Physiology Commons^™

A Review Of Automated External Defibrillator Considerations In Athletic Training, Bryana M. Mammana, Susan W. Yeargin, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

N/a

Correlation Between Pre-Season Single-Leg Hop Testing Data And Lower Extremity Injuries In Collegiate Soccer Players, Ashley Kuchenbuch, Justin M. Stanek

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Lower extremity injuries are very common in collegiate soccer athletes and often lead to long-term rehabilitation programs and a decline in the athlete’s overall quality of life. Using single leg hop tests to identify “at-risk” athletes before the competitive season begins could allow medical staff to implement injury prevention programs that could help reduce the incidence of lower extremity injuries throughout the season. The purpose of this study was to determine if data taken from single leg hop (SLH) testing could help predict lower extremity injuries in female collegiate soccer players. A convenience sample of twenty-one participants were chosen to …

College Student-Athlete Perceptions Of Characterizations And Interpersonal Trust In Their Athletic Trainer: A Point-Of-Care Research Study, Ryan N. Moran, Deidre Leaver-Dunn, Jeff Allen, Jessica Wallace

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Patient-centered care is essential in athletic training with limited research examining the relationship between patient and clinician. Previous theory has identified constructs of quality athletic trainers (ATs); however, it remains unknown how current athletes perceive these theorized constructs in the ATs providing them medical care. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of characterizations of a quality athletic trainer and interpersonal trust between the student-athlete and AT in the collegiate setting and establish reliability of these surveys. A second aim was to explore differences between sex, previous exposure to an AT, and having had access to an …

The Impact Of Video-Assisted Education On Knowledge And Retention Compared To Paper Education Material, Keiona M. Nance, Matthew J. Drescher, Lindsey E. Eberman, Matthew J. Rivera

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

When educating patients, clinicians must be effective to assure patients understand their treatment plan and abide by such to achieve optimal outcomes. Teaching methods that stimulate numerous senses more positively impact learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare paper and video-assisted education at the point-of-care with the aim of changing patient education and local practice in a system for individuals undergoing total hip arthroplasties (THAs). We used a randomized cohort design to explore patient knowledge and retention and educational method at the point-of-care. We compared the current education method (paper) to video-assisted materials using pre and post-education …

Exploratory Clinical Assessment And Treatment Of Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation Post Concussion: A Case Study, Megan Coker, James May

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The physiological alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function due to concussion are suggested to play a role in persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). Currently, there are few objective and clinically feasible measurements to assess ANS vitality in patients experiencing PPCS. The following case study details an assessment and treatment protocol targeted towards regulating the ANS in an adolescent female suffering from PPCS one month after injury. Pre-intervention, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess perceived pain, anxiety, stress, and breathing function were administered as well as a physical assessment performed for breath function and vagus nerve integrity. The patient was …

Comparing Mental Health Between Ncaa Division Iii Student-Athletes Competing In Team- And Individual-Sports, Autumn Presley, Tiffany Franklin, Jeffrey Williams

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Mental health is a topic that has gained attention in recent years, but few studies have examined NCAA Division III student-athletes. Division III student-athletes are known to experience high levels of distress, and previous literature indicates there may be a significant psychological difference between student-athletes who compete in individual-sports compared to those who participate in team-sports. The purpose of this study was to explore mental health challenges (levels of depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms) among Division III student-athletes, particularly between those participating in team- and individual-sports. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The independent variable was group (team-sport athletes and …

Medical Disqualification As A Barrier To Healthcare In Military Service Members, Kaitlyn A. Jones, Joshua R. Jaime, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

N/a

Comparing Multivalent Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate/ Montmorillonite Beads Containing Curcumin Or Cayenne Pepper As Drug Carriers And Their Antimicrobial Resistance, Shionainn Traynor, Shubham Sharma

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

The aim of the following work was to investigate and compare curcumin and cayenne pepper in microbeads composed of sodium alginate (SA) crosslinked with montmorillonite (MMT) to act as drug carriers and their antimicrobial resistance. The microbeads were prepared through ion-exchange in multivalent solutions of CaCl₂, MgCl₂ and AlCl₃. The microbeads were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and the time required for intercalation of curcumin and cayenne pepper with MMT. Simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.3) and gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37°C were used for comparison in swelling studies. …

