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Articles 661 - 690 of 11583

Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology

Transfer Of The South Australian Dryland Farming Technology To Countries In West Asia And North Africa, K G. Boyce, G D. Webber, A W.H Lake Oct 2025

Transfer Of The South Australian Dryland Farming Technology To Countries In West Asia And North Africa, K G. Boyce, G D. Webber, A W.H Lake

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The principles of the technology of ley farming practiced in South Australia based on the use of annual self-regenerating pasture legumes in rotation with cereal cropping has been successfully transferred to areas of similar ecological conditions and agricultural production in countries of West Asia and North Africa. A number of development programmes have demonstrated tangible benefits to agricultural production and soil conservation. Further exploitation of these findings now require application and adoption at farmer level.

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Use Of Grassland Division Constraints Water Control Analysis Of A Dairy Farm In Lorraine, France, M Benoit, J Brossier, E Chia, A Hentgen Oct 2025

Use Of Grassland Division Constraints Water Control Analysis Of A Dairy Farm In Lorraine, France, M Benoit, J Brossier, E Chia, A Hentgen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A survey of one thousand farms, a daily monitoring on eight farms, and a simulation model of one real farm allow us to identify and measure the essential constraints limiting the dairy production on farms using a large proportion of grass lands. The main constrains are tied to the spatial distribution of the fields and the physical milieu. The study shows possible solutions. In the frame of the research realized by the multidisciplinary team on the agrarian systems and the evolution of the farming systems in Lorraine, we focus our attention on the land division pattern and water control that …

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Managerial Characteristics Of The Grassland Type Dairy Farming In Hokkaido, Japan, Y Miyazawa Oct 2025

Managerial Characteristics Of The Grassland Type Dairy Farming In Hokkaido, Japan, Y Miyazawa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hokkaido is the northernmost island of Japan with an area of about 78,500 km2 and lies between 41 ° and 46°N. Dairy farming in Hokkaido, being endowed with vast land resources, has overcome severe climatic conditions and expanded its scale of operations through such measures as developing and improving grassland. Its main type of dairy farming can be said to be of the-grassland-type and the feeding resources of which depends mainly on pastures. The dairy farming in Hokkaido, therefore, is represented by this grassland-type that is one of the alternative types to be developed under comparatively unfavorable land conditions, such …

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Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Species With A Farming System Perspective, R R. Vera, C Sere Oct 2025

Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Species With A Farming System Perspective, R R. Vera, C Sere

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A scheme of tropical pastures evalution that integrates experiment station and on-farm research, system monitoring, networking, and adoption studies is described. Examples of on-farm experiments and observations are presented. Selected results of physical and economic performance of introduced pastures as well as whole system productivity are shown. Implications for farmer adoption of tropical pasture species and for future research are discussed.

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Interdisciplinary Beef - Forage Management Demonstrations, G D. Lacefield, W R. Burris, E D. Miksch, M Rasnake Oct 2025

Interdisciplinary Beef - Forage Management Demonstrations, G D. Lacefield, W R. Burris, E D. Miksch, M Rasnake

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An interdisciplinary project, designated as Comprehensive Cow-Calf Management Demonstrations, was initiated by a term of extension specialists to demonstrate recommended management practices for cow-calf producers. The team consisted of extension specialists in beef cattle, agronomy and veterinary science. Cooperators for comprehensive on-farm demonstrations were nominated by county extension agents for agriculture and local veterinary practitioners. Selected cooperators were using a minimum of recommended practices but exhibited a willingness to make suggested changes. Farms were inventoried initially for cattle number and condition, soil capability and fertility, and existing facilities. Farm plans were then developed that would permit utilization of available resources …

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Weight Gains And Nutrition Of Cattle Grazing On Grasslands Of Central Interior British Columbia, Canada, D A. Quinton, L Stroesser, H Douwes Oct 2025

Weight Gains And Nutrition Of Cattle Grazing On Grasslands Of Central Interior British Columbia, Canada, D A. Quinton, L Stroesser, H Douwes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Average daily gains and nutrient deficiencies of cattle grazing three grassland zones in British Columbia are shown. Cattle production was greatest on the rough fescue (Festuca scabrella) -bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) association and least on the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) -bluebunch wheatgrass association. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cattle diets generally paralleled cattle gains. Increases in these nutrients in forages correlate to increased cattle gains. Depressed weight gains, poor growth of calves, late estrous cycling of cows, and white muscle disease of calves are all livestock symptoms associated with nutrient deficiencies of cattle …

