Plant Pathology Commons^™

The Use Of Fertilizer Nitrogen And Increased Animals Production From New Zealand Hill Pastures, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In New Zealand hill pastures, winter and early spring growth is often less than the maintenance of breeding ewes. In late spring and summer, pasture growth often exceeds requirements leading to pasture quality problems. It is usually uneconomic to overcome these problems by conservation, supplementary feeding or adjustement of animal numbers. An increased herb­age accumulation in late winter as a result of fertiliser N appli­cation, should increase post-lambing ewe liveweights and hence lamb growth rates ; increase ewe mating weights and hence improve flock prolificacy with consequent improvements in the utilisation of summer pasture. Two experiments examined the effect of …

The Performance Of Sucking Lambs Grazing Unfertilized An Fertilized Natural Pasture And Rangeland Under Subarctic Conditions, Olafur Gudmundsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under subartic conditions natural pastures and rangelands are not very productive and are often vulnerable to erosion when overgrazed. The grazing season is also very short, often only four to five months, during which time the lambs have to reach slaughter weight. It is therefore critical to increase car­rying capacity and production of the land. Several studies have tested fertilizer use to increase plant pro­duction under these condition (e.g., Thorsteinsson and Sigurbjornsson, 1961 ; Arnalds 1974; Arnalds et al. 1980). However, while these studies have shown a manifold increase in forage production and a shift in plant composition to a …

Effect Of Sward Of Perennial Rye-Grass And Red Fescue Type On Gains And Behavior Of Grazing Yearlings, M Rogalski, Z Karzoun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The output of sheep fed on pasture depends on a number of qualitative and quantitative factors of the sward (Arnold, 1981, Rogalski and Karzoun, 1988). These factors have a decisive influence on the behaviour of animals and the amount of herb­age consumed by them and, consequently, on the formation of interrelations between the sward and grazing animals (Rogal­ski, 1978). The knowledge of these factors is very important if sheep are to be kept in the pasturing systems. Experiments presented in this paper were carried out to determine some of the interdependances and to compare the effect of botanical composition of …

Integration Des Prairies A Legumineuses Annuelles Dans Le Systeme Fourrager D'Une Exploitation Ovin-Viande Intesive En Zone Mediterraneenne Francaise, J J. Rochon, J P. Goby, M Nicot, G Gintzburger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le systeme de production ovin-viande de la Plaine du Rous­sillon repose sur la production en hiver d'agneaux de bergerie, abattus non sevres a un poids vif de 26-28 kg, a un age de 70- 80 jours. Les besoins alimentaires des brebis, essentiellement couverts par le paturage de prairies naturelles non irrigables, sont !es plus importants a une periode ou !es ressources patura­bles sont !es plus faibles et de qualite mediocre (IUT, 1985). La recherche de techniques de production performantes pour ameliorer !es resultats economiques des troupeaux passe en partie par une augmentation qualitative et quantitative des pro­ductions fourrageres. Certaines prairies …

Effets De La Duree De Presence Au Paturage Sur Le Comportement Alimentaire D'Ovins En Crau, S Houessou, M Prudhon, P Bosc, G Bechet, G Molenat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En elevage ovin, ii existe de nombreuses situations dans les­quelles !es brebis passent la nuit en bergerie et ne sortent que 8 heures par jour au paturage, avec ou sans gardiennage. Est-ce suffisant pour satisfaire !es besoins des brebis ? L' o bjet de cette etude est de determiner dans quelle mesure cette pratique modi­fie le comportement alimentaire et le niveau d'ingestion des bre­bis par rapport a des animaux en liberte pouvant regler eux­memes leurs moments d'ingestion.