Tension Recordings From Primary Bronchi In Acta2-Gcamp8.1-Mvermilion Transgenic Mice, Qais Khalaf, Srijit Ghosh, Keith Thornbury

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Contractions in smooth muscle cells are initiated by elevation of cytosolic Ca²⁺. It is of interest to measure Ca²⁺ signals in these cells. Transgenic Acta2-GCaMP8.1-mVermilion (GCaMP) mice express a genetically encoded intracellular fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicator in smooth muscle cells, have been developed to facilitate the study of Ca²⁺. However, there is a concern that the GCaMP Ca²⁺ indicator might buffer Ca²⁺ and interfere with the signals it is designed to measure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare tension responses in GCaMP and wild type (WT) mice to determine if …

Editorial - Sure Journal Vol 6, Anne M. Friel, Eva Campion, Sinead Loughran

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

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Enhanced Glucose Production In Norepinephrine And Palmitate Stimulated Hepatocytes Following Endurance Training, Ken D. Sumida, Vera M. Lordan, Casey M. Donovan

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis plays an important role in exercise glucose homeostasis when hepatic glycogen stores are depleted. Livers from trained animals demonstrate greater rates of gluconeogenesis in the presence of elevated substrate with and without hormonal stimulation. Training has been reported to have a particularly profound impact on norepinephrine-stimulated gluconeogenesis, but this was only demonstrated in the presence of other gluconeogenic hormones. Here we reexamine the impact of endurance training on norepinephrine-stimulated gluconeogenesis in the absence of any other hormones. Isolated hepatocytes from trained and untrained rats were incubated in 6 mM lactate with various concentrations of norepinephrine (0 nM–20 …

Food Security And Its Impact On Hypertension In Urban Communities, Lauren M. Nobriga

Master's Projects and Capstones

The Quality Improvement Team proposed an intervention to increase enrollment in the Food Security Program, a six-month initiative that provides vouchers redeemable for fruits and vegetables. Long-term impacts of this Program include an improved food economy and enhanced patient disease management autonomy. This project aimed to increase the percentage of eligible adult medicine clinic patients enrolled in the Food Security Program by 25%, or 11 patients per month, based on the mean enrollment for the first four months of the Program (May to August) of nine patients. The intervention was based on bi-monthly performance reports, making the goal include enrolling …

Study Of The Brain Anatomy Of Three Extinct Marsupials: Thylacinus Cynocephalus, Thylacoleo Carnifex, And Silvabestius Johnnilandi, Francisco Garcia

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

Marsupials are pouched mammals that today are mainly found in Australasia and South America. Marsupials have proven to be quite intriguing to evolutionary biologists who note how some marsupials resemble placentals in anatomy due to convergent evolution, with both marsupials and placentals filling similar niches in their respective environments. As of today, studies interested in marsupial brain evolution have published descriptions of cranial endocasts for several species of marsupials, with the number of descriptions seeing a massive boost over the last 20 years with the arrival of CT imaging technology. However, no comprehensive study of brain evolution in marsupials has …

Physiological And Biomechanical Perspectives On Elbow Function During Forehand And Backhand Disc Golf Throws: A Novel Investigation, Lauren Rachelle Giles

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Over 81% of players have reported injuries linked to disc golfing, predominantly due to overuse. Since disc golf originated, there is a lack of research on the proper biomechanics of the disc golf throw. This descriptive, quantitative study seeks to be the first. We investigated 6 females and 35 males, aged 21-66, registered to compete in disc golf. The goal was to examine the kinetic parameters of healthy disc golfers to identify biomechanics likely associated with safety. Research questions investigated whether there is a connection between lean body mass and disc distance traveled, elbow torque and disc distance, or grip …

Comparing Physiological, Psychological, And Performance Changes Between Myo-Reps Vs Traditional Hypertrophy Protocols, Antonella V. Schwarz

