Physiology Commons^™

Foam Rolling On The Whole Leg And Its Immediate Effects On Postural Control In Collegiate Female Athletes, Andrew Shim, Mackenzie Melton, Vanessa Fiaud, Monica Dial

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 954-964, 2024. The maintenance of body posture relies on mechanoreceptors, suggesting myofascial release could assist postural control. The effects of this have not been well documented, providing room for this investigation. Twenty-one female athletes spent approximately 2.5 minutes foam rolling the calf and thigh muscles on one leg then repeated on opposite leg for a total of 5 minutes. Center of Pressure (CoP) and Limit of Stability (LoS) were assessed using a Bertec posturography plate before (pre-) and after (post-) foam rolling. CoP was measured with eyes open stable surface (EOSS), or eyes closed …

Perception Of Running Shoe Cushioning: Determining The Correspondence Between Subjective Assessment And In-Vitro Measurement, Bahador Keshvari, Juergen Mitternacht Mr, Nick Schubert, Veit Senner

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 902-915, 2024. Running shoes, and in particular insoles, are the first interface between runners and running surface. Different insole attenuation properties may vary perception of cushioning and, accordingly, the effect on muscle adaptation. The aim of this study is to find the just noticeable difference between four insole materials, and investigate the parameters of in-vitro measurement of impact testing to predict cushioning comfort. Nineteen (n = 19) male participants were recruited from the sports center at the Technical University of Munich with a mean age of 23.89 (SD = 2.31), weight of 73.52 kg …

Raemap: Real-Time Advanced Eye Movements Analysis Pipeline, Gavindya Jayawardena

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

Eye-tracking offers insights into human cognition and attention allocation by capturing and interpreting eye movements. Traditionally, eye tracking research has relied on offline analysis methods, requiring post-experiment processing to derive insights from gaze data. This approach limits its applicability in contexts requiring immediate feedback and adaptive responses based on real-time gaze behaviors. Recent advancements in computing power and eye tracking technology have enabled a shift towards real-time analysis, allowing modern systems to interpret gaze data with minimal latency, facilitating integration into interactive applications and experiments. Despite these advancements, existing tools often face challenges with real-time computation of advanced gaze measures …

Use Of Ultrasound For Identification Of Musculoskeletal Injury In Active Populations, Kathleen Karen Hogan

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Lower extremity tendinopathies and fasciopathy conditions are prevalent amongst sedentary individuals,^1,2 athletes,^3,4 elite runners,^5,6and military personnel⁷ and can lead to chronic disability and reduction in quality of life. ^8,9 Both tendinopathy and fasciopathy are thought to be mechanical in nature and caused by acute or chronic overloading leading to a disruption in the uniformity of the soft tissue structure. Ultrasound imaging has gained popularity in the last decade among many sports medicine clinicians to gain information regarding tissue structure for musculoskeletal injury (MKSI) management. Ultrasound imaging allows for the evaluation of in-vivo structures and at …

A Timely Death Of The Tapetum Underlies More Floret1 (Mof1) Regulation Of Male Fertility In Rice, Janlo M. Robil

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measuring Activity Demands On Fatigue In Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, Laura R. Mccray, Kara M. Lee

Graduate Student Scholarship

The functional presentation of those with Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex, varying depending on cognition, physiological deficits, and support network. This study assesses the perceptions of fatigue across individuals with Parkinson's disease with different clinical presentations to guide clinicians in their selection of evidence-based interventions to facilitate greater functional outcomes. A mixed-methods design was used to collect data on the mental and physiological perceptions of fatigue, utilizing surveys and physiological measures such as heart rate. Participants were recruited from a community group targeting those with PD with inclusion criteria being a diagnosis of PD. Results for both heart rate and …

Streaminghub - A Realtime Biosignal Processing Framework For Lab Scale Experimentation, Yasith Jayawardana

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

In human subjects research, biosignals such as eye movements, heart rate, and brain activity, are often collected and analyzed to find patterns with tangible real-world implications. Modern advancements in technology have sparked interest towards analyzing biosignals in realtime. When developing such algorithms, one may expect to find free, open-source tools that provide easy access to live, recorded, and simulated data streams. Yet, biosignal interfaces are often vendor-specific, making cross-vendor biosignal streaming non-trivial. Likewise, reading biosignal datasets is also non-trivial, as their content may be arranged quite differently.