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Sward Evaluation In Different Italian Environments To Model Productivity, P Talamucci, F Bonciarelli, P Bullitta, A Cavallero, C F. Cereti, F Miglietta, R Santilocchi, U Ziliotto Oct 2025

Sward Evaluation In Different Italian Environments To Model Productivity, P Talamucci, F Bonciarelli, P Bullitta, A Cavallero, C F. Cereti, F Miglietta, R Santilocchi, U Ziliotto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Production of three mixtures was tested in order to determine the production functions in different environments of sown swards which were either grazed or cut and grazed. The experiment took place in six italian localities between 41 and46 degress North. Mixtures were formed by two legumes (Trifolium repens + Lotus corniculatus) and by one of three different grasses (Festuca arundinacea , Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense) of different earliness. Production of each locality was registered weekly and related as cumulative data to following pedoclimatic parameters: thermal summation, wilting point, field capacity, ETP, thermohydrological coefficient (L ETP x …

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Yield And Regrowth Characteristics Of Alfalfa Grazed By Sheep In Spring And Summer, V G. Allen, D D. Wolf, J P. Fontenot Oct 2025

Yield And Regrowth Characteristics Of Alfalfa Grazed By Sheep In Spring And Summer, V G. Allen, D D. Wolf, J P. Fontenot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) would provide high quality pasture in animal production systems. The influence of grazing alfalfa with sheep in early spring or in summer on regrowth characteristics, weed encroachment, and subsequent yields was investigated during two years and on hay yields during year 3 with no grazing imposed. Alfalfa was grazed in spring for 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks at two grazing pressures: light (LAI of 1.0) and heavy (LAI< 0.5). Non-grazed alfalfa was harvested at late bud stage. Regrowth on all systems was harvested at 1/10 bloom. Grazing for 6 weeks reduced subsequent hay yield only in year 2. Heavy grazing pressure increased weed encroachment but weeds were effectively controlled with herbicides. Few residual effects were measurable in year 3. Another planting of alfalfa was grazed in summer following two hay cuts by five systems: 1), 2), and 3) grazed about 14 days after second hay cut for 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively; 4) grazed at early bud stage for 7-10 days; 5) grazed at early bloom for 7 days. For system 6, alfalfa was not grazed and hay was cut at 1/10 bloom. Following grazing, hay was cutif regrowth reached 1/10 bloom stage. Grazing for 2, 4, and 6 weeks linearly decreased fall regrowth and increased weed encroachment. In year 3, yield was reduced by grazing except at early bloom but differences were slight by August. Weed encroachment tended to increase with grazing duration. These data indicate that alfalfa is more tolerant of grazing in spring than summer. If weeds are controlled, extended grazing durations appear possible.

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The Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K In Yield Of Natural Pasture Grazed By Sheep On Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, T Di Ella, F Carone Oct 2025

The Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K In Yield Of Natural Pasture Grazed By Sheep On Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, T Di Ella, F Carone

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to raise the very low pasture yield in the dry regions of Southern Italy, a research was undertaken on the efficiency of mineral fertilization, owing to the variability of climatic conditions. Two levels of N (0-50 Kg ha-1), P (0-100 Kg ha-1) and K (0-100 Kg ha-1) arranged in factorial combinations were compared with a pasture grazed by sheep in a hilly area of Basilicata region (550 m s.l.} since 1982. During the spring of the first two years rainfalls amounted respectively to 79 mm and 146 mm while maximum temperature reached 30°C and 22°C in May, therefore …

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Effect Of Cultivar, Level Of Fungal Endophyte (Acremonium Coenophialum) And Nitrogen Fertilization Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) On Steer Performance, J A. Stuedmann, S R. Wilkinson, D P. Belesky, C S. Hoveland, O J. Devine, D L. Breedlove, H Ciordia, F N. Thompson Oct 2025