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In long-term athlete development, it is common to emphasize hypertrophic adaptations during the beginning training phases prior to focusing on strength and power performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological, psychological, and performance differences between myo-reps (MYO) vs. traditional (TRAD) hypertrophy protocols in trained n=8 male subjects over eight weeks. Current literature suggests hypertrophy may be optimized through 3-6 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (IRM) with 1-3 minutes of rest per set. However, alternative hypertrophy protocols such as MYO are underexplored. This quantitative experimental study assessed MYO vs TRAD protocols on hypertrophy …

Immediate And Short-Term Effects Of A Single Bout Of Circuit Resistance Training And Tabata-Style Resistance Training On Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption In Resistance-Trained Individuals, Bruce David Bentley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Increased energy expenditure due to post-exercise oxygen consumption may be a valuable tool in maintaining health and preventing obesity. Circuit resistance training and Tabata-style resistance training have potential to increase daily energy expenditure in a time-efficient manner. The purpose of this study was to compare the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption immediately following and 24 hours after a single bout of circuit resistance training and a single bout of Tabata-style resistance training. Nine participants were recruited and randomly assigned a completion order of the control, circuit resistance training, and Tabata-style resistance training conditions. Resting energy expenditure were measured at baseline, immediately …

Fluid Intake And Hydration Responses To Mass Participation Gravel Cycling, Carly Schuerger, Brandon Raik, Francis Salmon, Kian Foote, Angelo Madlambayan, Maya Vega, Grace Handler, Matthew M. Schubert

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 1648-1662, 2024. Gravel cycling is a relatively new cycling discipline, with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) hosting their first World Championships in 2022. Gravel races combine features of road racing, cyclocross, and mountain biking, including terrain of varying technical difficulty, long distances, substantial elevation gain, obstacles, and limited opportunities to stop for in-race nutrition. This study assessed hydration responses to gravel races of three different distances. Data were collected on saliva osmolarity (SOsm), body mass (BM), fluid intake, and nutrition knowledge at a gravel cycling race in April 2023. A total of 121 participants …

Assessment Of The Accuracy Of A Deep Learning Algorithm- And Video-Based Motion Capture System In Estimating Snatch Kinematics, Federico Thiele, Florian K. Paternoster, Chris Hummel, Fabian Stöcker, Denis Holzer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1629-1647, 2024. In weightlifting, quantitative kinematic analysis is essential for evaluating snatch performance. While marker-based (MB) approaches are commonly used, they are impractical for training or competitions. Markerless video-based (VB) systems utilizing deep learning-based pose estimation algorithms could address this issue. This study assessed the comparability and applicability of VB systems in obtaining snatch kinematics by comparing the outcomes to an MB reference system. 21 weightlifters (15 Male, 6 Female) performed 2–3 snatches at 65%, 75%, and 80% of their one-repetition maximum. Snatch kinematics were analyzed using an MB (Vicon Nexus) and VB (Contemplas …

Metabolic Response Of The Code Goby (Gobiosoma Robustum) To Estuarine Climate Change Forecasts, Karli S. Corey

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Forage fishes are small bodied species that form a diverse functional group, serving as a primary food source for a wide range of marine predators. This group plays a significant ecological role through energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Gobiosoma robustum (Code Goby) is a substantive diet component of several recreationally significant juvenile sportfishes in Florida estuaries. While the thermal tolerance of this species may be inferred from observational data, the absolute physiological limitations of this species remain unknown. In this study, intermittent-flow respirometry and critical thermal maxima were used to determine the response of G. robustum to chronic and …

Insights Into Cerebrovascular Health: Comparative Study Of The Common Carotid And Middle Cerebral Artery, Emma Lou

2024 Fall Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

The carotid artery, responsible for blood flow to the brain, and the middle cerebral artery (MCA), which supplies the cerebrum, are both susceptible to atherosclerosis, a condition that impairs blood flow and can lead to cognitive decline and ischemic strokes. This study investigates whether blood flow and vasodilation responses in the MCA during a hypercapnic challenge are comparable to those in the common carotid artery, which supplies the entire brain. This project aims to address limitations in current assessment methods, such as transcranial and duplex Doppler ultrasonography, to ascertain whether these two arteries exhibit consistent vasodilation patterns under hypercapnic conditions. …