To combat this divide, we provide the scientific community with a realtime biosignal …

Fluctuations Of Jump Height In Male Basketball Players: Analysis Of A Competitive Season, Javier Biel-Costa, Jordi Vicens-Bordas, Albert Altarriba-Bartes, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Javier Pena

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 887-901, 2024. The present study aimed to determine whether neuromuscular fatigue monitored through countermovement jump height was a reliable and helpful marker for monitoring acute (session) and chronic (between sessions/periods of the season) fatigue throughout an entire basketball season. A longitudinal observational study analyzed the neuromuscular performance (i.e., through countermovement jump) during a basketball season. Fourteen semiprofessional male basketball players participated in the study between September 2021 and May 2022 (34 weeks, 102 practices, and 1574 jumps analyzed). Upon waking up, they completed an online wellness questionnaire. Before practices began, players performed three countermovement …

Identifying Sudden Cardiac Arrest Risk In Adolescent Male Athletes, Alexis Sattler, Susan Rozzi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 874-886, 2024. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) risk factors in high school (HS) athletes. Thirty-three male soccer players from a public HS in the southeastern United States (ages 14-17) self-reported survey data. Participants reported demographic, lifestyle, heart health, COVID-19 history, and symptoms indicative of SCA risk. An electrocardiogram (ECG) assessed heart rate (HR), rhythm, and electrical activity. Resting HR and blood pressure (BP) were measured with a BP monitor. The association between COVID-19 history, HR, and BP were calculated. Participants were divided into ECG …

Motivation Matters: Understanding The Antidepressant Mechanism Of Physical Activity Among Young Adults, Jessica E. H. Ryan, Travis R. Menuz, Megan E. Ames

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(5): 861-873, 2024. A negative association between physical activity and depressive symptoms is consistently reported within scientific literature and physical self-concept has been suggested to mediate this pathway. However, for whom these associations are strongest remains poorly understood, and little is known about how other psychosocial factors might be implicated. Consequently, we examined how various exercise motivations, specifically appearance, physical health, and mental health, might moderate the indirect effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms through physical self-concept. Canadian young adults (N = 496, Mage = 20.36, SD = 1.87) completed an online questionnaire. …

How An Ijes Working Group Grappled With The Complexities Of Three Letters—Dei—With The Goal To Broaden Inclusion And Representation In Exercise Science Research, Dustin W. Davis, Matthew J. Garver, Jafra Thomas, James W. Navalta, Shannon Siegel, Joel D. Reece, Jill M. Maples

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(8): 852-860, 2024. A self-study of International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES) publications from 2008 through 2021 revealed a sex-data gap in participant and corresponding author representation. This finding prompted the creation of the IJES Working Group for Opportunity, Representation, and Diverse Perspectives. We are a collaborative team of authors, reviewers, and editors, spanning both rural and urban teaching- and research-focused institutions, who assembled regularly starting in September 2023. The goal was to contemplate potential challenges and opportunities around diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), elicit discourse, and broaden inclusion and representation in exercise science research. …

Bimanual Coordination In Individuals Post-Stroke: Constraints, Rehabilitation Approaches And Measures: Systematic Review, Yutong Liu, Eryk Przysucha, Taryn Klarner, Carlos Zerpa, Keshini Madara Marasinghe

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(3): 831-851, 2024. To couple or not to couple is a dilemma for the CNS when performing bimanual goal-directed actions. Numerous interacting individual and task-related constraints contribute to the issue of effective movement coordination, and their impact on the emerging actions must be inferred from valid methodologies. This is particularly important when examining coordination in individuals with stroke undergoing rehabilitation. The purpose of this review was to identify the different constraints that may impact inter-limb coupling, and the rehabilitation approaches implemented to enhance those actions. Also, the measures incorporated to examine the effects of rehabilitation …

Effects Of Exercise Or Metformin On Myokine Concentrations In Patients With Breast And Colorectal Cancer: A Phase Ii Multi-Centre Factorial Randomized Trial, Justin C. Brown, Guillaume Spielmann, Shengping Yang, Stephanie L.E. Compton, Lee W. Jones, Melinda L. Irwin, Jennifer A. Ligibel, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Physical activity and metformin pharmacotherapy are associated with improved clinical outcomes in breast and colorectal cancer survivors. Myokines are cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle that may mediate these associations. Methods: This hypothesis-generating analysis used biospecimens collected from a multi-centre 2 × 2 factorial randomized design of 116 patients with stage I–III breast and colorectal cancer who were randomized to 12 weeks of (1) aerobic exercise (moderate intensity titrated to 220 min/week); (2) metformin (850 mg daily for 2 weeks and then titrated to 850 mg twice per day); (3) aerobic exercise and metformin; or (4) control. Fourteen myokines were …

