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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Key Structural Determinants In The Agonist Binding Loops Of Human Β2 And Β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Contribute To Α3Β4 Subtype Selectivity Of Α-Conotoxins, Hartmut Cuny, Shiva N. Kompella, Han Shen Tae, Rilei Yu, David J. Adams
Key Structural Determinants In The Agonist Binding Loops Of Human Β2 And Β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Contribute To Α3Β4 Subtype Selectivity Of Α-Conotoxins, Hartmut Cuny, Shiva N. Kompella, Han Shen Tae, Rilei Yu, David J. Adams
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
α-Conotoxins represent a large group of pharmacologically active peptides that antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The α3β4 nAChR, a predominant subtype in the peripheral nervous system, has been implicated in various pathophysiological conditions. As many α-conotoxins have multiple pharmacological targets, compounds specifically targeting individual nAChR subtypes are needed. In this study, we performed mutational analyses to evaluate the key structural components of human β2 and β4 nAChR subunits that determine α-conotoxin selectivity for α3β4 nAChR. α-Conotoxin RegIIA was used to evaluate the impact of non-conserved human β2 and β4 residues on peptide affinity. Two mutations, α3β2[T59K] and α3β2[S113R], strongly enhanced …
Perspective: The Path To Confirming And Exploiting Potential Satiety-Enhancing Effects Of Sorghum-Based Foods For Human Diets, Anita Stefoska-Needham, Eleanor J. Beck, Linda C. Tapsell
Perspective: The Path To Confirming And Exploiting Potential Satiety-Enhancing Effects Of Sorghum-Based Foods For Human Diets, Anita Stefoska-Needham, Eleanor J. Beck, Linda C. Tapsell
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Consumer trends, particularly in populations burdened with high rates of obesity and overweight, indicate a growing demand for food products with specific satiety-enhancing effects to assist with appetite regulation and longer-term weight management. Sorghum whole grain, containing dietary fibre, slowly digestible starches and polyphenolic compounds, has been identified as a potential ingredient in the formulation of novel food products targeted for appetite control. Rigorous human clinical trials are necessary to build evidence for these purported effects, including studies that examine the underlying satiety-enhancing mechanisms. This paper provides perspectives on the path to confirming and exploiting potential satiety attributes of sorghum-based …
Master Athletes Are Extending The Limits Of Human Endurance, Romuald Lepers, Paul J. Stapley
Master Athletes Are Extending The Limits Of Human Endurance, Romuald Lepers, Paul J. Stapley
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Theincreasedparticipationofmasterathletes(i.e.,>40yearsold)inenduranceandultra-enduranceevents(>6hduration)overthepastfewdecadeshasbeenaccompaniedbyanimprovementintheirperformancesatamuchfasterratethantheiryoungercounterparts.Agingdoeshoweverresultinadecreaseinoverallenduranceperformance.Suchage-relateddeclinesinperformancedependuponthemodesoflocomotion,eventduration,andgenderoftheparticipant.Forexample,smallerage-relateddeclinesincyclingperformancethaninrunningandswimminghavebeendocumented.Therelativestabilityofgenderdifferencesobservedacrosstheagessuggeststhattheage-relateddeclinesinphysiologicalfunctiondidnotdifferbetweenmalesandfemales.Amongthemainphysiologicaldeterminantsofenduranceperformance,themaximaloxygenconsumption(VO2max)appearstobetheparameterthatismostalteredbyage.ExerciseeconomyandtheexerciseintensityatwhichahighfractionofVO2maxcanbesustained(i.e.,lactatethreshold),seemtodeclinetoalesserextentwithadvancingage.Theabilitytomaintainahighexercise-trainingstimuluswithadvancingageisemergingasthesinglemostimportantmeansoflimitingtherateofdeclineinenduranceperformance.Byconstantlyextendingthelimitsof(ultra)-endurance,masterathletesthereforerepresentanimportantinsightintotheabilityofhumanstomaintainphysicalperformanceandphysiologicalfunctionwithadvancingage.