Physiology Commons^™

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Down-Regulated In The Brains Of Female Hs Rats Compared To Ns Rats, Dr. James Porter

Journal of Undergraduate Research

We were able to use RT-PCR to confirm that mRNA expression for brain soluble epoxide hydrolase was significantly down-regulated. The magnitude of relative down-regulation was on the same order as that found using microarray analysis. This was an important finding since microarray data cannot be published unless corroborating evidence is found using a separate technology (these data were presented at the Experimental Biology 2010 meeting in April, 2010).

Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) Mediates Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation, Dr. Paul Reynolds

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Funding available through this MEG award has provided an opportunity for me to meet many academic objectives I’ve determined to be important in the early stages of my faculty appointment at BYU. First of all, I have been able to move my on site research program forward and involve many undergraduates in the process. Specific to the current MEG award, involved students and I have been able to accomplish the proposed research. We have been successful in conducting pilot studies that reveal possible roles for RAGE in mechanisms of lung inflammation induced by both diesel particulate matter (PM) and cigarette …

Modulation Of Synaptic Transmission By Adenosine In Layer 2/3 Of The Rat Visual Cortex In Vitro, Nicholas M. Bannon

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Integrating Quantitative Experiments Into The Physiology Classroom, Sowmya Anjur

Faculty Publications & Research

Physiology and Disease is a student led inquiry based class at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, where students design and execute their own experiments and analyze their data based on the evidence they have gathered. Student surveys have also indicated the need for more quantitation in lab experiments. To accommodate all these issues, several changes are being implemented into the course in an effort to allow students to identify the role of the neuronal controls for parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate, and to understand better how they work in concert. A new project (construction of a …

Exercise Alters Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Gdnf) Protein Content In The Spinal Cord, Monica Janine Mccullough

Dissertations

Neurotrophic factors may play a role in exercise-induced neuroprotective effects; however, it is not known if exercise mediates changes in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein levels in the spinal cord. The aim of the studies described herein was to determine if exercise alters GDNF protein expression in the lumbar spinal cord of healthy and diseased animals. The lumbar spinal cord was analyzed from adult rats aged 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months, and from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice and wild-type mice aged 3 months. Animals had undergone either forced wheel running, voluntary wheel running or swimming for …

Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein., Matthew Marunde, Dilini Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven Hand, Michael Menze

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Mechanisms that govern anhydrobiosis involve the accumulation of highly hydrophilic macromolecules, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Group 1 LEA proteins comprised of 181 (AfLEA1.1) and 197 (AfLEA1.3) amino acids were cloned from embryos of Artemia franciscana and expressed in Drosophila melanogaster cells (Kc167). Confocal microscopy revealed a construct composed of green fluorescence protein (GFP) and AfLEA1.3 accumulates in the mitochondria (AfLEA1.3-GFP), while AfLEA1.1-GFP was found in the cytoplasm. In the presence of mixed substrates, oxygen consumption was statistically identical for permeabilized Kc167 control and Kc167-AfLEA1.3 cells. Acute titrations of permeabilized cells with NaCl up to 500 mM led …

Program, Population Change And Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster

Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Conferences

No abstract provided.

Derivation Of Multivariate Syndromic Outcome Metrics For Consistent Testing Across Multiple Models Of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury In Rats, Adam R. Ferguson, Karen-Amanda Irvine, John C. Gensel, Jessica L. Nielson, Amity Lin, Johnathan Ly, Mark R. Segal, Rajiv R. Ratan, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Michael S. Beattie

Physiology Faculty Publications

Spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurological disorders involve complex biological and functional changes. Well-characterized preclinical models provide a powerful tool for understanding mechanisms of disease; however managing information produced by experimental models represents a significant challenge for translating findings across research projects and presents a substantial hurdle for translation of novel therapies to humans. In the present work we demonstrate a novel 'syndromic' information-processing approach for capitalizing on heterogeneous data from diverse preclinical models of SCI to discover translational outcomes for therapeutic testing. We first built a large, detailed repository of preclinical outcome data from 10 years of basic …

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness And Proprioception, J. Rupp, E. Payton, S.O. Henry

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

J. Rupp, E. Payton, & S. O. Henry

Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR

Although some effects of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) are well documented, the impact of DOMS on proprioception – awareness of body and limb position in space and time has not yet been investigated. Delayed onset muscle soreness may affect neuromuscular sensory receptors and neural pathways due to microtears in the muscle, which could reduce proprioceptive abilities. PURPOSE: Investigate effects of DOMS on three selected measures of proprioception. METHODS: Using digital inclinometers, and data acquisition system; proprioception was assessed by participants’ (n = 19) ability to …

How Does The Effect Of Cholesterol Vary Between The Inner And Outer Membrane?, Dr. John Bell

