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Articles 1561 - 1590 of 11583

Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology

Floristic Development Of Sown Grasses In Dependence Of The Seed Mixture And Sowing Procedure On A Riverside Grassland Area Endangered By Flood, H M. Bischoff, K Richter Apr 2025

Floristic Development Of Sown Grasses In Dependence Of The Seed Mixture And Sowing Procedure On A Riverside Grassland Area Endangered By Flood, H M. Bischoff, K Richter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some of the most important grassland sites in the GDR are riverside areas. Nearly two thirds of these grasslands are situ­ated in the dike foreland, where they are often but irregularly flooded. Herc, the plant populations have been adapted to the conditions of flood and only seldom do they provide the requirements of productive cattle. Agropyron repens became the main species on numerous areas. To a high degree, yields and feed quality are influenced by time, duration and frequency of the floods and, above all, by silt sedimentation. This grass­land has been investigated in model-, plot- and large scale experiments …

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Meadow And Pasture Renovation In Some Parts Of Czechoslovakia, J Radej, M Bukvaj Apr 2025

Meadow And Pasture Renovation In Some Parts Of Czechoslovakia, J Radej, M Bukvaj

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present yields of meadows and pastures in the CSR are not sufficient to correspond with the needs of the advanced ani­mal production. The varieties of species in some stands are not suitable, the stands are thin with a high proportion of weed infes­tation. Most frequently clovers are missing, particularly white clover. Therefore, the quality of fodder is average, there is a shortage of the energy component and often or DCP as well. The renovation of grass stands by tillage, arable farming for the period of 1-2 years and the subsequent establishment of grass stands are implemented on more fertile …

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Determination Of The Most Suitable Sowing Date For Berseem Clover In Karaj, M H. Attaran Apr 2025

Determination Of The Most Suitable Sowing Date For Berseem Clover In Karaj, M H. Attaran

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trifolium alexandrinum is believed to be originated in Palestine. It thrives when the temperature is between 0° and 35°C and is used in frost free regions. Berseem clover makes its best growth on well-drained soils, but is susceptible to salinity. Berseem clover is an annual legume. It has an erect stem and reaches a height of about 75 cm. The tap-root may penetrate the soil to a depth of 40 to 60 cm. The leaves are tlifoliate. The flowers are composed panicle, the seeds vary in color from yellow to green, gradually turning red to brown. Pollination takes place by …

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Influence Du Mode Des Semis Et Des Associations Annuelles Graminees-Legumineuses Sur Le Rendement Et La Qualite Du Fourrage, S Ostojic Apr 2025

Influence Du Mode Des Semis Et Des Associations Annuelles Graminees-Legumineuses Sur Le Rendement Et La Qualite Du Fourrage, S Ostojic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chaque anncc en Y ougoslavie, 1,5 million d'hectares sont ensemences avec des cereales de printemps. Apres la moisson, ccs terres restent generalement non semees jusqu'au printemps de l'annee suivante ou !'on scme des cultures sarclees. Eberhardt (1975) estime qu'en Yougoslavie, I% seulement de ces surfaces sont labourccs, ce qui est tres faible si !'on prend en consideration le fait que la periode de vegetation apres la moisson du ble se prolonge pendant environ 90 jours et que la somme de temperature bioclimatique est d'environ 1800 °C. De pareilles conditions rendent possible, a vcc !'irrigation, la reus­site d'une production de fourragc …

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Estimation Of The Possibility Of Use Of Some Species Of Grasses For The Direct Sowing In Sward, F Bukowiecki Apr 2025

Estimation Of The Possibility Of Use Of Some Species Of Grasses For The Direct Sowing In Sward, F Bukowiecki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One of the ways of counteracting the degradation of meadow plant communities is the improvement of their botanical com­position by direct sowing. In order io achieve this aim, various methods are applied: among others, sowing directly into sward (Laissus, 1984) and others. Success of sowing depends mainly on the efficiency of introduction of new grass species into the sward which is beeing degradated. That is why an attempt was made to estimate the possibility of use of some species of grasses for improvement of communities dominated by Poa pratensis on peat soils (Wizna Fen).