A Comparison Of Rotation And Continuous-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Zutong Zhang, Zhixin Xu, Guodong Han

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A proper grazing system is the effective measure to put pas­ture resources to rational use. Many scholars had compared rotation grazing to continuous grazing. Some results were shown that rotation grazing can bring more herbage pro­duction and liveweight gain than the continuous grazing (Allan, 1985), but others were shown that there was no signifi­cant difference between rotation and continuous grazing, even the continuous grazing was better than the rotation grazing (Jerry et al, 1987). In the recent years, many scholars had compared the rotation to the continuous grazing in all round way, especially in grassland vegetation and soil characteristics (Heitschmidt …

Better Utilization Of Oversown Tussock Grassland In The Semi-Arid Country Of New Zealand, B E. Allen, J Keoghan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New'zealand tussock grassland management is traditionally extensive. In the South Island high country the often difficult terrain combined with a harsh and unreliable climate is not ind­ucive to efficient utilisation. Oversowing temperate clovers and grasses and topdressing with sulphur and phosphorus based fertilisers is an accepted way to improve the quantity and qual­ity of pasture, but little is known on how to effectively utilise the extra feed grown. Subdivision fencing is often difficult and expensive and this, together with a lack in clear management objectives, has meant that in many cases inputs into fencing have often not matched inputs into …

Resultats De La Recherche Sur La Renovation Du Gazon, S Twardy, S Kopec

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans les Carpates, sur Jes paturages ovins, la vegetation est peu variee. Souvent c'est Nardus stricta qui domine dans le gazon. L'amenagement de ces terrains par voies classiques est difficile, a cause des terres pierreuses et peu profondes et des declivites importantes. On recherche done d'autres moyens visant a renover le gazon degrade de ces herbages. L'une des methodes consiste a semer des graines de graminees et de legu­mineuses directement sur le pare a moutons

Tagaste (Chamaecytisus Palmensis), An Evergreen Fodder Tree, In Grazing Systems Of Mediterranean Type Climates 2. The Feeding Value Of Tagasaste For Wool Production When Grazed By Young Merino Ewes Over Summer And Autumn, C M. Oldham, P M. Morre

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In south-western Australia merino sheep are the primary ani­mal industry. Optimum stocking rates dictate that farmers must budget to hand feed grain to their sheep in late summer/autumn to guarantee their survival and production of a good quality fleece. Income is from wool and sale of surplus animals. The annual production of wool and lambs is largely constrained by the Mediterranean-type climate. Typically the summer drought lasts 3 to 7 months. In summer the dry annual pastures are low in crude protein (around 9 %) and digestibility (around 50 %) and this is associated with a low rate of wool …

Tagasste (Chamaecytisus Palmensis), An Evergreen Fodder Tree, In Grazing Systems Of Mediterranean Type Climates 1. Feeding Value For Reproduction When Grazed By Merino Ewes At Joining., C M. Oldham, J F. Wilkins, P M. Moore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis), commonly called 'tree lucerne', is a hardy evergreen leguminous shrub or tree, native to Palma island in the Canary Islands. It was introduced into Australia from the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew in 1879. In south-western Australia, it has become naturalized along road­sides and at the edges of many native forests. It will grow vigorously from seed on the most infertile deep sands, reaching 3 to 5 m in height and all parts of the stem and branches are enveloped in leaves. In summer, the edible leaf and stem are around 40 % dry matter, 15 …

Studies In Production Of Weaned Merino Lambs In Relation To Pasture Species During Their First Summer In Southern Australia, H Lloyd Davies

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A typical Mediterranean environment imposes problems in ensuring adequate nutrition of weaned lambs during their first summer (Allden 1959). All pasture species will have matured and set seed and generally are of low nutritive value. One solu­tion to this problem is to graze pasture species grown under irrigation. The work reported here is on several investigations into the response of sheep in liveweight and wool production to some pure stands of grasses and legumes.

Effect Of Repeated Applications Of Fluidized Bed Combustion Residue To Reclaimed Surface Mined Pastures, M A. Cochran, J P. Fontenot, H D. Perry, V G. Allen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Reclaimed surface mined land is potentially valuable for use as pasture, but its low fertility limits its use without soil amend­ment (Armiger et al., 1976). The usual acidic nature of these soils may result in mineral deficiencies and toxicities in forage (Vogel, 1981). Fluidized bed combustion residue (FBCR) is the residue from combustion of coal with limestone mixed in a jet air stream in coal-burning power plants (Fennelly, 1984). The procedure is used to trap pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile elements that would normally be emitted into the atmosphere. The FBCR retains about 50 % of …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer And Stocking Density On Grazing Cattle, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Galicia is a humid region with mild winters in the atlantic coast of the north west of Spain. White clover and perennial ryegrass perform quite well in the acids soils, after P and lime. application. White clover potential is reduced due to the dry period in July and August. Use of N in spring could compen­sate this potential despite increasing seasonality. When clover is included in the sward, a low response to N application was expected, as usually happens in small plo1 experiments on an annual basis (Gonzalez, 1982). This experiment attemps to evaluate, in terms of animal pro­duction, the …