Effect Of Cultivar, Level Of Fungal Endophyte (Acremonium Coenophialum) And Nitrogen Fertilization Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) On Steer Performance, J A. Stuedmann, S R. Wilkinson, D P. Belesky, C S. Hoveland, O J. Devine, D L. Breedlove, H Ciordia, F N. Thompson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Fescuca arundinacea) toxicosis has been associated with 'increased levels of fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) and increased rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization. This study determines the performance of steers grazing a 2 factorial of Kentucky-31 tall fescue at low fungus (LF) and high fungus (HF) levels at both 134 (LN) and 336 kg N·ha-1• 2 yC1 (HN) as well as steer performance on two new LF tall fescue cultivars, AU-Triumph and Johnstone fertilized at the LN rate. Eighteen 0.7 ha paddocks were used in a randomized block design with three blocks of the six treatments. Paddocks were stocked with …

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Seasonal Distribution Of A Fungal Endophyte In Tall Fescue Pastures, D P. Belesky, O J. Devine, S R. Wilkinson, J A. Stuedemann, D M. Hildreth Oct 2025

Seasonal Distribution Of A Fungal Endophyte In Tall Fescue Pastures, D P. Belesky, O J. Devine, S R. Wilkinson, J A. Stuedemann, D M. Hildreth

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The presence of a fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) in tall fescue (Festuca arondinacea) and high nitrogen (N) fertilizer input, has been associated with tall fescue toxicosis symptoms in beef cattle. Expression of toxicosis symptoms vary with season, however the dynamics of endophyte levels in a tall fescue over a growing season have not been described. Our study characterizes seasonal distribution of the endophyte in grazed fescue swards as influenced by cultivar and N fertilizer over two years (1983 and 1984). Three replicate 0.7 ha paddocks of 'Johnstons', 'Triumph' and 'KY-31' (low and high endophyte status; and 134 …

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Preliminary Report On Experiment Of Winter Rotational Grazing Of Local Cattle, Lu Wengao, Lai Zhiqiang Oct 2025

Preliminary Report On Experiment Of Winter Rotational Grazing Of Local Cattle, Lu Wengao, Lai Zhiqiang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In winter, grass growth declines sharply and animal's demand increases with the passage of time. In Dec., affected by frostbite and low temperatures, pasture output drops greatly and cannot meet the needs of cattle. For this reason, in Nanning, late Dec. is considered the winter grazing in a critical period (WGCP). Huts and shelters should be put up in the areas where animals should continue to graze throughout the winter. It is relatively economical to give animal supplementary feeding started in late Dec.

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Behavioral And Physiological Characteristics Of Misaki Horses As Adapted To Their Winter Habitats, Y Kaseda, E Yamaguchi Oct 2025

Behavioral And Physiological Characteristics Of Misaki Horses As Adapted To Their Winter Habitats, Y Kaseda, E Yamaguchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Few informations have been found on the metabolic adaptation of domestic animals to their winter circumstances. The present study was conducted to make clear the behavioral and physiological characteristics of Misaki horses living under semi-wild condition as adapted to their winter habitats. Nine 24 hour consecutive observations were made from 1983 to 1984, and simultaneously heart rate (beatd per min.), rectal temperature and ambient temperature were recorded at the intervals of 30 min .. Horses were frequently found to graze and rest in the forests or on south-facing weedy grasslands in winter. Time budget of a day changed seasonally and …

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Alternative For Managing Beef Yearlings After Intensive Early Stocking Of Kansas Flint Hills Range, G L. Posler, G M. Ward, J G. Riley, C E. Owensby, E F. Smith, K K. Bolsen, R M. Helsel, N S. Hill Oct 2025

Alternative For Managing Beef Yearlings After Intensive Early Stocking Of Kansas Flint Hills Range, G L. Posler, G M. Ward, J G. Riley, C E. Owensby, E F. Smith, K K. Bolsen, R M. Helsel, N S. Hill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Intensive early stocking of Kansas Flint Hills tall grass prairie (2X normal rate during the first half of the grazing season) has produced greater beef/ha than season -long stocking because of low animal gains during the last half season. Alternatives for animals removed from native range in mid-July include grazing seeded forages such as alfalfa or hybrid sudangrass or direct placement to the feedlot. During 3 years, we compared grazing alfalfa or hybrid sudangrass during the last half season and subsequentfeedlot placement for finishing with placement directly to the feedlot in mid-July. In our studies, animal gains were better for …

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The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing Management Upon Ewe Liveweight, Ewe Fertility, Lamb Growth And Pasture Production On Subterranean Clover Based Pasture In Western Australia, H Lloyd Davies, I N. Southey Oct 2025