The Use Of Musculoskeletal Fitness Measures As Indicators Of Performance In Police Occupational Tasks, Elisa F.D. Canetti, Robin Marc Orr, William Brown, Ben Schram, Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 819-830, 2024. Fitness testing is employed by some law enforcement agencies to assure performance in occupational tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between musculoskeletal fitness assessment scores and performance in police occupational tasks. Retrospective data from 106 law enforcement officers who completed five musculoskeletal fitness assessments (vertical jump (VJ), hand grip strength, leg back dynamometer, 1-minute push-ups and sit-ups) and three routine occupational tasks (1.22m fence jump (FJ), 8.5m victim drag (VD) with 101kg and a get-up (GU)) were collected. A standard multiple regression was performed to determine if the …

Normative Hamstrings And Quadriceps Isometric Strength Values And Hamstrings-Quadriceps Asymmetry In Healthy Collegiate Soccer And Basketball Players, Oluwatoyosi Owoeye, Davie Mulenga, Jemma Kim, Anthony Breitbach, Jamil Neme

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 768-778, 2024. The objectives of this study were to report weight-normalized, sex- and sport-stratified normative values for hamstrings and quadriceps isometric strength in collegiate soccer and basketball players using a low-cost hand-held dynamometer and assess the prevalence of “substantial” hamstrings-quadriceps (H/Q) ratio strength imbalance (<0.6) among players. Ninety-four healthy collegiate male and female soccer and basketball players (age range: 18–24 years) were examined for baseline isometric hamstrings and quadriceps strength using a handheld isometric dynamometer with standardized and valid protocols. For soccer, the mean (95%CI) weight-normalized peak isometric strength values (considering dominant limbs) were 3.29 (2.90 to 3.64) N/kg (hamstrings) and 5.48 (4.96 to 6.00) N/kg (quadriceps) in male players and 2.62 (2.39 to 2.85) N/kg (hamstrings) and 4.55 (4.14 to 4.96) N/kg (quadriceps) in female players. For basketball, the mean (95% CI) peak strength values were 2.97 (2.72 to 3.21) N/kg (hamstrings) and 4.89 (4.44 to 5.33) N/kg (quadriceps) in male players and 2.48 (2.15 to 2.80) N/kg (hamstrings) and 4.21 (3.54 to 4.87) N/kg (quadriceps) in female players. The prevalence of substantial H/Q strength imbalance was 37% (95%CI: 24% to 52%) in soccer and 44% (95%CI: 29% to 60%) in basketball players. This study is first to provide normative values for peak isometric hamstrings and quadriceps strength using a low-cost hand-held dynamometer. The normative database from this study is valuable to coaches, sports medicine professionals, exercise scientists and other stakeholders to inform injury prevention, rehabilitation progression, return to play decisions and performance goals in collegiate soccer and basketball players.

Acute Effects Of Exercise At Different Temperatures On Clinical Symptoms And Nasal Blood Flow In Patient With Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Crossover Trial, Kanphatson Kerdkaew, Wannaporn Tongtako

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(3): 779-793, 2024. Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects the nose and is triggered by allergens. However, no research studies have analyzed the acute effect of aerobic exercise at different temperatures in AR patients. This study was to determine the acute effect of aerobic exercise at different temperatures on rhinitis symptoms and nasal blood flow (NBF) in AR patients. Fifteen AR patients aged 18–24 years were randomized in a crossover fashion into two protocols: 60 minutes of aerobic exercise at temperatures of 25 °C and 34 °C. The NBF, rhinitis symptoms, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), fractional …

Impact Of Latin Ballroom Dance Training On Gait Biomechanics, Anxiety, And Depression, Grace Hanks, Tyler Standifird, Barry Andelin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 794-809, 2024. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of Latin ballroom dance training on gait biomechanics, anxiety, and depression. There were twelve Latin ballroom dancers and twelve recreationally active non-dancers that participated in this research. For collecting data on gait biomechanics, participants walked on a pressure sensitive walkway system and force plates to collect information on foot and ground interactions. Reflective trackers were placed on the anterior part of their hips, knees, and ankles to measure frontal plane lower leg alignment during weight acceptance. A survey including the Generalized Anxiety …