Myosin Xva Isoforms Participate In The Mechanotransduction-Dependent Remodeling Of The Actin Cytoskeleton In Auditory Stereocilia, Ana I. López-Porras, Ava M. Kruse, Mark T. Mcclendon, A. Catalina Vélez-Ortega

Neurology Faculty Publications

Auditory hair cells form precise and sensitive staircase-like actin protrusions known as stereocilia. These specialized microvilli detect deflections induced by sound through the activation of mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels located at their tips. At rest, a small MET channel current results in a constant calcium influx which regulates the morphology of the actin cytoskeleton in the shorter ‘transducing’ stereocilia. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this novel type of activity-driven plasticity in the stereocilium cytoskeleton are currently unknown. Here, we tested the contribution of myosin XVA (MYO15A) isoforms, given their known roles in the regulation of stereocilia dimensions during hair …

High Yield Of Congenital Hypothyroidism Among Infants Attending Children Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Facility Based Study In The Absence Of Newborn Screening, Menbere Kahssay, Thomas Ngwiri

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a treatable cause of intellectual disability. Late diagnosis and delayed initiation of treatment leads to irreversible neurodevelopmental and intellectual disability. Thus, newborn screening is crucial. However, 71 % of babies are born in an area with no established newborn screening program and Kenya is not an exception. We aimed to determine the incidence of CHT, developmental outcomes of patients in the absence of newborn screening.

Methods: A retrospective data of subjects who met the inclusion criteria, newborn and infants from 3 days to 2 years whose thyroid function test (TFT) was undertaken during well baby …

Apoa2 Increases Cholesterol Efflux Capacity To Plasma Hdl By Displacing The C-Terminus Of Resident Apoa1, Snigdha Sarkar, Jamie Morris, Youngki You, Hannah Sexmith, Scott E. Street, Stephanie M. Thibert, Isaac K. Attah, Chelsea M. Hutchinson Bunch, Irina V. Novikova, James E. Evans, Amy S. Shah, Scott M. Gordon, Jere P. Segrest, Karin E. Bornfeldt, Tomas Vaisar, Jay W. Heinecke, W. Sean Davidson, John T. Melchior

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Abstract The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to promote cellular cholesterol efflux is a more robust predictor of cardiovascular disease protection than HDL-cholesterol levels in plasma. Previously, we found that lipidated HDL containing both apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) and A-II (APOA2) promotes cholesterol efflux via the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1). In the current study, we directly added purified, lipid-free APOA2 to human plasma and found a dose-dependent increase in whole plasma cholesterol efflux capacity. APOA2 likewise increased the cholesterol efflux capacity of isolated HDL with the maximum effect occurring when equal masses of APOA1 and APOA2 coexisted on the particles. Follow-up …

Untargeted Lipidomics Reveals Novel Hdl Metabotypes And Lipid-Clinical Correlates, Peer W. F. Karmaus, Scott M. Gordon, Marcus Y. Chen, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, Rodney W. Snyder, Timothy R. Fennell, Suramya Waidyanatha, Reshan A. Fernando, Alan T. Remaley, Michael B. Fessler

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), originally studied for its role in lipid transport, is now appreciated to have wide-ranging biological functions that become defective during disease. While >200 lipids have collectively been detected in HDL, published HDL lipidomic analyses in different diseases have commonly been targeted to prespecified subsets of lipids. Here, we report the results of untargeted lipidomic analysis of HDL isolated from 101 subjects referred for computed tomographic coronary imaging for whom multiple additional clinical and lipoprotein metadata were measured. Unsupervised clustering of the total HDL lipidome revealed that the subjects fell into one of two discrete groups, herein …

Effects Of Metoprolol And Propranolol Beta-Blockers Mixture On Morphological And Physiological Responses In The American Oyster, Andrew Salinas