The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing Management Upon Ewe Liveweight, Ewe Fertility, Lamb Growth And Pasture Production On Subterranean Clover Based Pasture In Western Australia, H Lloyd Davies, I N. Southey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Border Leicester x Merino ewes joined to Dorset Hom rams were run at 3 stocking rates (S.R.) and 2 systems of pasture management, viz Continuous grazing (C.G.) or a 4 sub-plot Deferred grazing system (D.G.) designed to meet the needs of the breeding ewe on subterranean clover based pastures at Bakers Hill (32°S l17°E), Western Australia for three years. Stocking rate affected ewe liveweight at joining and lambing, the growth of single lambs in the first year and tended to reduce the growth rate of twin lambs. It profoundly affected the amount of dry matter of pasture on offer. The …

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The Preliminary Study On Optimum Stocking Rate In Alpine Meadow, Nanlin Pi, Xingmin Zhou, Xinquan Zhao Oct 2025

The Preliminary Study On Optimum Stocking Rate In Alpine Meadow, Nanlin Pi, Xingmin Zhou, Xinquan Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a grazing trial with Tibetan sheep at Haibei Research Station of Ecosystem, the relationships between stocking rate, live-weight gain per animal and live-weight gain per ha were studied in a Kobresia humilis meadow pasture. Stocking rates were 2.14 (A), 3.12 (B), and 6.07 (C) animal/ha. Grazing was rotated in a summer-autumn pasture (from July to October) and in a winter-spring pasture (from November to June of next year). Under different stocking rates, changes in horizontal and vertical plant community composition have taken place. The decreases of live-weight gain per animal and of herbage yield with increased stocking rate were …

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A Flexible Grazing Management System Proposed For The Advanced Evaluation Of Associations Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes, James Spain, Jose Marques Pereira, Ramon Gualdron Oct 2025

A Flexible Grazing Management System Proposed For The Advanced Evaluation Of Associations Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes, James Spain, Jose Marques Pereira, Ramon Gualdron

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Traditional methods used for the advanced evaluation of associations of tropical grasses and legumes under grazing have a number of limitations. The rigid grazing systems commonly utilized do not recognize nor respond to the dynamics of pastures as they interact with climate, soils, biotic factors, .and management. Consequently, the true potential of new germplasm is often under-estimated. A flexible grazing management system is proposed to overcome some of the limitations of traditional fixed management methodology. The methodology proposed involves managing each association under evaluation in a flexible but pre-defined manner. Stocking rates and grazing systems are adjusted, depending on two …

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Relating Profit To Quantity Of Standing Herbage In Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby, B E. Conrad Oct 2025

Relating Profit To Quantity Of Standing Herbage In Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby, B E. Conrad

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Previous economic analyses of grazing intensity studies have related profit to stocking rate. However, no information is available on the relationship between profit and kg standing herbage ha-1. In this paper the objective is to relate profit ha-1 to standing herbage. Coastal bermudagrass continuously grazed with beef steers at four grazing pressures is used as an example. Average daily gain and animal grazing days ha-1 were linearly related to standing herbage (r = 0.95 and 0.99). The resultant regression equations were used to relate beef gain ha-1 to standing herbage. This function in tum was used to relate profit ha-1 …

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Influence Of Stocking Rate On The Plant-Animal Interface In Rotational Grazed Mixed Swards, J W. Stuth, J R. Brown, P D. Olson, M R. Araujo Oct 2025

Influence Of Stocking Rate On The Plant-Animal Interface In Rotational Grazed Mixed Swards, J W. Stuth, J R. Brown, P D. Olson, M R. Araujo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The impacts of brief periods of intense grazing in multipasture-single herd grazing systems on critical plant and animal parameters in natural mixed swards are not well understood. It was our objective to determine the interrelationship and nutritional consequence of tiller defoliation intensity, selection ratio and diet composition of two codominant species with contrasting phenology and growth habit as stocking rate was increased. A 16-pasture, 1-herd short-duration grazing regime was simulated at four stocking rates on a little bluestem (Schizachyr­ium scoparium)-brownseed paspalum (Paspalum plicatulum) savannah. Variables measured included morphology and defoliation intensity of marked tillers, diet composition …

