction Site, On Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement In Cats, Reuven Gitter
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Predictions Of The Effects Of Nonsurgical Periodontial Therapy : Prospective And Retrospective Identification Of Deteriorating Sites, Rik Achille Vanooteghem
Predictions Of The Effects Of Nonsurgical Periodontial Therapy : Prospective And Retrospective Identification Of Deteriorating Sites, Rik Achille Vanooteghem
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Clinicians rely mostly on clinical signs of disease and radiographic information to evaluate the periodontal condition of patients before and after initial, nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The results of their evaluations lead to decisions that determine the need for further periodontal therapy, often surgical, and may also provide guidelines for subsequent dental restorative treatment.
Thirteen subjects with moderate to advanced periodontal disease received oral hygiene instruction and one single episode of root planing. Three experienced clinicians made made[sic] independent predictions in individual tooth sites of the outcome of this initial therapy. They identified sites that in their opinion probably would not …
A Survey Of Burnout Among Dental Hygiene Educators, Sandra Boggs Ricks
A Survey Of Burnout Among Dental Hygiene Educators, Sandra Boggs Ricks
Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations
A survey was conducted on 159 full-time dental hygiene educators in order to collect data on job satisfaction, morale, and perceived institutional/program effectiveness. Educators were chosen for the study by cluster sampling from two- and four-year accredited dental hygiene programs in the United States. The programs were selected at random from stratified groups according to type of institutional setting. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire which contained four major sections: demographic data, job satisfaction, institutional/program effectiveness, and feelings related to their position. Findings were analyzed utilizing contingency tables and Chi-Square analysis. No attempt was made to establish a cause …
Temporomandibular Joint Problem : Report Of Cases., Picharn Chamnannidiadha
Temporomandibular Joint Problem : Report Of Cases., Picharn Chamnannidiadha
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
Pain from mastication can be experienced as a discomfort about the face and mouth induced by function and parafunction of the jaws. Masticatory pain has its source in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and/or masticatory muscles, and is therefore, directly related to masticatory functions.The main symptom of the myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) syndrome is a unilateral dull ache of myofascial origin arising from the so- called myofascial trigger zone, located within a muscle or its tendinous at- tachments.This paper intends to report the management of two cases of idi- opathic facial pains such as TMJ or MPD syndromes, with an added …
Incidence Of Bubbles On Samples Cast In A Phosphate Bonded Investment, Issarawan Boonsiri
Incidence Of Bubbles On Samples Cast In A Phosphate Bonded Investment, Issarawan Boonsiri
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
Phosphate bonded investments are widely used in casting the high- fusing alloys. After casting it always have positively cast nodules on the surface of casting, which cause the fitness of the casting on the die. The purpose of this article is examine the effect of a number of investing variable on the incidence of bubbles cast to wax patterns invested in a phasphate bonded investment. The result of this study showed that the minimum number of adherent bubbles may be achieved by machine mixing investments using a high liquid/powder ratio, and by treating wax patterns with debubblilizer prior to investing …
Inflammatory And Immunological Aspects Of Noma, Jeerasak Nopakun
Inflammatory And Immunological Aspects Of Noma, Jeerasak Nopakun
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
Noma,which is derived from the Greek meaning the devour or galloping horse gangrene, was known in the times of Hippocrates, Galen and Celsen.(1) Lund(2), who after studying 11 cases of gangrene of the mouth in young children, proposed the name noma (necrosis). Furthermore, it also refered to as gangrenous stomatitis, cancrum oris or in Chiness, dzo-ma-gan (running horse gangrene). (2) Noma is a highly progressive and destructive disease occuring in debilitated person especially children in whom the constitution is altered be bad hygiene and certain infectious diseases. (1,3) It usually begins as a small ulcers of the gingival mucosa. However, …
Abstract From Journals (ปกิณกะ : ย่อความจากวารสารต่างประเทศ)
Abstract From Journals (ปกิณกะ : ย่อความจากวารสารต่างประเทศ)
