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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 2094

Full-Text Articles in Toxicology

Physicochemical Properties And Anticoagulant Activity Of Polyphenols Derived From Lachnum Singerianum, S. Zong, J. Ji, J. Li, Q.-H. Yang, M. Ye Jul 2020

Physicochemical Properties And Anticoagulant Activity Of Polyphenols Derived From Lachnum Singerianum, S. Zong, J. Ji, J. Li, Q.-H. Yang, M. Ye

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, polyphenols (LSP) were obtained from the fermentation broth of Lachnum singerianum. Two fractions were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic column, and the primary fraction (LSP-1) was collected. The comprehensive physicochemical properties of phenolic acids and polyhydroxy phenolic compounds of LSP-1 were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results of anticoagulant activity assay in vitro showed that LSP-1 could lengthen prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time of mouse plasma. In addition, anticoagulant activity results in vivo showed that high dose of LSP-1 could significantly prolong bleeding time, coagulation time, …

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Comparative Effect Of Horse Gram And Black Gram On Inflammatory Mediators And Antioxidant Status, V. Rajagopal, C.K. Pushpan, H. Antony Jul 2020

Comparative Effect Of Horse Gram And Black Gram On Inflammatory Mediators And Antioxidant Status, V. Rajagopal, C.K. Pushpan, H. Antony

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A balanced diet is important for the overall wellbeing of an individual. Pulses are an important part of a nutritive diet. Pulses have been consumed for at least 10,000 years and are among the most extensively used foods in the world. They are a rich source of protein and fiber, as well as a significant source of vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, and magnesium. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two pulses, horse gram and black gram, on inflammatory mediators and the antioxidant enzymes. Two sets of experiments were conducted in rats which …

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Analysis Of Bioactive Constituents From The Leaves Of Amorpha Fruticosa L., X. Cui, J. Guo, C.-S. Lai, M.-H. Pan, Z. Ma, S. Guo, Q. Liu, L. Zhang, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai Jul 2020

Analysis Of Bioactive Constituents From The Leaves Of Amorpha Fruticosa L., X. Cui, J. Guo, C.-S. Lai, M.-H. Pan, Z. Ma, S. Guo, Q. Liu, L. Zhang, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Amorpha fruticosa L. is a Chinese folk medicine and rich in polyphenols. Fifteen known compounds were isolated and identified from the leaves of A. fruticosa L. They are tephrosin (1), 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin (2), vitexin (3), afrormosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 2″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl isovitexin (5), rutin (6), chrysoeriol (7), 7-O-methylluteolin (8), trans-p-coumaric acid (9), 2-benzyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), formononetin (11), quercetin (12), apigenin (13), β-sitosterol (14), and β-daucosterol (15). Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 7–9 were isolated from A. fruticosa L. for the first time. Cytotoxicity of individual compounds 3–10 and 90% ethanol extract against human cancer cell lines HCT116 and HepG2 were reported. The results suggested …

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Exploration Of Ethyl Anthranilate-Loaded Monolithic Matrix-Type Prophylactic Polymeric Patch, J. Islam, K. Zaman, S. Chakrabarti, N.S. Bora, M.P. Pathak, S. Mandal, J.A. Junejo, P. Chattopadhyay Jul 2020

Exploration Of Ethyl Anthranilate-Loaded Monolithic Matrix-Type Prophylactic Polymeric Patch, J. Islam, K. Zaman, S. Chakrabarti, N.S. Bora, M.P. Pathak, S. Mandal, J.A. Junejo, P. Chattopadhyay

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Compromised stability of pharmaceutical formulations loaded with volatiles is a serious problem associated with devices designed to deliver volatile compounds. The present study has been focused to evaluate the stability potential of matrix-type polymeric patches composed of volatile ethyl anthranilate for prophylaxis against vector-borne diseases. Ethyl anthranilate-loaded matrix-type polymeric patches were fabricated by solvent evaporation method on an impermeable backing membrane and attached to temporary release liners. Stability testing of the polymeric patches was performed as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for 6 months under accelerated conditions. In addition, the quantification of residual solvents was also performed …