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This proposal was designed to use fluorescence spectroscopy to identify in as much detail as possible physical properties of model membranes in effort to understand roles of cholesterol in biological membranes. The following questions were addressed: how does the effect of cholesterol differ between the inner and outer faces of the cell membrane; can fluorescence spectroscopy distinguish between homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures of membrane components; and what is the biophysical mechanism associated with one of the fluorescent probes used (merocyanine 540)? These questions were addressed with three specific aims. All three aims have been accomplished. One paper was published during …

Role Of Amp Kinase In The Regulation Of Cortisol Release From The Adrenal Gland, Dr. Allan M. Judd

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Throughout the three years the funding of this proposal was utilized , I (Dr. Judd) have weekly laboratory meetings and journal clubs for undergraduate and graduate students in the laboratory. At the journal club, recently published articles related to their research projects are presented by the students and the hypothesis, techniques, data, and conclusions of each of the manuscripts discussed. I also interact with these students to help them plan their presentation and lead the discussion of the manuscript at the end of the presentation. The articles that are chosen for discussion are generally published in “Endocrinology” , the premiere …

Teaching Physiology Online: Successful Use Of Case Studies In A Graduate Course, Giovanni Casotti, John T. Beneski, Maureen T. Knabb

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Excitatory Amino Acids Display Compartmental Disparity Between Plasma And Synovial Fluid In Clinical Arthropathies, Terry A. Mcnearney, Karin N. Westlund

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated elevated levels of excitatory amino acids (EAA) glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with active arthritis. The source of SF EAA concentrations are thought in large part to be secondary to passive diffusion from the plasma across synovial membranes and less so, reflective of local synovial pathology.

OBJECTIVE: This descriptive report assesses the hypothesis that the SF EAA levels reflect inflammatory processes of the joint and are not dependent on plasma levels.

METHODS: Simultaneously drawn plasma and SF samples were obtained from 14 recently deceased cadavers and 10 patients …

Leg Dominance And Its Affect On Variables Related To Leap Performance, Daniella N. Rodriguez, Scott P. Mclean, Ph.D., Jimmy C. Smith, Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: To achieve the desired aesthetics of leaping in dance it is necessary that these movements are performed equally well from either leg. However, these leaps may naturally be better performed from the dominant leg than the non-dominant leg. A lack of relevant experimental evidence precludes an assessment of this idea. PURPOSE: To determine whether a dancer executes a leap from her dominant leg better than from her non-dominant leg. METHODS: Ten experienced college aged dancers, (20 ± 1.0 yr, 62.3 ± 8.3 kg, 1.67 ± 0.1 m), performed six trials of a stationary leap off of a force plate. …

The Effect Of Cardiovascular Drift On The Efficacy Of Exercise Prescription, Katherine G. Forester, Jimmy Smith, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract –

The Effect of Cardiovascular Drift on the Efficacy of Exercise Prescription

KATHERINE FORESTER, JIMMY SMITH, Ph.D., and SCOTT MCLEAN, Ph.D.

Kinesiology; Southwestern University; Georgetown, TX

Category: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT

Due to the difficulty in measuring metabolic cost in the field, heart rate (HR) is often used to prescribe exercise intensity. Purpose: To examine the effect of cardiovascular drift (CV_drift) on the efficacy of exercise prescription (ExRx). Methods: Eight women with a mean (sd) age 21.6(2.0) years, body mass 70.9(11.0) kg, height 163.7(6.0) cm, and VO₂max of 33.7(4.2) mL/kg/min, each performed two cycling trials for …

Use Of Non-Surgical Mechanical Splinting For Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Abi Ramirez, Buck Willis, Howard Hoffberg

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Compress of the median nerve causes severe pain and paresthesia in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Over 2,000,000 Americans suffer from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, making it the most common peripheral neuropathology affecting the U.S. Continual compression over time degrades the median nerve that brings sensation of movement and feeling for the wrist. The purpose of this study was to compare change in symptoms of CTS after use of a non-surgical dynamic splinting device. Methods: A retrospective analysis was accomplished for patients diagnosed with CTS who were treated with prolonged passive stretching in dynamic splinting for this pathology (N=304). The Levine Katz …

Preliminary Data Regarding How Wheelchair Axle Position Effects The Energy Cost Of Assistants Pushing Wheelchairs Designed For Low-Resource Settings., Matthew K. Sturm, Josh Vanleer, Nathan Lowe, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A study at Letourneau University was performed to compare the energy cost of pushing wheelchairs with differing axle positions in relation to the occupant’s center of gravity (COG). In less-resourced areas of the world, powered wheelchairs are rarely feasible, requiring an assistant to push the chair. Often these assistants themselves are disabled, making any means of minimizing energy cost imperative. Research has indicated that as the rear axle comes closer to the COG, the energy cost of self-propelling the chair decreases. We hypothesized that able-bodied assistants pushing wheelchairs could provide valuable insight into the effect of axle position on energy …