Effect Of Endophyte (Acremonum Coenophialum) Infection Of Tall Fescue And Paddock Exchange On Intake And Performance Of Grazing Steers, J A. Stuedmann, D L. Breedlove, K R. Pond, D P. Belesky, L P. Tate Jr, F N. Thompson, S R. Wilkinson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

INTRODUCTION Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), grown on over 14 million ha, is the most common pasture grass in humid areas of the eastern USA and, to limited extent, in the northwestern USA. The presence of an endophyte in tall fescue has been associated with a number of animal health problems including reduced performance (Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Intake was reduced in diets containing the endophyte in seed, hay or green forage (Hemken et al., 1979; Schmidt et al., 1982). However, no studies have been reported which used direct methods to determine intake differences of grazing animals as influenced …

Pearl Millet And Forage Sorghum In Grazing For Beef Production In Temperate Area Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, A Cressetto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pearl millet (Pennisetum thiphoides) is an important summer forage in Africa and Southern United States, where a large amount of high quality forage (Fribourg, 1965) is needed. According to Fribourg (I 965) pearl millet is more resistant than forage sorghum to heavy defoliation and apical removal. Cover and Maraschini (1983) stated that in Brazil, pearl millet had more biological value than sorghum. In Pergamino, Josifovich and Echeverria (1973) in a field trial obtained 0.383 kg ADG. For Australia, Upton (1978) gives good ADG and total gains per hectare in comparison, with sudangrass or sudangrass hybrid. In previous trials, …

Phosphorus Fertilization And Beef Production On New Seeded Pastures In The Rolled Pampa Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Maddaloni, O D. Bertin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In general there were not responses to phosphorus fertiliz­ation in pastures north of Salado River in Buenos Aires prov­ince, even though there are good responses south of this river. In a previous work in Pergamino, a 7 year old fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and white clover (Trifolium re pens) pasture was fertilized with 100 kg calcium superphosphate getting sig­nificant differences in A.D.G. and live weight increase per hec­tare, specially in winter months. There was no response in bot­anical composition, forage digestibility or crude protein content. (Maddaloni et al., 1982). To get the optimum doses for fertilization is not an easy …

Corn Stover In Comparison With Pasture Hay For Beef Production In Temperate Areas Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Carrete

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of corn stover left in the fields after the harvest in the humid Pampa of Argentina can be estimated in 18 mil­lions tons. Even large part of these residues are grazed by bovines, in general this is done in fall, after harvest, during short periods (Josifovich, 1975), (Maddaloni, 1981), (Fattet, 1981). Part of this large amount of forage can be transferred to winter as large round bales. The efficiency of these reserves can be more useful in winter, during the dry season. Due to low quality these residues can't be used alone, with confined anim­als (Jackson, 1978; Maddaloni …

Conduite Simplifee Du Paturage En Zone De Demi-Montagne Pour Des Gennisses Et Des Vaches Allaitantes, D Micol, J M. Giraud, L Delaby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les prairies d'altitude du Massif Central sont situees au-dela de 900 m sous un climat oceanique de demi-montagne bien arrose ; elles permettent un paturage de 5 a 6 mois pour Jes bovins. Le potentiel de production de ces pelouses naturelles peut etre ameliore par des elements fertilisants ef par une conduite rationnelle du paturage en rotation (Jeannin et al., 1979). Le cloisonnement du paturage se heurte cependant dans la pratique au cout de mise en place et d'entretien des clotures et aux exigences de suivi necessaires sur des surfaces eloignees des exploitations. L'ensemble des resultats encourageants acquis sur la …

Production De Jeunes Taureaux De Boucherie De Zone De Demi-Montagne Humide, D Micol