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Regulatory Efficacy Of Fermented Plant Extract On The Intestinal Microflora And Lipid Profile In Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Individuals, H.-F. Chiu, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Y. Lu, Y.-C. Han, Y.-C. Shen, K. Venkatakrishnan, C.-K. Wang Jul 2020

Regulatory Efficacy Of Fermented Plant Extract On The Intestinal Microflora And Lipid Profile In Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Individuals, H.-F. Chiu, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Y. Lu, Y.-C. Han, Y.-C. Shen, K. Venkatakrishnan, C.-K. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent years, the use of fermented plant products to protect against various metabolic syndromes has been increasing enormously. The objective of this study was to check the regulatory efficacy of fermented plant extract (FPE) on intestinal microflora, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Forty-four mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals (cholesterol 180–220 mg/dL) were recruited and assigned to two groups: experimental or placebo. Volunteers were requested to drink either 60 mL of FPE or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were done in the initial, 4th, 8th, and 10th weeks. The anthropometric parameters such as body weight, body fat, …

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Antihemolytic And Antioxidant Properties Of Pearl Powder Against 2,2′-Azobis(2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride-Induced Hemolysis And Oxidative Damage To Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids And Proteins, H.-L. Yang, M. Korivi, M.-K. Lin, H.C.-W. Chang, C.-R. Wu, M.-S. Lee, W.T.-L. Chen, Y.-C. Hseu Jul 2020

Antihemolytic And Antioxidant Properties Of Pearl Powder Against 2,2′-Azobis(2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride-Induced Hemolysis And Oxidative Damage To Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids And Proteins, H.-L. Yang, M. Korivi, M.-K. Lin, H.C.-W. Chang, C.-R. Wu, M.-S. Lee, W.T.-L. Chen, Y.-C. Hseu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pearl powder, a well-known traditional mineral medicine, is reported to be used for well-being and to treat several diseases from centuries in Taiwan and China. We investigated the in vitro antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of pearl powder that could protect erythrocytes against 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage to membrane proteins/lipids. Human erythrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of pearl powder (50–200 μg/mL) for 30 minutes and then exposed to AAPH for 2–6 hours. We found that AAPH alone time dependently increased the oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes, while pearl powder pretreatment substantially inhibited the hemolysis in a concentration-/time-dependent manner. AAPH-induced oxidative …

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The Stimulating Effects Of Polyphenol And Protein Fractions From Jelly Fig (Ficus Awkeotsang Makino) Achenes Against Proliferation Of Leukemia Cells, Y.-Z. Shih, A.-J. Huang, C.-Y. Hou, C.-M. Jiang, M.-C. Wu Jul 2020

The Stimulating Effects Of Polyphenol And Protein Fractions From Jelly Fig (Ficus Awkeotsang Makino) Achenes Against Proliferation Of Leukemia Cells, Y.-Z. Shih, A.-J. Huang, C.-Y. Hou, C.-M. Jiang, M.-C. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study aimed to investigate the direct and immune-stimulated antiproliferative activities of jelly fig achenes fractions including pectinesterase inhibitors, crude polyphenols extract, and purified polyphenols extract (PP). Beside the measurement of cell viability of U937, the quantity of cytokines in conditioned medium and morphologic changes in leukemia were observed. After surveying all fractions in jelly fig, the obtained fractions of polyphenol exhibited the highest stimulating effects and directly cytotoxic effects against leukemia with the lowest effect found in protein fractions. The leukemia treated by our PP fraction showed dose-dependent response between the concentration and G2/M cell numbers of the U937 …

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Rapid Determination Of Capsaicinoids By Colorimetric Method, W.-K. Ryu, H.-W. Kim, G.-D. Kim, H.-I. Rhee Jul 2020

