Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Simultaneous Real-Time Imaging Of Leading And Lagging Strand Synthesis Reveals The Coordination Dynamics Of Single Replisomes, Karl E. Duderstadt, Hylkje J. Geertsema, Sarah A. Stratmann, Christiaan M. Punter, Arkadiusz W. Kulczyk, Charles C. Richardson, Antoine M. Van Oijen

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

The molecular machinery responsible for DNA replication, the replisome, must efficiently coordinate DNA unwinding with priming and synthesis to complete duplication of both strands. Due to the anti-parallel nature of DNA, the leading strand is copied continuously, while the lagging strand is produced by repeated cycles of priming, DNA looping, and Okazaki-fragment synthesis. Here, we report a multidimensional single-molecule approach to visualize this coordination in the bacteriophage T7 replisome by simultaneously monitoring the kinetics of loop growth and leading-strand synthesis. We show that loops in the lagging strand predominantly occur during priming and only infrequently support subsequent Okazaki-fragment synthesis. Fluorescence …

Factors Influencing Deprescribing For Residents In Advanced Care Facilities: Insights From General Practitioners In Australia And Sweden, Beata Borgström Bolmsjö, Anna Palagyi, Lisa Keay, Jan M. Potter, Richard I. Lindley

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background: General Practitioners (GPs) are responsible for primary prescribing decisions in most settings. Elderly patients living in Advanced Care Facilities (ACFs) often have significant co-morbidities to consider when selecting an appropriate drug therapy. Careful assessment is required when considering appropriate medication use in frail older patients as they have multiple diseases and thus multiple medication. Many physicians seem reluctant to discontinue other physicians' prescriptions, resulting in further polypharmacy. Therefore it is relevant to ascertain and synthesise the GP views from multiple settings to understand the processes that might promote appropriate deprescribing medications in the elderly. The aims of this …

Local Birthing Services For Rural Women: Adaptation Of A Rural New South Wales Maternity Service, Michelle Durst, Margaret I. Rolfe, Jo Longman, Sarah Robin, Beverley Dhnaram, Kathryn L. Mullany, Ian M. R Wright, Lesley M. Barclay

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Objective: To describe the outcomes of a public hospital maternity unit in rural New South Wales (NSW) following the adaptation of the service from an obstetrician and general practitioner-obstetrician (GPO)-led birthing service to a low-risk midwifery group practice (MGP) model of care with a planned caesarean section service (PCS).

Design: A retrospective descriptive study using quantitative methodology.

Setting: Maternity unit in a small public hospital in rural New South Wales, Australia.

Participants: Data were extracted from the wardbased birth register for 1172 births at the service between July 2007 and June 2012.

Main outcome measures: Birth …

Discontinuation Of Peri-Operative Gentamicin Use For Indwelling Urinary Catheter Manipulation In Orthopaedic Surgery, Stuart Bond, Craig S. Boutlis, Stuart G. Jansen, Spiros Miyakis

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background Gentamicin has historically been used prior to insertion and removal of indwelling urinary catheters (IDCs) around elective joint replacement surgery to prevent infection; however, this indication is not recognized in the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic and the paradigm for safe use of gentamicin has shifted.

Methods The antimicrobial stewardship team of a 500 bed tertiary regional hospital performed a retrospective clinical study of gentamicin IDC prophylaxis around total hip and knee arthroplasties. Results were presented to the orthopaedic surgeons. A literature review identified no guidelines to support gentamicin prophylaxis and only a very low risk of bacteraemia associated with …

Ar-12 Inhibits Multiple Chaperones Concomitant With Stimulating Autophagosome Formation Collectively Preventing Virus Replication, Laurence Booth, Jane L. Roberts, Heath Ecroyd, Sarah R. Tritsch, Sina Bavari, St. Patrick Reid, Stefan Proniuk, Alexander Zukiwski, Abraham Jacob, Claudia S. Sepulveda