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La zone de demi-montagne humide du Massif Central en France est orientee vers Ia production de bovins maigres desti­nes a l'engraissement. Les animaux sont issus des troupeaux allaitants de races rustiques. Ils sont commercialises, en automne, au sevrage a l'age de 7-9 mois ou, pour une partie, a 18-20 mois

Ces productions reposent essentiellement sur !'utilisation de l'herbe paturee ou conservee. Traditionnellement, ces animaux ne sont pas engraisses et abattus clans la zone, en raison de l'absence de ressources alimentaires suffisantes en quantite et en qualite. Cependant, les progres realises sur la maitrise du potentiel herbager permettent de produire de …

Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Warm-season perennial grasses, such as 'Coastal' bermuda­grass (Cynodon dactylon L.), are characterized as being rela­tively high in yield capabilities but low to moderate in forage quality as compared with cool-season grasses (Wilson, 1984). Legumes can be interseeded into grass sods which can increase both forage yield (Knight, 1970) and animal performance (Blaser et al., 1956; Bagley et al., 1988). Performance of stocker animals has been shown to be much lower during the summer on bermudagrass compared with similar weight steers grazing ryegrass (Bagley, 1987). Legumes may be capable of extending the high performance grazing season of stocker beef past …

Beef Production Based On White Clover: Effects Of Grazing Management, Concentrate Supplementation And Breed Type, R J. Wilkins, S Peel, N H. Yarrow, R H. Johnson, A Fisher

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The use of white clover gives opportunities for the pro­duction of beef at low unit cost with low inputs offertilisers and concentrate feeds. Encouraging results have been obtained in research in Northern Ireland (Stewart and Haycock, 1984) and in Scotland (Younie et al., 1986) with profitability from systems of production of dairy-bred beef on white clover-based swards being of the same order as from grass swards receiving high rates of N fertiliser. Whilst low rates of N were used in the clover-based systems, the possibility of exploiting the high feed­ing value of clover silages (Cook and Wilkins, 1981) and thus …

Production De Viande Bovince Exclusivement A L'Herbe A La Martinique, F Champanhet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A la Martinique, la production de viande bovine par les sys­temes traditionnels d'elevage est insuffisante et de mauvaise qualite, provenant d'animaux trap ages OU trap legers a l'abat­tage. Les essais presentes visent a proposer des systemes d'embou­che plus performants valorisant au mieux les ressources fourra­geres permises en particulier par !'appoint de !'irrigation.

The Effects Of Graminaceous Species And Stocking Rate On Grazing Performance Of Charolais Steers, Francoise Riviere, Odile Colin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High daily intakes of herbage with high digestibility are required to maximise animal production output per hectare from grazing. Tall fescue (TF) is well known for its high herbage pro­duction but its nutritive value may limit animal growth (Jacobson, 1969). Recently progress in sward species selection has provided· new TF cultivars with smooth leaves more digestible and better ingested by animals than the previous cultivars. The purpose of the trials reported here was to study, in com­parison with perennial rye grass (PRG), the influence of new tall fescue cultivars, on steers growth grazing at two stocking rates.

The Effect Of Grazing System And Stocking Rate On Performance Of Charolais Suckler Cows And Calves, A Hardy, P Pelletier, G Brandon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the North Massif Central lowlands of France the grazing management of the Charolais herd on permanent pasture is usually based on free grazing and low levels of nitrogen fertil­izer resulting in low stocking rates i.e. 0,8 to 1,0 cow and calf per hectare. Some authors in France have reported results of grazing beef cows in areas with adequat rainfall in summer (Petit and Muller, 1980; Leblanc et al., 1983) but there is little infor­mation on the response to intensification from herds kept under drought conditions in summer. Four experiments were conducted at Jeu-les-Bois (Indre) in successive years 1978-1981 to …

Production Intensive De Viande Bovine Sur Des Paturages De Haute Belique, M Gielen, P Limbourg, L Istasse, J M. Bienfait