Rapid Determination Of Capsaicinoids By Colorimetric Method, W.-K. Ryu, H.-W. Kim, G.-D. Kim, H.-I. Rhee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Capsaicinoids, the pungent component of chili peppers, are generally analyzed by precise analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but these are not practical for the mass analyses of samples. To analyze mass samples rapidly, a colorimetric method was suggested. In this work, pigments and capsaicinoids were efficiently separated from chili pepper extract by sequential solid–liquid extraction and liquid–liquid extraction in test tubes followed by a colorimetric analysis on the capsaicinoids by a selective chromogenic reaction with Gibbs reagent (2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide). In the comparison of the capsaicinoid content by the colorimetric method and HPLC using acetone extracts …

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Morphological And Chemical Analyses Of Eriocauli Flos Sold In Taiwan Markets, I.-J. Lee, C.-P. Chung, S.-J. Chang, Y.-L. Lin Jul 2020

Morphological And Chemical Analyses Of Eriocauli Flos Sold In Taiwan Markets, I.-J. Lee, C.-P. Chung, S.-J. Chang, Y.-L. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Eriocauli Flos (Gujingcao; EF), the dried capitulum with the peduncle of Eriocaulon buergerianum Koern. (Eriocaulaceae), is a Chinese herbal medicine for treating eye diseases and inflammation. However, several species of the Eriocaulon genus are used as substitutes in different areas. To examine the species of EF used in Taiwan and to establish the quality control platform, morphological and chemical analyses have been performed. Ten major compounds, including apigenin (7) and its 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 7-O-(6-O-E-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), hispidulin (8) and its 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 7-O-(6-O-E-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), jaceosidin (9) and its 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and toralactone (10) and its 9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated …

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The Effect Of Vacuum Packaging On Histamine Changes Of Milkfish Sticks At Various Storage Temperatures, H.-F. Kung, Y.-C. Lee, C.-W. Lin, Y.-R. Huang, C.-A. Cheng, C.-M. Lin, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

The Effect Of Vacuum Packaging On Histamine Changes Of Milkfish Sticks At Various Storage Temperatures, H.-F. Kung, Y.-C. Lee, C.-W. Lin, Y.-R. Huang, C.-A. Cheng, C.-M. Lin, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effects of polyethylene packaging (PEP) (in air) and vacuum packaging (VP) on the histamine related quality of milkfish sticks stored at different temperatures (−20°C, 4°C, 15°C, and 25°C) were studied. The results showed that the aerobic plate count (APC), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and histamine contents increased as storage time increased when the PEP and VP samples were stored at 25°C. At below 15°C, the APC, TVBN, pH, and histamine levels in PEP and VP samples were retarded, but the VP samples had considerably lower levels of APC, TVBN, and histamine than PEP samples. Once the frozen …

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The Regulatory Effects Of Fish Oil And Chitosan On Hepatic Lipogenic Signals In High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats, C.-Y. Chiu, T.-C. Chang, S.-H. Liu, M.-T. Chiang Jul 2020

The Regulatory Effects Of Fish Oil And Chitosan On Hepatic Lipogenic Signals In High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats, C.-Y. Chiu, T.-C. Chang, S.-H. Liu, M.-T. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The present study investigated the regulatory effects of fish oil and chitosan on the signals of hepatic lipid metabolism and the postulated mechanism in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Diet supplementation of chitosan and fish oil efficiently suppressed the increased weights in body and livers of high-fat diet-fed rats. Supplementation of chitosan and fish oil significantly decreased the activities of hepatic lipid biosynthesis-related enzymes and efficiently regulated plasma lipoprotein homeostasis. Both chitosan and fish oil significantly ameliorated the alterations in the protein expressions of hepatic lipogenic transcription factors (LXRα and PPARα), and could also significantly regulate the downstream hepatic lipogenic genes …

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Qualitative And Quantitative Characterization Of Secondary Metabolites And Carbohydrates In Bai-Hu-Tang Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Photodiode Array Detector, W.-F. Zhong, W.-S. Tong, S.-S. Zhou, K.-M. Yip, S.-L. Li, Z.-Z. Zhao, J. Xu, H.-B. Chen Jul 2020