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

We have recently demonstrated that AR-12 (OSU-03012) reduces the function and ATPase activities of multiple HSP90 and HSP70 family chaperones. Combined knock down of chaperones or AR-12 treatment acted to reduce the expression of virus receptors and essential glucosidase proteins. Combined knock down of chaperones or AR-12 treatment inactivated mTOR and elevated ATG13 S318 phosphorylation concomitant with inducing an endoplasmic reticulum stress response that in an eIF2α-dependent fashion increased Beclin1 and LC3 expression and autophagosome formation. Over-expression of chaperones prevented the reduction in receptor/glucosidase expression, mTOR inactivation, the ER stress response, and autophagosome formation. AR-12 reduced the reproduction of viruses …

The Theory Of Expanded, Extended, And Enhanced Opportunities For Youth Physical Activity Promotion, Michael W. Beets, Anthony D. Okely, Robert Glenn Weaver, Collin A. Webster, David R. Lubans, Tim Brusseau, Russ Carson, Dylan P. Cliff

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background Physical activity interventions targeting children and adolescents (≤18 years) often focus on complex intra- and inter-personal behavioral constructs, social-ecological frameworks, or some combination of both. Recently published meta-analytical reviews and large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that these intervention approaches have largely produced minimal or no improvements in young people's physical activity levels.

Discussion In this paper, we propose that the main reason for previous studies' limited effects is that fundamental mechanisms that lead to change in youth physical activity have often been overlooked or misunderstood. Evidence from observational and experimental studies is presented to support the development of …

The Physical Activity 4 Everyone Cluster Randomized Trial: 2-Year Outcomes Of A School Physical Activity Intervention Among Adolescents, Rachel L. Sutherland, Elizabeth M. Campbell, David R. Lubans, Philip J. Morgan, Nicole K. Nathan, Luke Wolfenden, Anthony D. Okely, Karen E. Gillham, Jenna L. Hollis, Christopher J. Oldmeadow, Amanda J. Williams, Lynda J. Davies, Jarrod S. Wiese, Alessandra Bisquera, John H. Wiggers

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Introduction: Few interventions have been successful in reducing the physical activity decline typically observed among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to report the 24-month effectiveness of a multicomponent school-based intervention (Physical Activity 4 Everyone) in reducing the decline in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among secondary school students in disadvantaged areas of New South Wales, Australia.

Study design: A cluster RCT was conducted in five intervention and five control schools with follow-up measures taken at 24 months post-randomization.

Setting/participants: The trial was undertaken within secondary schools located in disadvantaged communities in New South Wales, …

Recent Developments In Geant4, J Allison, K Amako, J Apostolakis, Pedro Arce, M Asai, T Aso, E Bagli, A Bagulya, S Banerjee, G Barrand, Susanna Guatelli

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

GEANT4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Over the past several years, major changes have been made to the toolkit in order to accommodate the needs of these user communities, and to efficiently exploit the growth of computing power made available by advances in technology. The adaptation of GEANT4 to multithreading, advances in physics, detector modeling and visualization, extensions to the toolkit, …

Mass Spectrometry Data And Size Exclusion Chromatography Profiles Of Australian Taipan Venom Toxins, Julian Harrison, John Andrew Aquilina

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

The compositions of paradoxin and taipoxin (PDx and TPx, respectively) were investigated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS). The elution profiles from size exclusion chromatography of the venoms from Oxyuranus microlepidotus and Oxyuranus scutellatus were similar. Fractions corresponding to the trimeric toxins were treated with guanidinium hydrochloride and the individual subunits were separated by HPLC. In this report we present the size exclusion chromatography profiles for these toxins, and the nano-ESI mass spectra of the subunits after separation by HPLC: the first such comparative study of these toxins at the protein level. Data in this …