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La prairie permanente occupe une place dominante dans l'economie agricole des regions situees dans le Sud-Est de la Belgique. Cette situation est due a des conditions pedologiques, geographiques et climatiques particulieres, a savoir une altitude elevee pour le pays ( ± 500 m), une pluviosite annuelle reguliere ( ± 1000 m) et une temperature moyenne de !'air faible (7-8°C). Une autre caracteristique de ces regions est la presence d'un important cheptel bovin destine a la production de viande. Ce cheptel de race Blanc Bleu Beige est conduit de plus en plus en systeme de vaches allaitantes avec des periodes de …

Fishmeal, Cottonseed Meal, And Corn Supplements With Rumensin For Stockers Grazing Hybrid Sorghum X Sudangrass Pastures, D Hutcheson, J Mcneill, M Rouguette, B Ellis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle grazing hybrid sorghum x sudangrass pastures during the summer usually gain only 60-7 5 % of their projected gain. The specific cause for this lack of gain is not known. Hybrid sorghum x sudangrass forages are considered adequate in nitrogen for stocker cattle. However, a portion of that nitrogen may be in the form of non-protein nitrogen ; thus, these forages may actually be protein deficient for stocker cattle. Fishmeal appears to be an effective source of escape or by-pass supplementary protein for the ruminant. Cottonseed meal is a typical oil seed meal and is readily available for incorporation …

Utilization Precoce Du Paturage Par Les Veaux D'Origine Laitiere, R Giovanni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La mise a l'herbe precoce des veaux doit favoriser ulterieure­ment leur aptitude au paturage et !'expression de leur potentiel de production a partir de l'herbe, tant pour les males futurs producteurs de viande que pour les genisses de remplacement. Cette technique d'elevage etait a etudier afin de renforcer le role de la prairie paturee par !es jeunes ruminants et de reduire ainsi le co-Gt de leur croissance. Une serie d'experimentations a ete entreprise pour conna'itre les conditions du paturage des veaux nes en fin d'hiver, sevres precocement et mis a l'herbe peu apres. Le poids vif a la mise a …

Evaluation Of Three Tropical Perennial Grasses For Beef Production In South Central Florida, A Larbi, P Mislevy, W F. Brown, M B. Adjei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Species of the genus Cynodon (Bermudagrasses and star­grasses) have a considerable potential for grazing in southern Florida (Adjei et al., 1980, Pitman et al., 1984). Preliminary evaluation studies indicate that two new stargrass cultivars, Florico and Florona ( Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var nlemfuensis) and Callie Hybrid Bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers Tifton 44 X Callie], may offer alternatives to commercially available cultivars, due to their high forage production, persist­ence, cold tolerance and better nutritive value (Mislevy et al., 1981 and Brown, 1986). Little is known, however, of animal performance on these grasses under grazing. The objective of the study was …

Effects Of Grazing Sainfoin Stubble Fields And Adding With Green Hay On Grass-Lamb Fattening, Fu Yikun, Jia Dujing, Li Guangdi, Dang Bo, Wen Shangwen, Xu Changlin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With its fast turnover, low cost and high nutrition, lamb pro­duction has been developing an important industry of seasonal animal husbandry recently in China. The way of taking lambs from pastoral area and then fattened in farming area is con­sidered to be most effective for lambs can make good use of feeds and climate resources in both farming and pastoral areas. The effects of grazing sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) stubble fields and adding with green hay on two types of lamb fattening were studied by means of measuring live-weight gains, meat quality and carcass output during 1986-1987, and the …

Simplification Du Paturage Pour Vaches Ellaitantes En Region De Demi-Montagne Humide, P D'Hour, J P. Garel, M Petit

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les plateaux herbagers du Nord du Massif Central (France) sont d'altitude moyenne (ll00 m) et beneficient d'un climat oceanique montagnard, permettant une saison de paturage de 5-6 mois. Les prairies naturelles a base de graminees fournis­sent une herbe abondante au printemps, mais leur production estivale peut etre fortement limitee par la pluviometrie. Ces prairies sont utilisees par des troupeaux de vaches allaitantes, sous-alimentees pendant l'hiver, qui doivent reconstituer leurs reserves corporelles au paturage. La croissance au paturage des veaux, allaites par leurs meres, depend de la qualite et de la quantite d'herbe disponible (Petit et Muller, 1980; Leblanc et al, …