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Herbage Dynamics And Plant-Animal Performance On Altered Northern Great Plains Rangelands, P O. Currie, D C. Adams, J D. Volesky Apr 2025

Herbage Dynamics And Plant-Animal Performance On Altered Northern Great Plains Rangelands, P O. Currie, D C. Adams, J D. Volesky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mechanical, chemical, and seeding treatments have been used on rangeland to increase herbage production (Griffith et al., 1985). These treatments are generally applied to rangelands in a low serial stage of succession. Improving these rangelands is of major economic importance to livestock producers attempting lo increase the efficiency of their operations. Our study evaluated 5 range improvement treatments for improving herbage and ani­mal production efficiency

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Herbage And Seed Yields Of Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.), M A. Jimenez, M.J L. Casterllon, A E. Cervantes, E F. Cervantes Apr 2025

Herbage And Seed Yields Of Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.), M A. Jimenez, M.J L. Casterllon, A E. Cervantes, E F. Cervantes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa is the main forage species used in the dairy farms of the Central Valley of Mexico. Low temperatures and solar radiation during winter have been associated to the lower yields of alfalfa pastures from late fall to the end of winter. Winter pastures as annual ryegrass, small grains and com­mon vetch can overcome the seasonal low yields of alfalfa (Victoria, 1981). Use of common vetch to provide high yields of herbage of good quality during winter has been increasing; however, availability of seed is limited. In addition, there is little publi­shed information on management of common vetch pastures for …

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Systemes D’Amelioration De La Strate Herbacee Par Sursemis Dans Les Espinales De La Zone Mediterraneenne Subhumide Du Chili, Julia Avendano, C Ovalle Apr 2025

Systemes D’Amelioration De La Strate Herbacee Par Sursemis Dans Les Espinales De La Zone Mediterraneenne Subhumide Du Chili, Julia Avendano, C Ovalle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les systemes traditionnels de semis de prairies, en tant que mode d'amclioration des zones pastorales degradees, sont inu­tilisables sur de grandes surfaces en raison du cout eleve du semis, incompatible avcc la productivite animalc et a cause des caracteristiques topographiqucs de nombreux sectcurs. De plus, le defrichement qu'implique cettc methode ne se justific pas si l'on considere le role benefique de l'espinal, savanc domi­nee par Acacia caven, sur la slrate herbacee (Ovalle et Aven­dano, 1987). En consequence, la faisabilite reduitc d'une eleva­tion de la production de ccs zones au moyen du semis traditionnel nous parait justifier l'etudc du comportement de …

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Initial Growth Of Herbages On The Seedbeds With Abundant Crushed Wood Fragments: A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (Ii), S Suzuki, T Sugiura, H Kobayashi Apr 2025

Initial Growth Of Herbages On The Seedbeds With Abundant Crushed Wood Fragments: A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (Ii), S Suzuki, T Sugiura, H Kobayashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The pasture established by the new ploughless method produces lower levels of herbages in the first year (Sugiura et al., 1987). It is supposed that crushed wood fragments (CWF) arc easily dried in the seedbeds (Sugiura et al., 1986 ; Suzuki et al., 1986). We investigated the effects of the CWF and the water supplying character of the soils on the initial growth of the herbages in the seedbeds.

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A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (I), H Kobayashi, S Suzuki, T Sugiura Apr 2025

A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (I), H Kobayashi, S Suzuki, T Sugiura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The authors had already planned and tested a new method of ploughless pasture establishment with new machines in a beech forest on the foothill of Mt. Hakkohda in Aomori Prefecture, north-eastern district of Japan since 1983 (Kobayashi, 1985 ; Tanaka et al., 1985; Sugiura et al., 1986; Suzuki et al., 1987; Sugiura et al., 1987). The properties of this method are the stump-cutter (SC) and the bush-cutter (BC) which are new machines for establishing grassland. Owing to these two machines, it is possible to con­verse the natural environment and to reduce establishing costs of grassland. This report refers to a …

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Grassland Improvement By Clover Direct Drilling, Z Hrazdira Apr 2025

Grassland Improvement By Clover Direct Drilling, Z Hrazdira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Besides the production function, grasslands have got also exceptional significance for environmental conditions, such as retention and protection of resources of drinking water,- pre­vention of erosion and devastation of soil. Their non-pro­duction functions are especially irreplaceable on slope grasslands which dominate in our country. The renewal should be a most efficient intervention on the weedy grassland swards without good species. But that tra­ditional technology can not be employed in most cases on slopes, in inundated areas or in submountain and hill regions of our country.