Empowerher: A Pilot Study To Increase Physical Activity And Strength Through Powerbuilding, Aspen E. Streetman, Murry T. Streetman, Halle N. Brin, Emily L. Mailey, Katie M. Heinrich

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(8): 750-767, 2024. Engaging in empowering exercise develops movement competency (MC) and strength and supports physical health, mental well-being, and quality of life. Powerbuilding combines powerlifting and bodybuilding to increase physical activity (PA), MC, and strength. To our knowledge, powerbuilding has not been explored as an exercise intervention. This pilot study investigated the impact of an eight-week powerbuilding intervention on women’s PA, MC, strength, and empowerment. Eighteen women aged 25.1±9.8 with no powerbuilding experience participated in the intervention, meeting three times weekly for one hour. PA and MC were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Three-repetition maximum …

The 2024 International Journal Of Exercise Science Position Stand On Inclusion, James W. Navalta, Dustin W. Davis, Jafra Thomas, Matthew J. Garver, Shannon Siegel, Joel D. Reece, Jill M. Maples

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(8): 730-749, 2024. The International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES) Working Group for Opportunity, Representation, and Diverse Perspectives was tasked with developing a position stand to provide guidance in critical areas of inclusion. We present to authors, reviewers, and all readership IJES ideals to utilize in practice. Key points are presented, followed by a deeper look with greater explanation into the areas of inclusive language, diversity and inclusion in research, and accessibility. The same approach is presented for the areas of age, disability status, gender identity and sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity with attention to …

Smartpaddle® As A New Monitoring Feature: A Comparison Between Inertial Measurement Unit- And Strain Gauge-Based Devices On Tethered Swimming Forces., Joao Octavio Campos, Felipe Ribeiro, Gabriel L. Pereira, Marcelo Papoti

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(6): 670-681, 2024. Smartpaddle^® is a novel wearable device based on inertial measurement units (IMU) for in-field arm-stroke kinetics and kinematics analysis in swimming. However, the lack of data regarding its agreement and reliability, coupled with restricted access to raw data, emphasizes the need to evaluate it against a well-established strain gauge (SG) reference method for assessing swimming forces. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the agreement and reliability between the Smartpaddle^® and strain gauge in a 30-s all-out arms-only tethered swimming test. Twelve trained young adult swimmers performed a test-retest 30-s all-out …

Shoulder Taps: Relationships Between A New Movement Screening Assessment With Body Composition And Physical Fitness In Law Enforcement Recruits, Caitlyn E. Heredia, J. Jay Dawes, Joseph Dulla, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 702-719, 2024. The overhead squat, as part of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), can analyze total- and lower-body mechanics. Shoulder taps, which incorporates a push-up position and challenges shoulder, trunk, and hip stability, may identify movement deficiencies indicated by multiple FMS actions which could be useful for law enforcement recruits. This study determined overhead squat and shoulder taps relationships, associations between these screens with body composition and fitness, and differences in body composition and fitness according to overhead squat/shoulder taps scores in recruits by sex. Retrospective analysis was conducted on 202 recruit datasets (158 …

Β-Alanine Plus Sodium Bicarbonate Co-Supplementation Does Not Decrease Neuromuscular Fatigue In Swimming, Felipe Alves Ribeiro, Danilo Rodrigues Bertucci, Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho, Tarine Botta De Arruda, Matheus Silva Norberto, Giovanni Loureiro Raspantini, Ellen Cristini De Freitas, Alessandro Moura Zagatto, Marcelo Papoti

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 648-659, 2024. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic β-alanine (βA) plus acute sodium bicarbonate (SB) co-supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity intermittent efforts in swimming. Eleven regional and national competitive-level young swimmers performed a neuromuscular fatigue assessment before and immediately after two 20 × 25-m front crawl maximal efforts every 90 s, performed at pre- and post-4-week co-supplementation. Neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated by percutaneous electrical stimuli through the twitch interpolation technique on the triceps brachii and quadriceps femoris. Performance was defined by the mean time of the 20 efforts and …

Does Box Height Matter? A Comparative Analysis Of Box Height On Box Jump Performance In Men And Women, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos, Jocarol Shields, Ricardo Berton, Taylor K. Dinyer-Mcneely, Michael Trevino, Olivia Anderson, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 720-729, 2024. This study aimed to analyze the effect of box height on box jump performance among recreationally active college students. Fourteen males (age = 20.8 ± 4.1 years, height = 178.3 ± 6.3 cm, weight = 82.3 ± 13.0 kg) and seventeen females (age = 20.8 ± 2.1 years, height = 167.1 ± 5.5 cm, weight = 64.5 ± 7.4 kg) completed box jumps at five different box heights that corresponded to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of their maximal box jump height. Variables of interest included peak force, rate of force …

