Physiology Commons^™

Identification Of Asteroid Genera With Species Capable Of Larval Cloning, K. E. Knott, E. J. Balser, William Jaeckle

Scholarship

Asexual reproduction in larvae, larval cloning, is a recently recognized component of the complex life histories of asteroids. We compare DNA sequences of mitochondrial tRNA genes (Ala, Leu, Asn, Pro and Gln) from larvae in the process of cloning collected in the field with sequences from adults of known species in order to identify asteroid taxa capable of cloning. Neighbor-joining analysis identified four distinct groups of larvae, each having no, or very little, sequence divergence (p distances ranging from 0.00000 to 0.02589); thus, we conclude that each larval group most likely represents a single species. These field-collected larvae cannot …

Vascular Cell Dysfunction And Transendothelial Migration Of Neutrophils In Preeclampsia, Courtney Elizabeth Leik

Theses and Dissertations

Oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, neutrophil activation and endothelial cell dysfunction are characteristic of women with preeclampsia. We used in vitro experiments to test if a combination of oxidative stress and linoleic acid favors a mechanism for neutrophil transendothelial migration. We used linoleic acid because it is one of the fatty acids elevated in preeclampsia and the precursor for arachidonic acid and its inflammatory metabolites. For these studies, we developed a methodology for isolating and Culturing human vascular smooth muscle cells from placental chorionic plate arteries. Treatment of these cells with an oxidizing solution enriched with linoleic acid, but neither component alone, …

Expertise And Training Effects On Co-Ordination Dynamics In A Whole Body Rhythmical Task, Gordana Cacija

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This research consists of two studies. The purpose was to investigate the effects of slow and fast music tempo on interjoint co-ordination variability in an aerobic stepping task. The 'step knee-up' task is a cyclical whole body movement performed on the step platform. The exercise consisted of a few repetitive cycles. A cycle was defined by eight counts, four counts for the left leg pattern and four for the right leg as follows: The first half of the cycle was counted: I. Step up with the left foot onto the 20-cm step platform, 2. Flex the right hip to bring …

Changes In Neuromuscular Function In Collegiate Sprinters During An Indoor Season, Jack W. Skaggs

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in neuromuscular function through the use of the Hoffman Reflex in male Division I collegiate sprinters during an indoor competitive season. Design: a 2 X 4 factorial design. The independent variables in this study were groups (Sprint and Control) and testing times (base, mid, peak and taper). The dependent variable was the soleus Hreflex, anaerobic power, and body composition. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building at Indiana State University. Subjects: Ten male Division I collegiate sprinters (age: …

The Response Of The Hoffmann Reflex To Endurance Training In Male Cross-Country Runners, Randall J. Bergman

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Motoneuron pool excitability as measured by the Hoffinann reflex (H-reflex) in endurance-trained subjects has been shown to differ from their untrained counterparts. Further, the effects of endurance training on the H-reflex are equivocal. Objective: To determine if differences exist in the motoneuron pool excitability of the soleus in highly trained endurance athletes due to the effect of endurance training. Design: A 2 X 3 factorial design with repeated measures. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building on the Indiana State University campus. Subjects: Eleven male cross-country team members (XC; …

A Correlational Analysis Of Anthropometric Measures And Selected Blood, Immune And Endocrine Indices In Adult Males, Janet Tracey Peterson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Over the past few decades it has become apparent that increased body weight, specifically body fat, coupled with a sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk for chronic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Researchers are now re-directing their focus on determining the cause of these relationships from an epidemiological view to a more biological or physiological standpoint. The purpose of this cross sectional study was to examine associations among obesity, physical activity and select immune, endocrine and metabolic parameters identified as risk factors for several chronic conditions. Ninety-one healthy males between the ages of 19 and 45 …

Linder-Aronson S Analysis Using Rhinomanometry And Newtom, Noel Moser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Investigations into the effects of airway patency on craniofacial development are essential to ensure that interceptive orthodontic treatment provides the maximum benefit to the patient. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the size of the nasopharyngeal airway space on lateral cephalometric and 3D volumetric radiographs to determine if volumetric scans can be of greater diagnostic value than a lateral cephalometric film in determining the degree of airway blockage or patency and (2) to examine the correlation between functional airway resistance, as evaluated by rhinomanometry, and radiographic constriction due to nasal turbinate and adenoid size.