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Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera Apr 2025

Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The determination of planting time by field trials has various disadvantages. These trials should be repeated at least for 3 years comparing different months and the extension of the results is limited. The analysis of the climatic effects would allow a greater generalization with correlations between cli­matic and establishment indices. The season of the year in which the highest number of correlations with monthly histori­cal climatic values are fulfilled is required so as to determine planting time. The objective of the present methodology is to select planting time by using correlations between climatic and establishment indices and the monthly characterization …

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Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon Apr 2025

Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world on the factors influencing the establishment and early manage­ment of legume swards as pure cultures have not been carried out integrally. Thus, the objective of the present study was to define the best options of the main components so as to develop a technology for establishing Leucaena leucocephala under our conditions.

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Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles Apr 2025

Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Germination of stored seeds and sowing time are essential factors that must be known when a technology for pasture utili­zation is required (Febles and Ruiz, 1986; Ruiz and Febles, 1986). Thus, these experiments were set out to learn the per­formance of the seed quality of Leucaena leucocephala cv Peru stored under different conditions and to determine the influence of the sowing time of this species during the rainy season.

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Surface Recultivation Systems Of Grasslands On The Slopes In Czechoslovakia, F Pnacek, Anna Javorkova Apr 2025

Surface Recultivation Systems Of Grasslands On The Slopes In Czechoslovakia, F Pnacek, Anna Javorkova

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Czechoslovakia, the part of extensive used pastures on the slopes is covered by small shrubs and self-sown little trees. Their recultivation by bulldozer is very expensive and often makes erosion. Therefore the special self-propelled machine (MT6-01 l) with the commercial name Kabar-132 with adapter for clearing the grasslands of woods and partly arrange micro relief without damaging the turf was constructed. Special self-propelled machine has an automatic transversally equili­bration of inclination to the horizontal level and hydrostatic driving mechanism with continuous driving regulation of speed from Oto 25 km per hour and it provides its high slope accessi­bility up …

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Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong Apr 2025

Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mid-altitude zone in Yunnan Province of SW China ranges from 1500-2500 m in altitude and has a climate inter­grading between sub-tropical and temperate with a mean temp. of 7-10°C in the coldest month and 19-22 °C in the hottest month. The annual rainfall ranges from 800-1200 mm with 80 % falling in the monsoon period, May to September. About 80 % of the total 39.4 m ha of the province is in this very hilly mid-altitude zone. (He et al., 1982) Native grassland vegetation is dominated by Themeda trianda, Arundinella radoli, Imperata cylindrica and some other grasses such as …

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The Effect Of Depth Of Seeding And Soil Crusting On Germination And Establishment Of Seven Pasture Grass Species, Jane R. King, C Bladen Apr 2025

The Effect Of Depth Of Seeding And Soil Crusting On Germination And Establishment Of Seven Pasture Grass Species, Jane R. King, C Bladen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many pasture grass species because of their small seed size are difficult to establish. Seeding at a greater depth in order to access moisture lower in the soil profile may increase seed ger­mination but will not necessarily facilitate emergence and establishment. The direct relationship between seed size and emergence vigour has yet to be quantified for a number of grasses commonly used for pasture in the parkland district of central Alberta. These experiments were designed to examine the detrimental effects that increasing seeding depth may have on emergence and establishment. In addition, the ability to emerge through an artificial crust …

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Effects Of Seeding Time And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Snow Damage Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam), Y Watanabe, T Shioya, T Yukawa Apr 2025

Effects Of Seeding Time And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Snow Damage Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam), Y Watanabe, T Shioya, T Yukawa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Japan, Italian rycgrass is accepted as livestock feed. How­ever, in Hokuriku district, one of the heaviest snow fall area in the world, lhe survival of Italian ryegrass in winter is frequently affected by the prolonged, deep snow cover. So far, some experiments on the mechanisms of the snow damage of vvinter crops have been conducted, and several factors related to the snow damage have been clarified. In the cultivation method, il is said Lhat seeding Lime, nitrogen fertil­izer and cutting influence the snow damage. In physiological aspects, non structural carbohydrate content is associated with the snow damage. In this …