Theses and Dissertations

Beta-blockers are extensively used to treat human cardiovascular conditions yet pose significant risks to non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term exposure (one week) to a beta-blocker’s mixture (low-dose: 50 ng/L propranolol and 250 ng/L metoprolol, and high-dose: 250 ng/L propranolol and 650 ng/L metoprolol) in the American oysters. Histopathological assessments revealed structural damage to gills, connective tissues, and digestive glands in both low- and high-dose treatment groups. Additionally, glucose concentration and pH of the extrapallial fluid significantly declined in the high-dose treatment group. Hemocyte density within connective tissues increased proportionally with dosage. The beta-blocker …

Physiology And Genomics At The Bottom Of The World: Genome To Phenome, Amy Christine Klink

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Mammals are exposed to a suite of physiological challenges based on the environment in which they inhabit. Animal individuals can overcome challenges associated with the dynamic nature of their habitat through variation in phenotypic traits. The plasticity of a phenotype relies on an individual’s genome and the transcription factors that act on regulatory elements. Species living in Antarctica display physiological specializations to withstand harsh conditions, such as severe cold temperatures, shifts in available ice habitat, and annual fluctuations in daylight. To explore the connections between an individual’s genome and its phenotype, we investigated two physiologies of the Antarctic Weddell seal …

Randomized Pilot Study Examining An Online Diet Intervention To Increase Intake Of Fruits And Vegetables Among Healthy Adults, Diana Kolb, Sarah Deemer, Eva Claire Synkowski, Stephanie Silveira

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 1618-1628, 2024. Intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is related to health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to test an online diet program promoting F&V intake among healthy adults. Twenty-three participants were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week intervention condition (#800gChallenge®) or wait-list control condition. In weeks 1-4, intervention participants were asked to interact with an application reporting (a) whether they met their daily 800g F&V goal, (b) if their 800g of F&V was from a variety of sources, and (c) reading of daily educational material. Weeks 1-4 included weekly Zoom check-in …

The Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin Disrupts Feeding And Sleeping Behaviors In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lucas Fitzgerald

The Cardinal Edge

Dimethylbiguanide, also known as metformin, is the single most prescribed oral treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, or type 2 diabetes, in western countries. The primary mechanism of action that metformin acts through is the activation of AMP kinase, an important regulator of energy homeostasis. While the anti-diabetic effects of metformin are well documented, its effects on feeding and sleeping behaviors are not well characterized. Using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, the mean daily quantity of food consumed was measured and compared between groups treated with several dosages of metformin. Feeding interactions such as meal frequency and length were …

Differences In Physiological Responses Between Two Repeated Sprint Protocols In Female Soccer Players, Emma Hörnlund, Spyridon Hadjispyrou, Apostolos Theos

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(6): 1605-1617, 2024. Soccer is a team sport characterized by repeated high-intensity sprints followed by brief periods of recovery. Repeated sprints with (RCOD) and without (RSA) change-of-direction has therefore been recognized as an important fitness component. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in physiological responses between RSA and RCOD, and the relationship with Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1), as an estimate of aerobic capacity, in female soccer players. Thirteen female soccer players (age: 20.8 ± 2.6 years) participated. All players performed an RSA and RCOD test, as well as a …

Distinct Visual Processing Patterns In Female Elite Athletes: A Comparative Study Of Gymnastics, Soccer, And Esports Using Visual P300 Event-Related Potentials, Papatsorn Ramyarangsi, Simon J. Bennett, Vorasith Siripornpanich, Ampika Nanbancha, Akachai Pokaisasawan, Prapan Noppongsakit, Amornpan Ajjimaporn

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(5): 1595-1604, 2024. Visual processing is crucial for sports performance, influencing athletes' ability to interpret and respond to visual stimuli. This study investigated distinct visual processing patterns among Thai elite athletes in gymnastics, soccer, and esports, utilizing visual P300 event-related potentials (P300 ERPs). Forty-two female athletes (14 gymnasts, 14 soccer players, and 14 esports athletes) participated. Visual P300 ERP responses were stimulated using the visual oddball paradigm. One-way ANOVA was employed to assess significant differences among the groups in P300 ERPs data, including amplitude and latency of waveforms, response time, and accuracy rate. Significant differences …