Qualitative And Quantitative Characterization Of Secondary Metabolites And Carbohydrates In Bai-Hu-Tang Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Photodiode Array Detector, W.-F. Zhong, W.-S. Tong, S.-S. Zhou, K.-M. Yip, S.-L. Li, Z.-Z. Zhao, J. Xu, H.-B. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used for clearing heat and promoting body fluid, consists of four traditional Chinese medicines, i.e., Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhigancao), and nonglutinous rice (Jingmi). The chemical composition of BHT still remains largely elusive thus far. To qualitatively and quantitatively characterize secondary metabolites and carbohydrates in BHT, here a combination of analytical approaches using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector was developed and validated. A total of 42 secondary metabolites in …

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Red Algae (Gelidium Amansii) Hot-Water Extract Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism In Hamsters Fed A High-Fat Diet, T.-H. Yang, H.-T. Yao, M.-T. Chiang Jul 2020

Red Algae (Gelidium Amansii) Hot-Water Extract Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism In Hamsters Fed A High-Fat Diet, T.-H. Yang, H.-T. Yao, M.-T. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gelidium amansii (GA) hot-water extracts (GHE) on lipid metabolism in hamsters. Six-week-old male Syrian hamsters were used as the experimental animals. Hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) control diet group (CON); (2) high-fat diet group (HF); (3) HF with GHE diet group (HF + GHE); (4) HF with probucol diet group (HF + PO). All groups were fed the experimental diets and drinking water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The results showed that GHE significantly decreased body weight, liver weight, and adipose tissue (perirenal and paraepididymal) weight. The …

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Application Of Novel Ni(Ii) Complex And Zro2 Nanoparticle As Mediators For Electrocatalytic Determination Of N-Acetylcysteine In Drug Samples, H. Karimi-Maleh, M. Salehi, F. Faghani Jul 2020

Application Of Novel Ni(Ii) Complex And Zro2 Nanoparticle As Mediators For Electrocatalytic Determination Of N-Acetylcysteine In Drug Samples, H. Karimi-Maleh, M. Salehi, F. Faghani

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The electrooxidation of N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) was studied by a novel Ni(II) complex modified ZrO2 nanoparticle carbon paste electrode [Ni(II)/ZrO2/NPs/CPE] using voltammetric methods. The results showed that Ni(II)/ZrO2/NPs/CPE had high electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of N-AC in aqueous buffer solution (pH = 7.0). The electrocatalytic oxidation peak currents increase linearly with N-AC concentrations over the concentration ranges of 0.05–600μM using square wave voltammetric methods. The detection limit for N-AC was equal to 0.009μM. The catalytic reaction rate constant, kh, was calculated (7.01 × 102 M−1 s−1) using the chronoamperometry method. Finally, Ni(II)/ZrO2/NPs/CPE was also examined as an ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor …

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Enhanced Active Extracellular Polysaccharide Production From Ganoderma Formosanum Using Computational Modeling, K.-D. Hsu, S.-P. Wu, S.-P. Lin, C.-C. Lum, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

Enhanced Active Extracellular Polysaccharide Production From Ganoderma Formosanum Using Computational Modeling, K.-D. Hsu, S.-P. Wu, S.-P. Lin, C.-C. Lum, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor–three-level Box–Behnken design. Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted …

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Quality Assessment Of Trace Cd And Pb Contaminants In Thai Herbal Medicines Using Ultrasound-Assisted Digestion Prior To Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, W. Siriangkhawut, P. Sittichan, K. Ponhong, P. Chantiratikul Jul 2020

Quality Assessment Of Trace Cd And Pb Contaminants In Thai Herbal Medicines Using Ultrasound-Assisted Digestion Prior To Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, W. Siriangkhawut, P. Sittichan, K. Ponhong, P. Chantiratikul