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Results Of Overseeing Natural Grasslands On Dry Solonetz Soil, G Nagy Apr 2025

Results Of Overseeing Natural Grasslands On Dry Solonetz Soil, G Nagy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Hungary, 25.8% of the total grasslands can be found on sodic soils, 12.6% of which arc on solonetz soils. Because of the poor soil conditions (low nutrient content, heavy compacted clay soil, high Na content etc.) the composition of natural sward is unfavourable, yields are extremely low, which makes possible only extensive grazing management. In our experiments, we try to intensify the natural grasslands of dry solonetz soils by overseeding.

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Establishment Of Early Winter Seeding Of Forages In Cold Regions Of Japan, J Maruyama, K Fukunaga Apr 2025

Establishment Of Early Winter Seeding Of Forages In Cold Regions Of Japan, J Maruyama, K Fukunaga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eastern Hokkaido is located in the southern end of the sub­frigid zone. It has a very cold winter, although the summer is reasonably warm and humid. The annual temperature ranges between -25 °C and 30 °C, averaging about 7 °C in Obihiro. The precipitation averages about 900 mm per year. Soil freez­ing is very common in this area. Therefore, there is general agreement among workers that forage seeding in eastern Hokkaido must be confined to spring or summer. But the success of seeding is highly dependent upon the moisture con­tent of the soil. For example, in some years in eastern …

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Integrating Crop And Pasture In A High Rainfall Environment In South Eastern Australia, P Dowling Apr 2025

Integrating Crop And Pasture In A High Rainfall Environment In South Eastern Australia, P Dowling

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In traditional pasture areas, there is little economic oppor­tunity to provide a 'clean' seedbed for replanting of new pas­ture. This is thought to enable the carry over of weed seed from the old to the new pasture phase resulting in premature decline of the improved pasture. The growing of a crop or crop rotation at the end of the old pasture phase however, would utilize improved soil fertility and enable the pasture sequence to be broken, thereby increasing the probability of a 'clean' seedbed (Reeves, 1984). Grazing oats has been used in this role but the alternative of selecting crops …

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Improving Seed Pellets For Grassland Renovation, H Hirota, N Fukuyama, T Kanno Apr 2025

Improving Seed Pellets For Grassland Renovation, H Hirota, N Fukuyama, T Kanno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

More than twelve hundred public pastures have been estab­lished since I 960's in Japan, totalling some 0.6 mil. ha located in highland areas to raise cattle. Now most of them need reno­vation because of low productivity. This is due to mismanage­ment, insect attack, weed invasion and under-utilization, etc. But complete tilling is not advocated on slope sites as it is in danger of soil erosion after reseeding. Several methods h��ve been proposed to renovate the deteriorated pastures, e.g. usmg herbicides (Blackmore, 1965), burning (Sawada et al., 1986), surface tilling (White, 1973), surface sowing with phosphate and lime (Cullen, 1966) and …

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Establishment Of 'Mott" Dwarf Elephantgrass In A Semi-Arid Climate, W R. Ocumpaugh Apr 2025

Establishment Of 'Mott" Dwarf Elephantgrass In A Semi-Arid Climate, W R. Ocumpaugh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

'Mott' dwarf clcphantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.] was evaluated as line N75 and released as germplasm from the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton. Georgia USA, as Tift N75 (Hanna, 1987). Extensive research in Florida, USA has demonstrated the superior quality aspects of Mott elcphantgrass with average daily gains of approxi­mately l kg (Mott and Ocumpaugh, 1984; Sollenberger et al. 1987). Establishment of dwarf elephantgrass has been reported to be more difficult than tall elephantgrass (Woodard et al., 1985; Sollenberger et al., 1987). Placement of stem pieces in the soil at a 45° ��ngle, horizontal or vertical, did not …

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Somatic Embryogenesis From Mature Embryo Of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum) And Effects Of Nacl On Induction And Growth Of Callus From Its Different Explants, Shi Decheng, Xi Ti, Zhu Tingcheng Apr 2025