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Modeling Of Beef-Forage Grazing Interactions, O J. Loewer, K L. Taul, L W. Turner, N Gay, R Muntifering Oct 2025

Modeling Of Beef-Forage Grazing Interactions, O J. Loewer, K L. Taul, L W. Turner, N Gay, R Muntifering

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The key to more efficient production of beef from forages is in matching animal intake and plant growth. One method of evaluating the interaction of grating animals and growing forages is through dynamic computer simulation models. A model called GRAZE has been developed to evaluate this interaction. GRAZE incorporates previously developed plant and animal models with selective grazing logic based on the premise that beef animals maximize their digestible dry matter intake rate. The model subdivides the pasture int_o subareas. The subareas are grazed according to a priority system where the animal shifts from one subarea to another so as …

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Meeting Animal Needs From Mixed Grass-Legume Pastures, A J. Harris, D A. Clark Oct 2025

Meeting Animal Needs From Mixed Grass-Legume Pastures, A J. Harris, D A. Clark

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments measuring plant performance and animal production from sheep at 4 climatically diverse sites in New Zealand are described. In the southern South Island grazing patterns have been developed which minimize the effect of the winter pasture production trough and make best use of the high spring/summer growth rates. High yields of animal products are achieved. In Canterbury, summer moisture stress and cool winters can have far-reaching effects on pasture and, consequently, animal performance. Use of special-purpose pastures with complementary production rhythms has allowed high productivity to be achieved in dry land. On moist North Island hill country increased stocking …

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The Animal Factor In Pasture Studies, J A. Taylor Oct 2025

The Animal Factor In Pasture Studies, J A. Taylor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The challenge in plant-animal interface research is to derive meaningful plant-animal relationships. This paper examines some of the assumptions and bias in conventional grazing research practices. Variations within pasture and in the activity and distribution of grazing animals are important characteristics of most grazing situations. The conventional sampling strategies do not allow for the possibility that the animal perceives vegetation in a different or more subtle way than we perceive it. A more logical approach would be to seek patterns in animal activity and distribution and relate these to variations in herbage and site attributes. This approach would provide the …

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Maximizing Beef Production From Irrigated Pastures With Light Weight Steers, W W. Heinemann Oct 2025

Maximizing Beef Production From Irrigated Pastures With Light Weight Steers, W W. Heinemann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was designed to compare beef production by three successions of light weight steers continuous grazing two kinds of irrigated pastures. Two growth promotant ear implants were superimposed treatments in 1982. Successions of light weight steers were used in an effort to obtain maximum animal gain per ha, comparing rates of gain and gains per ha by trimesters. Average steer gains per ha from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) over a 4-year period were nearly the same. Average daily gains by steers that grazed perennial ryegrass were greater than by steers that grazed orchardgrass but …

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Pastures And Pasture Management For High Animal Production In New Zealand, R W. Brougham, G P. Cosgrove Oct 2025

Pastures And Pasture Management For High Animal Production In New Zealand, R W. Brougham, G P. Cosgrove

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Limits to pasture and animal production from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) pastures have been studied in systems experiments with fattening dairy beef bulls in the lowland Manawatu region of New Zealand. At high stocking rates the management system utilizes peak spring pasture growth and provides sufficient herbage for animals during periods of low growth in self contained, no conservation farmlets. High animal production of approximately 1000 kg of carcass meat/ha annually has been achieved. Accumulation of pasture reserves in autumn through long rotations and reductions in grazing pressure in summer through slaughter of fattened animals …

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Influence Of Pasture Quantity And Quality On Intake And Production Of Sheep, G W. Sheath, P V. Rattray Oct 2025

Influence Of Pasture Quantity And Quality On Intake And Production Of Sheep, G W. Sheath, P V. Rattray

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A series of short term trials shows the major influence of pasture allowance and mass in determining intake and gains of sheep. Within the sward the major determinant of intake is green leaf material. Legumes and erect growing grasses in the sward can alter the allowance relationships conferring intake advantages especially at low allowance. The decline of pasture mass during a grazing period can be described by a negative exponential model which is interactive with allowance. In hill country these patterns are subtly altered by grazing duration/ stock density variations, and by the ratio of steep to easy contoured land …

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Mosaic Grazing - Animal Selectivity In Tropical Savannas Of Northern Australia, J J. Mott Oct 2025