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Fractures Of The Facial Skeleton : Faculty Of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University., Somporn Prapanpoch, Yuvaboon Chanchamcharoon, Pairat Dhiravarangkura
Fractures Of The Facial Skeleton : Faculty Of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University., Somporn Prapanpoch, Yuvaboon Chanchamcharoon, Pairat Dhiravarangkura
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
A review of 580 cases of facial injuries from the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, during 1973-1983 revealed that motorcycle and car accidents were the major causes of facial bone fractures. The male-to-female ratio was 4.3 to 1. The site distribution in descending order of frequency was symphysis, body of the mandible, angle of the mandible, condylar process, zygomatic complex, alveolar process of maxilla and palate. The highest incidence recorded was in the group of patients between the ages of 20 and 29 years. Simple fracture was found to be the most common type of fractures. Most …
(X-Ray Museum) Supernumerary Tooth, Pairat Dhiravarangkura
(X-Ray Museum) Supernumerary Tooth, Pairat Dhiravarangkura
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
เทคนิคของการบูรณะฟันด้วยกลาสไอโอโนเมอร์ซีเมนต์, วิทยา พัฒนพีระเดช, วาสนา พัฒนพีระเดช
เทคนิคของการบูรณะฟันด้วยกลาสไอโอโนเมอร์ซีเมนต์, วิทยา พัฒนพีระเดช, วาสนา พัฒนพีระเดช
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
กลาสไอโอโนเมอร์ซีเมนต์ มีใช้ในวงการทันตแพทย์มาเกือบ 10 ปีแล้ว เป็นวัสดุ บูรณะฟันชนิดแรกที่มีแรงยึดทางเคมีกับผิวเคลือบฟันและเนื้อฟัน (Enamel and dentin) ใช้ได้ดีในการบูรณะฟันที่เกิดจากการสึกและกร่อนที่คอฟัน (class V) และฟันหน้าที่เกิด การทางด้านข้างและบริเวณคอฟันใกล้กับขอบเหงือก (class III และ class V) วิธีบูรณะ ที่แนะนําไว้ในบทความนี้ได้มาจากการติดตามผลงานการบูรณะฟันผู้ป่วยของผู้เขียน และ ศึกษาจากผลงานของผู้อื่น การใช้ซีเมนต์ชนิดนี้ด้วยความระมัดระวังทั้งการผสม การนําเข้าไป บูรณะและการขัดจะทําให้การบูรณะประสบผลสําเร็จอย่างดียิ่ง
บทรายงานผู้ป่วย การแพ้ยาอมบ้วนปากคลอเฮกซิดีน, อารีย์ เจนกิตติวงศ์
บทรายงานผู้ป่วย การแพ้ยาอมบ้วนปากคลอเฮกซิดีน, อารีย์ เจนกิตติวงศ์
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
รายงานผู้ป่วยที่เกิดปฏิกริยาแพ้ยาอมบ้วนปาก 0.2% คลอเฮกซิดีน ที่ทันตแพทย์ ใช้ในการรักษาไลเคน พลานัส (lichen planus)ในช่องปาก เพื่อผลในการป้องกันการ เกิดแผ่นคราบฟัน รอยโรคที่ปรากฏแสดงการหลุดลอกของเยื่อบุข้างแก้ม เมื่อเช็ดออกจะเป็นแผล สีแดงจัดในบริเวณมิวโคบัคคัลโฟลด์ (mucobuccal fold)มีอาการปวดแสบปวดร้อน แต่ เมื่อหยุดการใช้ยานี้ รอยโรคหายไปหมดในระยะเวลาเพียง 5 วัน
รายงานผู้ป่วย อะมีโลบลาสติค โอดอนโตมา, วินัย ศิริจิตร, พวงเพชร อิฐรัตน์
รายงานผู้ป่วย อะมีโลบลาสติค โอดอนโตมา, วินัย ศิริจิตร, พวงเพชร อิฐรัตน์
Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal
อะมีโลบลาสติค โอดอนโตมาเป็นเนื้องอกที่มีจุดกําเนิดเกี่ยวข้องกับการเกิดฟัน พบ โรคได้น้อยส่วนมากจะเกิดในเด็ก มีการทําลายกระดูกขากรรไกรอย่างรวดเร็ว ทําให้ใบหน้า ผู้ป่วยผิดปกติไป รายงานผู้ป่วยรายนี้ได้แสดงถึงลักษณะอาการทางคลินิก ภาพรังสี ลักษณะ จุลพยาธิวิทยา การรักษาโรค และการติดตามผลของการรักษาโดยละเอียด
Commencement Program 1984 (Summer Conferring Of Degrees), Loma Linda University
Commencement Program 1984 (Summer Conferring Of Degrees), Loma Linda University
Commencement Programs
CONTENTS
3 | The Academic Procession
4 | Conferring of Degrees
6 | Candidates for Degrees
14 | Awards
Force Relaxation In Matched Light Titanium And Stainless Steel Wires, Granville Gene Wilson
Force Relaxation In Matched Light Titanium And Stainless Steel Wires, Granville Gene Wilson
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Force relaxation was constantly monitored in light titanium alloy and stainless steel wires over a 7 day period in a simulated use test. The smallest dimension of round titanium wires now available were matched with round stainless steel wires in dimensions that most closely approximated the same stiffness. The .016" NITINOL (Unitek) and TITANAL (Lancer Pacific) wires were compared to .012" Standard Permachrome (Unitek) wire. The .016" TMA (Ormco) wire was compared to .014" Standard Permachrome (Unitek) wire. Six samples were tested for each wire type.
Each wire was ligated with Alastic modules (Unitek) into .018" x .025" slots of …
Effects Of Dentin Chips, Hydroxyapatite, And Demineralized Dentin As Apical Plugs, D. Wylie Brandell
Effects Of Dentin Chips, Hydroxyapatite, And Demineralized Dentin As Apical Plugs, D. Wylie Brandell
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Two mm plugs of demineralized dentin, hydroxyapatite, or dentin chips were condensed into the apical perforations of 48 anterior teeth of eight adult cynamolgus monkeys. The remainder of the canals were obturated with gutta percha and Grossmans sealer using lateral condensation technique. The degree of hard tissue formation and inflammation was evaluated at three and six months. No significant changes were noted between various materials at three months. However, after six months, the samples with apical plugs of hydroxyapatite had more hard tissue formation and less inflammation than others.