Identification Of Rare Variants In Kctd13 At The Schizophrenia Risk Locus 16p11.2, Franziska Degenhardt, Barbara Heinemann, Jana Strohmaier, Marvin A. Pfohl, Ina Giegling, Andrea Hofman, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Stephanie H. Witt, Michael Ludwig, Andreas J. Forstner, Margot Albus, Sibylle G. Schwab, Margitta Borrmann-Hassenbach, Leonhard Lennertz, Michael Wagner, Per Hoffmann, Dan Rujescu, Wolfgang Maier, Sven Cichon, Marcella Rietschel, Marcus M. Nothen

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Duplications in 16p11.2 are a risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Using genetically modified zebrafish, Golzio and colleagues identified KCTD13 within 16p11.2 as a major driver of the neuropsychiatric phenotype observed in humans. The aims of the present study were to explore the role of KCTD13 in the development of SCZ and to provide a more complete picture of the allelic architecture at this risk locus. The exons of KCTD13 were sequenced in 576 patients. The mutations c.6G>T and c.598G>A were identified in one patient each. Both mutations were predicted to be functionally relevant and were absent from the …

Graduate-Entry Medical Students: Older And Wiser But Not Less Distressed, Dion Casey, Susan J. Thomas, Darren R. Hocking, Anna Kemp-Casey

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives: Australia has a growing number of graduate-entry medical courses. It is known that undergraduate medical students have high levels of psychological distress; however, little is known about graduate-entry medical students. We examined whether graduate-entry medical students had higher levels of psychological distress than the same-age general population. Method: Psychological distress was assessed in 122 graduate-entry medical students in an Australian graduate-entry medical school using the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. Mean scores and the proportion of students with scores in the highly distressed range were compared with non-clinical population norms. Scores were also compared across demographic characteristics. Results: …

Removal Of Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) From Groundwater By Reverse Osmosis And Nanofiltration, Hamad Nasser Altalyan, Brian G. Jones, John M. Bradd, Long D. Nghiem, Yasir M. Alyazichi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A comprehensive study was conducted to examine the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which exist in groundwater at Southlands-Botany Bay (Sydney region). The ability of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) as advanced treatments was investigated using two commercially available NF or RO membranes. Laboratory-scale tests were used with cross-flow; tests were conducted with 16 ubiquitous compounds that represented the significant volatile organic compounds found in the contaminated groundwater. The results reported in this study indicate that the removal efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) was better than NF in rejecting the VOCs detected in groundwater. This study revealed that …

Impact Factor Of Medical Education Journals And Recently Developed Indices: Can Any Of Them Support Academic Promotion Criteria?, Samy A. Azer, Are Holen, Ian G. Wilson, Norbert Skokauskas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Journal Impact Factor (JIF) has been used in assessing scientific journals. Other indices, h- and g-indices and Article Influence Score (AIS), have been developed to overcome some limitations of JIF. The aims of this study were, first, to critically assess the use of JIF and other parameters related to medical education research, and second, to discuss the capacity of these indices in assessing research productivity as well as their utility in academic promotion. The JIF of 16 medical education journals from 2000 to 2011 was examined together with the research evidence about JIF in assessing research outcomes of medical educators. …

Source And Meteorological Influences On Air Quality (Co, Ch4 & Co2) At A Southern Hemisphere Urban Site, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T Griffith, Dagmar C. Kubistin, Christopher Caldow, Jenny A. Fisher, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Graham C. Kettlewell, Martin Riggenbach, Ronald Macatangay, Paul B. Krummel, R L. Langenfelds

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Wollongong, Australia is an urban site at the intersection of anthropogenic, biomass burning, biogenic and marine sources of atmospheric trace gases. The location offers a valuable opportunity to study drivers of atmospheric composition in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, a record of surface carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured with an in situ Fourier transform infrared trace gas analyser between April 2011 and August 2014. Clean air was found to arrive at Wollongong in approximately 10% of air masses. Biomass burning influence was evident in the average annual cycle of clean air CO during austral spring. …