Somatic Embryogenesis From Mature Embryo Of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum) And Effects Of Nacl On Induction And Growth Of Callus From Its Different Explants, Shi Decheng, Xi Ti, Zhu Tingcheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since it has been found that the plant regeneration of gra­mineous plants can be realized through somatic embryo genesis, a great development of tissue culture is obtained not only in cereals but also in grasses, which makes possible the genetic engineering and production of artificial seed. In addition, a progress has been made in selection of various valuable mutants by inducing calli or cells cultured to vary. For exam­ple, Zhou (1986) by inducing tobacco tissue on a medium con­taining 0.5 % NaCl has got NaCl-tolerant callus; then the callus were selected by increasing progressively the concen­tration of NaCl and finally …

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Forage Crop Improvement Through Biotechnology, S S. Croughan Apr 2025

Forage Crop Improvement Through Biotechnology, S S. Croughan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a perennial forage grass grown on over 10 million ha worldwide. In the southern United States, it is used extensively for grazing and the production of hay. It is a well adapted grass, but improvements in traits such as forage quality and pest resistance are needed. Much vari­ation in the nutritional value exists between genotypes. Tissue culture offers a method for the production of improved germ­plasm. Most plants regenerated from callus cultures will vary from the original variety from which they were derived. This phenomenon is referred to as somaclonal variation and can be …

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Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres Apr 2025

Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

King grass (2n = 28) is widely used in Cuba for forage pro­duction. The increase in the variability of this species is there­fore of special interest in agriculture. Tissue culture as a tech­nique to produce and select somaclones from the king grass donor was used to obtain variability. These were obtained when the apical meristems were cultivated in MS medium with 3 mg/I of 2,4 D to regenerate the plants with different hormonal combinations. Those of 0.1 mg/! of kinetine (Martinez, 1986) were prominent. The variability in the selection and evaluation processes is exposed in this paper.

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Forage Grass Plant Modification Through Tissue Culture, Haploids And Doubled Haploids, M J. Kasperbauer Apr 2025

Forage Grass Plant Modification Through Tissue Culture, Haploids And Doubled Haploids, M J. Kasperbauer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a widely-grown cool-season forage grass (Buckner and Bush, 1979). It is wind­pollinated and generally selfsinfertile. Plants are highly hetero­zygous and improvement through conventional breeding is very slow. Therefore, use of tissue culture, haploids and doubled haploids offers an approach to accelerate the genetic improvement.

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Tissue Culture Of Timothy (Phleum Pratensis L.), H Nakashima Apr 2025

Tissue Culture Of Timothy (Phleum Pratensis L.), H Nakashima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Timothy (Phleum pratensis L.) is one of the most important grasses in Hokkaido, northern island of Japan, because of its winter hardiness and ability to give good quality hay. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of plant encourage to apply biotechnology not only to food crops but also to fod­der crops (Vasil, 1985). To create new breeding materials, somaclonal variation, embryo rescue from wide cross and pro­toplast fusion have been studied extensively. In vitro propa­gation is re-emphasized as a basic requirement for all aspects of plant biotechnology in relation to agriculture. This serial studies have been carried out to …

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Trisomic Red Clover, N L. Taylor Apr 2025

Trisomic Red Clover, N L. Taylor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The primary reason for producing trisomic red clover is for gene mapping. Although the methodology for producing trisomics has long been established, little research has been conducted in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Likewise, very few gene mapping investigations except for some early data by Williams (1937) have been reported. The program at the University of Kentucky that suggested the possibility of using trisomics for gene mapping was the attempted production of tetraplo'ids (2n = 4x = 28) via 2x-4x and 4x-2x crosses using gametic non-reduction. Some of these crosses produced triplo'ids (2n = 3x = 21 or 22) …

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Study On Tissue Culture And Plantlet Regeneration From Cotyledonary Nodes And Immature Embryoes In Trifolium Lupinaster L., Gao Zhensheng, Hong Fuzeng Apr 2025

Study On Tissue Culture And Plantlet Regeneration From Cotyledonary Nodes And Immature Embryoes In Trifolium Lupinaster L., Gao Zhensheng, Hong Fuzeng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Regenerated plantlets of fourteen clover species have been obtained from tissue and cell cultures by the scientists in different countries. The results concerning Trifolium lupinaster L. ( one of the native clovers in the northeast of China). culture are rarely reported at present.

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