Improvements In Postural Stability, Dynamic Balance And Strength Following 12 Weeks Of Online Ballet-Modern Dance Classes For Older Women., Emma Hsiaowen Chen, Andreas Bergdahl, Mary Roberts

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 682-701, 2024. Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths among older adults and affect women at disproportionate rates. Dance has been used to improve postural stability, balance confidence and strength of older adults, but in-person classes are often inaccessible. This quasi-experimental pre-mid-post design study investigates whether 12 weeks of online dance classes can improve postural stability, dynamic balance and strength of women aged 65 plus. 16 participants (median=74 years, IQR=6) recruited via convenience sampling completed 12 weeks of twice weekly 75-minute online dance classes. In-person pre, mid and post assessments used 30-second trials …

Comparison Of Different Take-Off Thresholds When Assessing Vertical Jump Performance, J. Chadwick Smith, Hugh Lamont, Madeleine Barefoot

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 660-669, 2024. Reliably determining vertical jump (VJ) take-off on a force plate is crucial when identifying performance-related biomechanical factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare several take-off thresholds (20 N, 10 N, 5 N, 1 N, five standard deviations above an unloaded force plate (5SD), and peak residual force (PkRes) produced when the force plate was unloaded) in terms of jump height (JH), movement time (MT), reactive strength index modified (RSImod), net impulse (netIMP), and propulsive impulse (prIMP). Twenty-one participants performed five countermovement VJs on a force plate. All thresholds were …

Time Scale Separation In Life-Long Ovarian Follicles Population Dynamics Model, Romain Yvinec, Frédérique Clément, Guillaume Ballif

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Patterns And Potential Mechanisms Of Phenotypic Changes In Urban Small Mammals, Leslie Lopez

Master's Theses

Urbanization is an example of human induced rapid environmental change that can have wide-reaching ecological effects, including habitat destruction, fragmentation, and alteration of local climates. Effects of urbanization have been shown to impact wildlife, as disturbances resulting from urbanization can create novel environments and selective pressures that could lead to changes in morphology, physiology, or both. Small mammals such as rodents are an ecologically important set of wildlife species because they are a key prey item for several predators, hold strong influence over plants as a primary consumer, and some species carry and transmit major human and animal diseases. Previous …

Protein Oxidation In Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease Brain, Rukhsana Sultana, D. Allan Butterfield

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Proteins are essential molecules that play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and carrying out biological functions such as catalyzing biochemical reactions, structural proteins, immune response, etc. However, proteins also are highly susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In this review, we summarize the role of protein oxidation in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The major emphasis of this review article is on the carbonylation and nitration of proteins in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The oxidatively modified proteins showed a strong correlation with the reported changes in brain structure, carbohydrate …

Agreement Of Air Bike And Treadmill Protocols To Assess Maximal Oxygen Uptake: An Exploratory Study, Travis Lipscomb, Megan Sax Van Der Weyden, Ali Boolani, Bryan St. Andrews, Joel Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 633-647, 2024. Maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O_2max) is an important measure of aerobic fitness, with applications in evaluating fitness, designing training programs, and assessing overall health. While treadmill assessments are considered the gold standard, airbikes (ABs) are increasingly popular exercise machines. However, limited research exists on AB-based V̇O2max assessments, particularly regarding agreement with treadmill graded exercise tests. To address this gap, a randomized crossover study was conducted, involving 15 healthy adults (9M, 6F, 7 familiar with AB) aged 30.1 ± 8.6 years. Paired t-tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman and Principal component …

The Effects Of A Core Stabilization Training Program On The Performance Of Functional Tasks In Firefighters, Emily G. Maxwell, Sean M. Collins, Jill M. Lucas

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 602-610, 2024. The purpose of this study was to observe if core stabilization training plays a significant role in firefighter time-to-completion during a functional performance test. A within subjects study design was used in which subjects (n = 13, 84.6% male, 33.7 ± 7.4 years of age, 91.06 ± 13.29 kg, 25.79 ± 6.55 percent body fat, 8.96 ± 7.51 years of firefighting experience) completed two performance tests (pre and post core training), comprised of 7 firefighter-specific exercises performed while wearing a 22.68 kg weight vest to mimic typical firefighter equipment. Between testing …