Positive Clinical Outcomes Are Synergistic With Positive Educational Outcomes When Using Telehealth Consulting In General Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study, Patricia J. Knight-Billington, Andrew D. Bonney, Greg Teuss, Michelle Guppy, Danielle Y. Lafferre, Judy Mullan, Stephen Barnett

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: The use of telehealth technology to enable real-time consultations between patients and specialist services (to whom travel may be an impediment to the patient's care) has recently been encouraged in Australia through financial incentives. However, the uptake has been both fragmented and inconsistent. The potential benefits for patients include access to a broader range of specialist referral services, cost and time saving, and more rapid access to specialist services and a continuum of care through the triangulation of interaction between patient, primary health care providers (general practitioners and nurses), and specialists. Enhanced broadband connectivity and higher-grade encryption present an …

Barricades And Brickwalls - A Qualitative Study Exploring Perceptions Of Medication Use And Deprescribing In Long-Term Care, Anna Palagyi, Lisa Keay, Jessica Harper, Jan M. Potter, Richard I. Lindley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background The co-administration of multiple drugs (polypharmacy) is the single most common cause of adverse drug events in the older population, and residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at particularly high risk of medication harm. 'Deprescribing' - the withdrawal of an inappropriate medication with goal of managing polypharmacy and improving outcomes - may improve the quality of life of LTCF residents. The RELEASE study sought to explore perceptions of medication use and the concept of deprescribing in LTCFs. Methods Focus groups and interviews were conducted with General Practitioners (GPs), pharmacists, nursing staff, residents and their relatives within three LTCFs …

Earliest Hominin Occupation Of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, Bo Li, Adam R. Brumm, Rainer Grün, Dida Yurnaldi, Mark W. Moore, Iwan Kurniawan, Ruly Setiawan, Fachroel Aziz, Richard G. Roberts, - Suyono, Michael Storey, Erick Setiabudi, Michael J. Morwood

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sulawesi is the largest and oldest island within Wallacea, a vast zone of oceanic islands separating continental Asia from the Pleistocene landmass of Australia and Papua (Sahul). By one million years ago an unknown hominin lineage had colonized Flores immediately to the south1, and by about 50 thousand years ago, modern humans (Homo sapiens) had crossed to Sahul2, 3. On the basis of position, oceanic currents and biogeographical context, Sulawesi probably played a pivotal part in these dispersals4. Uranium-series dating of speleothem deposits associated with rock art in the limestone karst region of Maros in southwest Sulawesi has revealed that …

Editorial: Roles Of Ion Channels In Immune Cells, Leanne Stokes, Amanda B. Mackenzie, Ronald Sluyter

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Editorial on the Research Topic - Roles of Ion Channels in Immune Cells

Indicator-Based Assessment Of Climate-Change Impacts On Coasts: A Review Of Concepts, Methodological Approaches And Vulnerability Indices, Thang T. X Nguyen, Jarbas Bonetti, Kerrylee Rogers, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Increasing human pressures on coastlines and associated threats posed by sea-level rise have stimulated development of a range of different concepts and methodological approaches to assess coastal vulnerability. The first section of this paper summarizes the concepts associated with vulnerability, natural hazards and climate change. The most widely adopted analytical approaches to vulnerability assessment are described, including spatial scales, the need for hybrid approaches comprising both biophysical and social dimensions of vulnerability, and the gradual incorporation of resilience aspects into such methodologies. In particular, the development and application of vulnerability indices is examined, based on a review of more than …

Australians Are Not Meeting The Recommended Intakes For Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Results Of An Analysis From The 2011-2012 National Nutrition And Physical Activity Survey, Barbara J. Meyer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Health benefits have been attributed to omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). Therefore it is important to know if Australians are currently meeting the recommended intake for n-3 LCPUFA and if they have increased since the last National Nutrition Survey in 1995 (NNS 1995). Dietary intake data was obtained from the recent 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2011-2012 NNPAS). Linoleic acid (LA) intakes have decreased whilst alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) and n-3 LCPUFA intakes have increased primarily due to n-3 LCPUFA supplements. The median n-3 LCPUFA intakes are less than 50% of the mean n-3 LCPUFA intakes …