Twenty-eight subjects from …

Effects Of Two Backpack Weight Distributions On Perceptual And Physiological Measures During Walking, Katelyn Wells-Fahling

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Backpack weight distribution may affect economy by conserving energy and thus potentially prolonging fatigue. Research has not however examined effects of backpack weight distribution on subjective measures of intensity and comfort. Heart rate (HR) and overall and differentiated Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were examined during simulated backpacking with differentially weighted backpacks. Volunteers (n=27) completed two simulated hiking trials on a treadmill. Trials consisted of 15 minutes walking at 0% grade followed by 15 minutes walking at 10% grade at 2.5 mph (males) or 2.0 mph (females). Subjects wore an internal frame backpack packed to contain 25% of their individual …

A Long Way From Home: Transatlantic Sea Star Migration, William Jaeckle, Paul Kehle

Scholarship

For a marine biologist strolling along the eastern coast of South America, finding some sea stars (popularly called starfish, and technically members of the class Asteroidea of the phylum Echinodermata) is not all that unusual. However, when closer inspection reveals the sea stars to be ones that are also found on the shores of the western coast of Africa, the marine biologist now faces an interesting question: How did these sea stars come to be so far from home?

Originally published in Consortiumand used with permission.

The Effects Of A 10-Week Exercise Program On Physiological Variables And Quality Of Life In Type 2 Diabetes, David Robb Holton

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between psychological and physiological parameters before and after a 10-week, aerobic training study of sedentary diabetic individuals and sedentary controls. Tests measuring physiological parameters (interstitial NO, blood flow, lactate threshold, VO₂ peak and glycosylated hemoglobin) and a quality of life survey were completed before and after training. Nine previously sedentary diabetic (DE, diabetic exerciser) and 10 control sedentary subjects (CE, control exerciser) engaged in 10 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise. A non-training diabetic group (DS, diabetic sedentary, n=12) and a non-training control group (CS, control sedentary, n=I0) were also …

Striatal Dopamine Release By Serotonergic Terminals In The Dopamine-Depleted Rat, Kristi Suzanne Rau

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Parkinson’s disease (PD) results from severe dopamine (DA) neuron loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta. In an effort to replace the diminished DA levels, L-dopa, the precursor of DA, is administered. Although the most commonly prescribed medication, the site(s) where L-dopa is converted to DA is not well understood. Three likely striatal sites meeting the requirement of amino acid decarboxylase presence include remaining dopaminergic neurons, serotonergic terminals, and striatal intemeurons.

Studies have shown that serotonin (5-HT) neurons are capable of DA synthesis following exogenous L-dopa administration. In addition, striatal hyperinnervation by serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) axon terminals occurs …

Focal Temperature Change Facilitates The Peak-To-Peak Soleus Hoffmann Reflex And Muscle Response, Bentley Andrew Krause

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Cryotherapy is a widely used rehabilitative modality in sports medicine. Cooling joint tissues has been observed to facilitate active exercise following injury. Mechanisms effecting motoneuron recruitment during and following cryotherapy are presumed to be both local and central in nature. Focal cooling facilitates motoncuron pool recruitment and may alter the excitability of motoncurons. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if changes in focal temperature alter the characteristics of the maximum peak-to-peak Hoffmann reflex (Hmax) and muscle response (Mmax). Design and setting: A 4x5 factorial design with repeated measures on time was used in this study. Hmax and …

Unilateral Gynaecomastia--An Unusual Presentation Of Thyrotoxicosis, S Tauheed, M N. Haque

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Dietary Protein Intake As Measured By A Picture-Sort Food Frequency Questionnaire And Risk Of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture In Aging Residents Of Utah, Heidi Jensen Wengreen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein is an important component of bone, but the role of dietary protein intake in osteoporosis remains controversial. The Utah picture-sort food frequency questionnaire was found to produce a useful estimation of usual dietary intake in the elderly. This method of dietary assessment was used in a population-based case-control study to examine the relationship between protein intake and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly Utah residents. Analyses of risk of hip fracture across increasing quartiles of protein intake were stratified by age-group. Higher protein intake was associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture in men and women aged …

Rapid Actions Of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 On Phosphate Uptake In Isolated Chick Intestinal Cells, Bin Zhao

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] has been shown to promote phosphate transport rapidly in the perfused duodenal loop, relative to controls, reaching treated/av basal at T = 40 min = 1.82 ± 0.42 and 1.11 ± 0.21, respectively.

By using isolated chick enterocytes, studies were undertaken to determine whether 1,25(OH)₂D₃ has a direct effect on isolated intestinal cells that is manifested by either enhanced uptake or extrusion of phosphate.