Mosaic Grazing - Animal Selectivity In Tropical Savannas Of Northern Australia, J J. Mott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In set stocked, heavily grazed, unburnt, native grass/sown legume pastures in the tropical savannas of northern Australia, animals were found to graze very selectively. This contrasts with the more uniform light grazing usually occurring in the extensive, lightly grazed native grasslands which are normally burnt annually. Once heavy selective grazing of an area was initiated, this grazing pressure was maintained, while ungrazed areas grew rank and unacceptable. Although three different sized paddocks were used to give different stocking rates, the area heavily grazed was the same at all stocking rates. In unfertilised paddocks, plants died within two years when selectively …

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Canopy Structure Of Aeschynomeme Americana-Hemerthria Altissima Pastures And Ingestive Behavior Of Cattle, J E. Moore, L E. Sollenberger, G A. Morantes, P T. Beede Oct 2025

Canopy Structure Of Aeschynomeme Americana-Hemerthria Altissima Pastures And Ingestive Behavior Of Cattle, J E. Moore, L E. Sollenberger, G A. Morantes, P T. Beede

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

'Floral ta' limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) pastures have high digestibility but low crude protein content, and rate of daily gain of steers of Floral ta declines in late season. American jointvetch (Aeschynomene americana) has potential in association with Floralta. The objectives were to relate canopy characteristics of jointvetch-limpograss pastures to ingestive behavior of esophageal fistulated steers. Canopies were harvested in 10-cm layers to ground level and canopy height, herbage mass, bulk density, and botanical composition were determined. Intake per bite, rate of biting, bites per 100 total jaw movements, and grazing time were measured. Canopy height varied from 18 …

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Influence Of Herbage Mass And Structure Of Warm-Season Grass Ingestive Behavior Of Grazing Cattle, T.D A. Forbes, S W. Coleman Oct 2025

Influence Of Herbage Mass And Structure Of Warm-Season Grass Ingestive Behavior Of Grazing Cattle, T.D A. Forbes, S W. Coleman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of herbage mass and height on cattle ingestive behavior and herbage intake, when grazing Asiatic bluestem (Bothriocloa spp.) swards. Three levels of herbage mass were maintained under continuous grazing, corresponding to 1.8, 2.0 and 4.4 t dry matter/ha. Estimates of diet in vitro organic matter digestibility, rate of biting, grazing time and intake per bite were used to calculate digestible organic matter intake (DOMI). Differences in herbage mass led to significant differences in grazing time, intake per bite and DOMI but not in diet digestibility or rate of biting. The …

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Ethogram Of Transitive Probabilities Among Cattle Behavior Such As Drinking, Salt-Licking, Camping, Resting And Grazing, M Okiawa, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, M Fukuyama Oct 2025

Ethogram Of Transitive Probabilities Among Cattle Behavior Such As Drinking, Salt-Licking, Camping, Resting And Grazing, M Okiawa, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, M Fukuyama

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ethogram of transitive probabilities among cattle behaviour, especially among drinking, salt-licking and other behaviour are described. The behaviour of 48 identified cattle on the inclined pasture were investigated for two whole days each in May, July, August and October of 1977 and 1978. The frequency and diurnal pattern of drinking and salt-licking were influenced by solar radiation and the physical condition(scours) of cattle. The mean frequencies of drinking and salt-licking behaviour per head in a day were 1.92 ± 0.99 and 1.50 ± 0. 71, respectively. However many following heads without drinking were observed together with drinking cattle. Although the …

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Selection, Mastication, And Digestive Tract Response Of Cattle To Plant Canopy And Composition, D S. Fisher, K R. Pond, J C. Burns, R D. Mochrie, D H. Timothy Oct 2025

Selection, Mastication, And Digestive Tract Response Of Cattle To Plant Canopy And Composition, D S. Fisher, K R. Pond, J C. Burns, R D. Mochrie, D H. Timothy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The relationship between pasture sward structure and animal intake of digestible dry matter is not well understood. To aid in developing an understanding of the plant-animal interface, flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) swards were harvested and stratified by cutting them into 5-cm layers. Strate began 5-cm above the soil and continued to the extended height of the sward. The strate were separated into leaf blade, stem, and dead material. Samples were analyzed for dry weight and in vitro dry matter disappearance {IVDMD). Esophageal sample analysis showsd steers consumed leaf material even in swards with …

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