Resistance Exercise During Hindlimb Unloading In Rats Mitigates Disuse-Induced Bone Loss, Michael M. Hedges

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Disuse-related bone loss affects various populations of individuals including astronauts, bedridden patients, those with spinal cord injuries, and, to not as drastic a degree, the increasing population living sedentary lifestyles. The lack of mechanical stimulation on bones can lead to bone loss and an increased risk of low bone mass, osteoporosis, and fractures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of resistance exercise on bone during a period of disuse in skeletally mature rodents.

Male rats were placed into three different groups, hindlimb unloading, (HU), hindlimb unloading with resistance training (HU+RE), and cage control (CC), for …

Predicting Rowing Performance In Male And Female Collegiate Rowers Using Selected Measures Of Lower Body Power And Lower Leg Passive Stiffness, Laura L. Castleberry

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lower body power (LBP) is an important variable in rowing performance. Possible indices of LBP in rowing are squat jump (SJ), vertical jump (VJ), and passive ankle dorsiflexion (PAD). This study examines the relationship of selected indices of LBPfor male and female rowers with the athlete’s respective coaches’ rating (CR) of rowing performance. Six male and female collegiate rowers(age=20±2yrs, height=73.9±2.3in, weight=182±23lbs; and age=20±1yrs, height=67±3in, weight=152±25lbs, respectively) volunteered for the study. Proceedingthe assessment session, a standardized warm up on a cycle-ergometer and low volume/intensity battery of jumps were performed. Order of assessment: SJ, VJ, and right (RDF) and left (LDF) PAD. …

The Acute Effects Of Hatha Yoga On Psychological And Physiological Measures Associated With Stress, Lyndsey Resnik

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Acute Effects of Hatha Yoga on Psychological and Physiological Measures Associated with Stress

LYNDSEY RESNIK, SCOTT P MCLEAN, Ph.D., JIMMY SMITH, Ph.D.

Kinesiology Department; Southwestern University; Georgetown, TX

Category: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Hatha yoga practices induce relaxation and have been used to alleviate stress-induced disorders such as insomnia, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of the present study is to measure the acute effects of Hatha yoga on psychological and physiological measures associated with stress. Methods: Twenty healthy male and female volunteers (20.8±1.0 yrs, 171.8±6.9 cm, 67.2±15.9 kg) participated in this study. Each participant completed a 43-minute session of Hatha …

The Effect Of Skill Level On The Mechanics Of A Golf Chip Shot, James Charles, Dr. Jimmy Smith, Dr. Scott Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: It is popularly believed that maintaining more weight on the front foot and reducing wrist action on the downswing are characteristics of a successful golf chip shot. Therefore, experienced golfers should utilize these strategies more than inexperienced golfers when performing this shot. PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of skill level on weight shift and wrist action in a golf chip shot. METHODS: Fourteen golfers (23.4 ± 5.81 yr, 1.77 ± .073 m, 72.1 ± 10.4 kg), seven inexperienced (little to no training in chipping) and seven experienced (at least 8 years of training), completed three chip shots each. Trials …

Effects Of A Triphasic Block Method On Power In Collegiate Basketball Players, Jason L. Russell, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Implementing a non-traditional method for a training cycle may serve as an alternative means of developing maximal strength and power. Seven male Division I intercollegiate basketball players (age=21.0±0.63 yrs, ht=191.86±7.24cm, wt=94.8±14.9kg, training experience = 2.2 ± 1.3 yrs) who recently completed a 5-month competitive season were recruited for this study. The testing took place during the off-season, when the players were not involved in NCAA competition. Subjects underwent a three-week preparation phase, followed by a pre-test vertical jump (CMJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), and back squat 1-repetition max (1RM). Prior to all testing sessions, the participants participated in a dynamic …

The Effects Of Gender And Health Related Fitness Components On Body Mass Index, Body Fat And Blood Pressure In Kinesiology Students, Jamie M. Cvikel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many Americans do not meet the minimum standards of physical activity required to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of poor health related fitness outcomes among college age kinesiology majors.