In time course studies, with 4- to 8-wk-old chicks, ³²P uptake in enterocytes at 10 min after addition of test substance was 0%, 130%, …

Direct And Indirect Excitation Of Laterodorsal Tegmental Neurons By Hypocretin/Orexin Peptides: Implications For Wakefulness And Narcolepsy, Sophie Burlet, Christopher Tyler, Christopher S. Leonard

NYMC Faculty Publications

Compelling evidence links the recently discovered hypothalamic peptides Hypocretin/Orexin (Hcrt/Orx) to rapid eye movement sleep (REM) control and the sleep disorder narcolepsy, yet how they influence sleep-related systems is not well understood. We investigated the action of Hcrt/Orx on mesopontine cholinergic (MPCh) neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT), a target group whose function is altered in canine narcolepsy and appears pivotal for normal REM and wakefulness. Extracellular recordings from mouse brainstem slices revealed that Hcrt/Orx evoked prolonged firing of LDT neurons. Whole-cell recordings revealed that Hcrt/Orx had actions on both presynaptic neurons and at postsynaptic sites. Hcrt/Orx produced an …

Enhancement Of Anti-Hiv-1 Ribozyme Activities By Rev Binding And Multimerization, Yuksel Yildiz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To effectively apply hammerhead ribozymes as therapeutic agents it is necessary to co-localize them with the desired target. Human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV- 1) infectivity is dependent on env gene expression. HIV-1 Rev protein binds to a higher ordered RNA structure within the env transcript termed the Rev Binding Element (RBE). In anti-HIV gene therapy employing ribozymes to increase the co-localization of anti- HIV ribozymes with target HIV mRNAs, it has been proposed that when the native HIV- 1 RBE is appended to a ribozyme as a decoy molecule, simultaneous binding of Rev monomers to the RBE sequences in both …

Mechanisms Of Calcium Wave Initiation And Propagation In Astrocytes, Charles Emmet Stout

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Glial cells display propagated waves of cytoplasmic calcium (Ca²⁺) mobilization that spread outward from an initiating cell to involve hundreds to thousands of surrounding cells. This intercellular communication system is thought to initiate and coordinate Ca²⁺ dependent processes associated with vascular control, gut motility, uterine contraction, and synaptic plasticity. Not surprisingly, aberrant Ca signaling is thought to play a featured role in the pathophysiologies associated with dysfunction of these processes. This suggests that elucidation of the mechanism of Ca²⁺ waves will lead to rational therapeutic modalities for a variety of clinically significant entities.

Early studies revealed …

A Motor And A Brake: Two Leg Extensor Muscles Acting At The Same Joint Manage Energy Differently In A Running Insect, Anna N. Ahn, Robert J. Full

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The individual muscles of a multiple muscle group at a given joint are often assumed to function synergistically to share the load during locomotion. We examined two leg extensors of a running cockroach to test the hypothesis that leg muscles within an anatomical muscle group necessarily manage (i.e. produce, store, transmit or absorb) energy similarly during running. Using electromyographic and video motion-analysis techniques, we determined that muscles 177c and 179 are both active during the first half of the stance period during muscle shortening. Using the in vivo strain and stimulation patterns determined during running, we measured muscle power output. …

The Impact Of Burnout On Human Physiology And On Operational Performance: A Prospective Study Of Soldiers Enrolled In The Combat Diver Qualification Course, Charles A. Morgan Iii, Tracey Cho, Gary Hazlett, Vladimir Coric, Jeff Morgan

National Security Faculty Publications

(from p. 201) "If little is known about the pathophysiology of burnout, even less is known about the actual impact of burnout on military operational performance. This is due to a lack of studies focused on military performance. Whether or not soldiers may feel symptoms of burnout is one thing - whether this state actually affects how they do their job is another. Within the current environment (reduced forces, increased training rates, increased deployment rates, extended tours) we believe that military personnel may be at significant risk for the development of burnout. Further, we wondered if there was a demonstrable …

Dwarf Peppers: Evaluation Of ‘Triton’, Usu Crop Physiology Lab

Dwarf Crops

In November, 2001 through a connection with Mary Musgrave at University of Massachusetts, the sweet pepper ‘Triton’ was identified. ‘Triton’ is only 20-cm tall, flowers in 25 days, and produces large (~5 to 8 cm long) fruit. We are now characterizing the yield and environmental response of ‘Triton’. Additionally, seed will be collected from mature fruit and will be included in our dwarf seed outreach program run primarily though our web page. We are attempting to find the genetic origin of ‘Triton’.