Evaluation Of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Clinical Confidence Following A Mental Health Recovery Camp, Thomas Cowley, Susan Liersch, Lorna Moxham, Ellie K. Taylor, Renee M. Brighton, Christopher F. Patterson, Elizabeth J. Halcomb

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In the present study, we evaluate the impact of participation in a mental health recovery camp on the clinical confidence of undergraduate nursing students in dealing with individuals with mental illness. Twenty undergraduate nursing students who participated in the recovery camp completed the Mental Health Nursing Clinical Confidence Scale both before and directly after attending the camp. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Participation in the recovery camp was associated with a statistically-significant increase in students' level of overall confidence between the pretest and post-test data (P < 0.005). The results also demonstrated that students over the age of 25 years and who do not have a family history of mental illness are more likely to self-report a higher level of confidence in both the pre- and post-results. The clinical confidence of undergraduate nursing students improved through participation in an immersive clinical experience within the recovery camp.

Clinical Leadership Development In A Pre-Registration Nursing Curriculum: What The Profession Has To Say About It, Angela M. Brown, Patrick A. Crookes, Jan Dewing

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background In the last decade literature, inquiries and reports into the short comings in health services have highlighted the vital role of leadership in clinical practice and the impact on patient care and effective workplace culture. Whilst there is an abundance of literature on leadership and the registered nursing workforce, an international literature review revealed there is very little known on leadership development in pre-registration nursing programmes. Objective To identify what the profession's views are on proposed indicative curriculum content suggested for clinical leadership development in a pre-registration nursing degree in Australia. Design This is a multi-method research study. This …

Cognitive Factors Predicting Checking, Procrastination And Other Maladaptive Behaviours: Prospective Versus Inhibitory Intolerance Of Uncertainty, Alice Fourtounas, Susan J. Thomas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive construct which is strongly linked to psychopathology, particularly anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. IU has also been proposed to be linked to maladaptive behaviours such as checking and procrastination in uncertain situations. Additionally, two subfactors of IU have recently been identified, Prospective IU (Desire for Predictability) and Inhibitory IU (Uncertainty Paralysis). These factors may differentially predict approach and avoidance behaviours respectively, however research is lacking. This study investigated associations between IU subfactors and self-reported maladaptive behaviours. University students (n=110; 74.3% female) completed self-report measures of behaviours including checking, procrastination, general avoidance and controlling behaviours. …

Towards Understanding The Variability In Biospheric Co2 Fluxes: Using Ftir Spectrometry And A Chemical Transport Model To Investigate The Sources And Sinks Of Carbonyl Sulfide And Its Link To Co2, Yuting Wang, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Mathias Palm, Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt, Ian Baker, Joseph A. Berry, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Nicholas B. Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Bernard Lejeune, James W. Hannigan, Stephanie Conway, Joseph Mendonca, Kimberly Strong, J Elliott Campbell, Adam Wolf, Stefanie Kremser

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Understanding carbon dioxide (CO2) biospheric processes is of great importance because the terrestrial exchange drives the seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the atmosphere. Atmospheric inversions based on CO2 concentration measurements alone can only determine net biosphere fluxes, but not differentiate between photosynthesis (uptake) and respiration (production). Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) could provide an important additional constraint: it is also taken up by plants during photosynthesis but not emitted during respiration, and therefore is a potential means to differentiate between these processes. Solar absorption Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry allows for the retrievals of the atmospheric concentrations of both CO2 …