METHODS: Health related fitness (HRF) measurements were taken on 93 undergraduate Tarleton kinesiology majors. These measures included body composition, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory endurance (1.5 mile time), flexibility (sit-n-reach), and muscular strength and endurance. One and half mile run, sit ups, bench press, leg press, and the sit and reach were administered and ranked according to ACSM Guidelines (8^{th …}

Relationship Between One Repetition Maximum Strength And Peak Power Output For The Free-Weight Bench Press Exercise, Ibrahim K. Munayer, Matt S. Stock, Micheal J. Luera, Jocarol E. Shields

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Strength and conditioning coaches are often interested in improving power output in their athletes. As many coaches are aware that power is the product of force and velocity, an emphasis is often placed on training with loads that correspond to peak mechanical power output (e.g., 30-50% of the one repetition maximum [1RM]). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between 1RM strength and peak power output during the free-weight bench press exercise. Twenty-one healthy, recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age = 24 ± 3 years; body mass = 90.5 ± 14.6 kg; 1RM bench press = …

Effects Of Diverting Activities On Recovery From Repeated Maximum Voluntary Contractions, Micheal J. Luera, Matt S. Stock, Jocarol E. Shields, Ibrahim K. Munayer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous investigations have demonstrated that diverting activities (e.g., contralateral exercise and pinching one’s fingers together) can minimize the severity of muscle fatigue that occurs during exercise. In addition to their ability to resist fatigue during exercise, diverting activities may help subjects recover between work bouts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mental and physical diverting activities on recovery from fatiguing isometric muscle actions. On three separate occasions, twelve men (mean ± SD age = 22 ± 1 years) and nine women (age = 22 ± 2 years) performed ten repeated, ten-second isometric maximum voluntary contractions …

Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, And Myoglobin Responses Following Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests Versus Barbell Back Squats: A Pilot Study, Jocarol E. Shields, Matt S. Stock, Micheal J. Luera, Ibrahim K. Munayer, John C. Young

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The results from many previous studies have demonstrated that muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness are due primarily to high force, eccentric muscle actions. However, the majority of investigators have examined these responses following single-joint, isokinetic assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin responses following repeated Wingate anaerobic tests versus multiple sets of the barbell back squat exercise. Six recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass = 88.0 ± 17.8 kg, one repetition-maximum [1RM] back squat = 150.0 ± 28.3 kg) volunteered …

Functional Movement Screentm Scores In Collegiate Track And Field Athletes In Relation To Injury Risk And Performance, Ronald G. Budnar Jr, Robert Birdwell, Christopher Moody, David W. Hill, Anthony A. Duplanty, Allen W. Jackson, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Functional Movement Screen^tm (FMS) scores, injury rate, and performance in collegiate track and field athletes. Methods: Forty seven male (n=17) and female (n=30) competitive track and field athletes at an NCAA Division I university volunteered for this study. As part of their regular team assessment, the athletes were evaluated on three separate occasions using the FMS tool: in August, one week prior to the start of university organized practice for the fall (T1); in December, one week prior to the end of the fall academic semester (T2); …

The Effect Of Prophylactic Knee Braces On Balance And Uninjured Knee Range Of Motion, Alexis P. Schmidt, Christopher M. Hearon, Michael Daniel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There has been numerous studies performed regarding the effectiveness of prophylactic knee braces (PKB) preventing knee injuries or the effect of PKB on injured knees, but minimal research is available on the effect of how PKB affect the functioning capacity of uninjured knees. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of two different types of PKB, hinged (HGB) and non-hinged (NHB), on uninjured preferred knee joint range of motion and dynamic balance in males and females. METHODS: Thirty subjects were recruited (male=15, female=15) with ages ranging from 18-28 years. Only participants with no history of any knee injuries or current knee problems …

Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Asian American Students Using Asian Specific Criteria To Determine Weight Classification, Jennette P. Moreno, Craig A. Johnston, Sarah Aimadeddine, Deborah L. Whoeler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individuals of Asian descent have been found to be at greater risk of developing conditions associated with obesity at lower BMI levels compared to other ethnic groups. As a result, new criteria have been developed to identify overweight and obesity in Asian populations. The purpose of the current study was to assess the percentage of Asian children who may be at risk for health conditions associated with obesity, but are currently overlooked when standard criteria are used to determine weight classification. Data from a larger study examining the weight status of elementary students were analyzed. Participants included 585 Asian (47% …

Effects Of Human Apolipoprotein E3 And E4 Genotypes On Cardiometabolic Disease Risk, Alissa A. Yoder, Joshua S. Wooten, Ken A. Witt, Guim Kwon, Karin Sandoval, Christopher M. Orris, Justin J. Stout

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms have specific effects on the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but data is limited on the effects of these genotypes for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related cardiometabolic alterations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of human apoE3 and E4 genotypes on risk factors for T2DM and cardiac metabolism. Cardiac tissue from human apoE3 (n=8) and E4 (n=8) knock-in (KI) mice were compared to lean (n=11) and diet-induced obese (n=12) B6D2F1 mice to characterize the cardiac metabolic activity of AMPK, as well as for lipid and glycogen levels. …