Energetics Of Free-Ranging Seabirds, Hugh I. Ellis, Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Biology: Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Manipulation Of Prenatal Hormones And Dietary Phytoestrogens During Adulthood Alter The Sexually Dimorphic Expression Of Visual Spatial Memory, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund

Faculty Publications

In learning and memory tasks, requiring visual spatial memory (VSM), males exhibit higher performance levels compared to females (a difference attributed to sex steroid hormonal influences). Based upon the results from our companion investigation, this study examined the influence of prenatal sex steroid hormone manipulations on VSM in adulthood, as assessed in the radial arm maze. Additionally, the influence of dietary soy phytoestrogens (i.e., the presence of high or low estrogen-like compounds present in the animal's diet) on VSM was examined in combination with the prenatal hormonal manipulations. Results: Radial arm maze performance on a phytoestrogen-rich diet: 1) females treated …

Visual Spatial Memory Is Enhanced In Female Rats (But Inhibited In Males) By Dietary Soy Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Timothy W. West, Lilyan Y. Tian, Lihong H. Bu, Daniel L. Simmons, Kenneth Setchell, Herman Adlercreutz

Faculty Publications

In learning and memory tasks, requiring visual spatial memory (VSM), males exhibit superior performance to females (a difference attributed to the hormonal influence of estrogen). This study examined the influence of phytoestrogens (estrogen-like plant compounds) on VSM, utilizing radial arm-maze methods to examine varying aspects of memory. Additionally, brain phytoestrogen, calbindin (CALB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels were determined. Results: Female rats receiving lifelong exposure to a high-phytoestrogen containing diet (Phyto-600) acquired the maze faster than females fed a phytoestrogen-free diet (Phyto-free); in males the opposite diet effect was identified. In a separate experiment, at 80 days-of-age, animals fed the Phyto-600 …

A Comparison Of Hot Packs And Light Or Moderate Exercise On Rectus Femoris Temperature, Sean J. Sreniawski

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Hot packs, light exercise, and or moderate exercise are used to heat soft tissue injuries before rehabilitation or competition for their desired effects. This comparison is beneficial to clinicians, so that they may be better educated on the use of the most effective therapeutic modality heating protocols when treating a soft tissue injury. Objective: To compare the application of a hot pack to light intensity exercise and moderate intensity exercise on peak temperature of the rectus femoris muscle, and the time at which peak temperature is reached. Design: A 1 x 3 factorial design was used in this study. …

Long Chain Fatty Acids And Pc12 Cell Death, Joel E. Ulloth

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) are major sources of morbidity and mortality. The broad goal of this dissertation research is to gain a better understanding of the cascade of injury events that follow hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic injury and how they may contribute to the cell death. To accomplish this goal, one of the major secondary events common to both traumatic and hypoxic-ischemic injury was investigated: the prolonged hydrolysis of membrane phospholipid with the release of massive quantities of free (non-esterified) fatty acid (FFA). The central hypothesis of this dissertation research is that elevated levels of …

Development Of A Model For Infective Endocarditis Via Intravenous Injection And Tooth Infection Of Rats Using Pathogenic Bacteria, Shahrokh Shabahang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Historically, focal areas of infection have been linked to a number of systemic ailments. During the early part of the 20th century, patients who were suffering from inexplicable diseases and who were suspected of having infected teeth were referred to the dentist for multiple extraction of their dentition. The discovery of antibiotics provided a false sense of security that the war against microorganisms is no longer a concern for mankind. However, more recently, it has become common belief that increasing numbers of systemic diseases are linked to chronic infections. Recovery of bacteria from representative tissues has led investigators to believe …

Ultrasound Based Quantitative Motion Measurement Using Speckle Size Estimation, James D. Hamilton, Larry Y. L. Mo, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An ultrasound system determines the relative movement in a first direction (F1) of first matter, such as blood flow, and second matter, such as an artery wall, in a subject under study (S). A beam (B1) of ultrasound waves defining a plurality of beam positions (BP1 and BP2) and beam axes (A1 and A2) are moved in scan direction having components parallel to direction F1. First and second blocks of data representing the first and second matter, respectively, are generated. A processor (20) performs an estimation of speckle size on first data to obtain a first result, and performs analysis …

A Disengaging Metal Spike And Putting Green Quality, C. Jayne Brahler, Joe Macgowan, Marjorie Kapper, Katie Murphy, Mike Pequignot, Cristi Seidelson, Vicki Denlinger, Carrie Crites

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Over the past few years, some disadvantages to alternative spikes have surfaced. The amount of damage to putting surfaces is in question, but the damage may not be noticed immediately, as it is with the conventional 8-mm length metal spike. The present study questions the effect of alternative spikes on putting green quality and ball roll.

Vo2max Comparison Between Seated And Standing Ergometry, Andrew Bosak

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Maximum oxygen consumption (VC^max) represents the highest rate at which oxygen can be consumed and utilized to produce energy sustaining aerobic activity. V02max is regarded as the gold standard for assessing aerobic fitness and is essential for prescribing appropriate exercise intensities. Therefore, accurate determination of VC>2max is vital. Usually, VC>2max is obtained when an individual reaches volitional exhaustion during a Graded Exercise Test (GXT). Previous studies show V02max during standing cycle ergometry protocols and treadmill protocols to be similar, while seated cycle ergometry V02tnax values are lower. Conversely, other studies show seated and standing cycle ergometry V02max to …