Effects Of Physical Exercise On Health And Well-Being Of Individuals Living With A Dementia In Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review, Lindsey Brett, Victoria Traynor, Paul J. Stapley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Physical exercise interventions have benefits for older individuals and improve the health and well-being of individuals living with a dementia, specifically those living in nursing homes. Purpose Report evidence from randomized controlled trials and cluster randomized control trials that evaluated the effects of physical exercise interventions on individuals living with a dementia in nursing homes. Data sources Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete, Proquest Central, British Medical Journal Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Informit, Informa, and Nursing Consult were searched for relevant clinical trials and snowballing of recommended studies. Study selection One reviewer screened articles on …

Methodology For Developing Competency Standards For Dietitians In Australia, Claire Palermo, Jane Conway, Eleanor Beck, Janeane Dart, Sandra Capra, Susan Ash

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Competency standards document the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for competent performance. This study develops competency standards for dietitians in order to substantiate an approach to competency standard development. Focus groups explored the current and emerging purpose, role, and function of the profession, which were used to draft competency standards. Consensus was then sought using two rounds of a Delphi survey. Seven focus groups were conducted with 28 participants (15 employers/practitioners, 5 academics, 8 new graduates). Eighty-two of 110 invited experts participated in round one and 67 experts completed round two. Four major functions of dietitians were identified: being a …

Retrieval Of Xco2 From Ground-Based Mid-Infrared (Ndacc) Solar Absorption Spectra And Comparison To Tccon, Matthias Buschmann, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Vanessa Sherlock, Mathias Palm, Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

High-resolution solar absorption spectra, taken within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Infrared Working Group (NDACC-IRWG) in the mid-infrared spectral region, are used to infer partial or total column abundances of many gases. In this paper we present the retrieval of a column-averaged mole fraction of carbon dioxide from NDACC-IRWG spectra taken with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the site in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. The retrieved time series is compared to colocated standard TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (denoted by xCO2). Comparing the NDACC and TCCON retrievals, …

Outcomes Related To Nutrition Screening In Community Living Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review, Aliza Haslinda Hamirudin, Karen E. Charlton, Karen L. Walton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction Nutrition screening is an initial procedure in which the risk of malnutrition is identified. The aims of this review were to identify malnutrition risk from nutrition screening studies that have used validated nutrition screening tools in community living older adults; and to identify types of nutrition interventions, pathways of care and patient outcomes following screening. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for the period from January 1994 until December 2013 using SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed and COCHRANE databases as well as a manual search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined for the literature searches and …

Computational Characterisation Of The Interactions Between Human St6gal I And Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors: Insights For Inhibitor Design, Andrew Montgomery, Remi Szabo, Danielle Skropeta, Haibo Yu

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Human β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase I (hST6Gal I) catalyses the synthesis of sialylated glycoconjugates involved in cell-cell interactions. Overexpression of hST6Gal I is observed in many different types of cancers, where it promotes metastasis through altered cell surface sialylation. A wide range of sialyltransferase (ST) inhibitors have been developed based on the natural donor, cytidine 5′-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac). Of these, analogues that are structurally similar to the transition state exhibit the highest inhibitory activity. In order to design inhibitors that are readily accessible synthetically and with favourable pharmacokinetic properties, an investigation of the replacement of the charged phosphodiester-linker, present in many …

Extensive Glaciation In Transbaikalia, Siberia, At The Last Glacial Maximum, Martin Margold, John D. Jansen, Artem L. Gurinov, Alexandru T. Codilean, David Fink, Frank Preusser, Natalya V. Reznichenko, Charles C. Mifsud

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Successively smaller glacial extents have been proposed for continental Eurasia during the stadials of the last glacial period leading up to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the same time the large mountainous region east of Lake Baikal, Transbaikalia, has remained unexplored in terms of glacial chronology despite clear geomorphological evidence of substantial past glaciations. We have applied cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence to establish the first quantitative glacial chronology for this region. Based on eighteen exposure ages from five moraine complexes, we propose that large mountain ice fields existed in the Kodar and Udokan mountains during …