A Comparison Of Enamel Detachments After Debonding Between Unitek's "Dynalok" Bracket And A Foil-Mesh Bracket: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Robert E. Meister
A Comparison Of Enamel Detachments After Debonding Between Unitek's "Dynalok" Bracket And A Foil-Mesh Bracket: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Robert E. Meister
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The intent of this paper was to: 1. Evaluate the mode of adhesive failure when debonding both flexible and rigid base orthodontic brackets. 2. Evaluate the bracket bases for enamel detachments. 3. Measure the enamel detachments.
After preforming shear test on flexible and rigid base orthodontic brackets mounted to extracted human teeth it was determined that failure occurred at the enamel/adhesive interface 30% of the time, at the bracket/adhesive interface 10% of the time and a combination of these 60% of the time for both groups.
Five brackets from each group were evaluated for enamel detachments using energy dispersive x-ray …
Orthodontists' Attitudes Toward Expanding Career Opportunities For The Dental Hygienist In Orthodontics, Julie A. Foster
Orthodontists' Attitudes Toward Expanding Career Opportunities For The Dental Hygienist In Orthodontics, Julie A. Foster
Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this survey was to determine attitudes of orthodontists toward employing dental hygienists. A self-designed, 33 item questionnaire was used to obtain descriptive data. The questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of orthodontists chosen from the United States portion of the Orthodontic Directory of the World (N=500). Data were obtained from 298 orthodontists for a 58.6 percent response rate.
The study suggests that although orthodontists believe dental hygienists are important oral health professionals (96.2 percent) and important parts of the orthodontic practice (32.6 percent), only 10.9 percent of orthodontists surveyed employ dental hygienists. Factors determined to be …
Commencement Program 1984, Loma Linda University
Commencement Program 1984, Loma Linda University
Commencement Programs
CONTENTS
2 | 1984 Events of Commencement
3 | Academic Procession
4 | The Speakers
7 | The Honorees
Order of Program
- School of Medicine, 12
- Graduate School, 18
- School of Dentistry, 23
- School of Nursing, 29
- School of Education, 32
- College of Arts and Sciences, 38
- School of Allied Health Professions, 45
- School of Health, 50
Temporomandibular Joint Relations Of Bone And Lateral Pterygoid Muscle : A Computerized Tomography Study, Duane K. Yamashiro
Temporomandibular Joint Relations Of Bone And Lateral Pterygoid Muscle : A Computerized Tomography Study, Duane K. Yamashiro
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This study utilized the imaging technique of computerized tomography (CT). Scans taken with a GE CT/N 8800 scanner of an adult cadaver and a 12-patient group were obtained through the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, TMJ Department, and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Department of Neuroradiology.
The lateral scout image and a lateral cephalogram of the cadaver were compared using six angular measurements for facial type from Ricketts' Cephalometric Analysis. The six measurements, Maxillary Depth, Facial Depth, Mandibular Arc, Mandibular Plane, Lower Face Height and Facial Axis, were found to be similar. This allowed the investigator to rely exclusively …
A Comparison Of Indirect Lingual Bracket Placement By Practitioners And A Commercial Laboratory As It Relates To Crown Torque, Randy E. Buchmiller
A Comparison Of Indirect Lingual Bracket Placement By Practitioners And A Commercial Laboratory As It Relates To Crown Torque, Randy E. Buchmiller
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Four sets of patient models were selected from the eighty cases Ormco Corporation used in the development of their lingual bonded appliance. These four sets of models were duplicated and identical sets of four models were sent to each practitioner and the laboratory. The practitioners and the laboratory were to position the lingual brackets on the models from second bicuspid to second bicuspid upper and lower and return them to Loma Linda University Department of Orthodontics for evaluation.
The laboratory chosen for placement of the brackets was the Ormco laboratory in Glendora, California. The laboratory ran these four cases through …
Cephalometric Changes In The Soft Tissue Chin After Orthodontic Treatment, Ruchi Nanda Singh
Cephalometric Changes In The Soft Tissue Chin After Orthodontic Treatment, Ruchi Nanda Singh
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This study was performed to cephalometrically assess the soft tissue chin changes from orthodontic treatment and after 5 years post-treatment. Variability in the soft tissue chin structure between the different facial types and between the sexes was also evaluated.
Sixty patients, treated by Dr. Ricketts, were selected from the Rocky Mountain Data system files. Pretreatment, post-treatment and 5 year post-treatment cephalograms were taken on each patient and the soft tissue chin thickness was measured at six points around the symphysis. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each point on the symphysis by sex and facial type.
The post-treatment data …