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple, efficient, and reliable ultrasound-assisted digestion (UAD) procedure was used for sample preparation prior to quantitative determination of trace Cd and Pb contaminants in herbal medicines using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The parameters influencing UAD such as the solvent system, sample mass, presonication time, sonication time, and digestion temperature were evaluated. The efficiency of the proposed UAD procedure was evaluated by comparing with conventional acid digestion (CAD) procedure. Under the optimum conditions, linear calibration graphs in a range of 2–250 μg/L for Cd, and 50–1000 μg/L for Pb were obtained with detection limits of 0.56 μg/L and 10.7 μg/L …

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Phosphorylation And Antiaging Activity Of Polysaccharide From Trichosanthes Peel, M. Zhang, N. Su, Q. Huang, Q. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Li, M. Ye Jul 2020

Phosphorylation And Antiaging Activity Of Polysaccharide From Trichosanthes Peel, M. Zhang, N. Su, Q. Huang, Q. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Li, M. Ye

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Polysaccharides from Trichosanthes peel (TPP) were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. TPP-1 was separated from the TPP by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Phosphorylation of TPP-1 was carried out and phosphorylated TPP-1 was named as PTTP-1. The results of infrared spectra, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the main structure of PTPP-1 was similar to that of TPP-1 and -H2PO3 groups which were conjugated to C-6 of →4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, C-4 of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, C-2 and C-3 of →1)-α-L-Araf, C-2 of →1)-α-L-Araf-(3→, and C-6 and C-3 of →1)-α-D-Glcp. In vivo antiaging activity results proved that TTP-1 and PTTP-1 …

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Dunaliella Salina Alga Extract Inhibits The Production Of Interleukin-6, Nitric Oxide, And Reactive Oxygen Species By Regulating Nuclear Factor-Κb/Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription In Virus-Infected Raw264.7 Cells, H.-W. Lin, C.-W. Liu, D.-J. Yang, C.-C. Chen, S.-Y. Chen, J.-K. Tseng, T.-J. Chang, Y.-Y. Chang Jul 2020

Dunaliella Salina Alga Extract Inhibits The Production Of Interleukin-6, Nitric Oxide, And Reactive Oxygen Species By Regulating Nuclear Factor-Κb/Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription In Virus-Infected Raw264.7 Cells, H.-W. Lin, C.-W. Liu, D.-J. Yang, C.-C. Chen, S.-Y. Chen, J.-K. Tseng, T.-J. Chang, Y.-Y. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Recent investigations have demonstrated that carotenoid extract of Dunaliella salina alga (Alga) contains abundant β-carotene and has good anti-inflammatory activities. Murine macrophage (RAW264.7 cells) was used to establish as an in vitro model of pseudorabies virus-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. In this study, antioxidant activities of Alga were measured based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays, reducing power, and virus-induced ROS formation in RAW264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory activities of Alga were assessed by its ability to inhibit the production of interleukin-6 and nitric oxide (NO) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, then the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator …

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Determination Of Underivatized Amino Acids To Evaluate Quality Of Beer By Capillary Electrophoresis With Online Sweeping Technique, T. Luo, J. Ke, Y. Xie, Y. Dong Jul 2020

Determination Of Underivatized Amino Acids To Evaluate Quality Of Beer By Capillary Electrophoresis With Online Sweeping Technique, T. Luo, J. Ke, Y. Xie, Y. Dong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet detection was applied to determine underivatized amino acids in beer, based on the coordination interaction of copper ions and amino acids. An online sweeping technique was combined with CE to improve detection sensitivity. Using the United Nations Food Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization model of essential amino acid pattern and flavor of amino acids, the quality and taste in three kinds of beer were evaluated. It was found that Beer2 had higher quality than the other two kinds and the content of phenylalanine, proline, serine, and isoleucine was relatively large in all three kinds of beers …

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The Impact Of Gallic Acid On The Methotrexate-Induced Kidney Damage In Rats, H. Asci, O. Ozmen, H.Y. Ellidag, B. Aydin, E. Bas, N. Yilmaz Jul 2020

The Impact Of Gallic Acid On The Methotrexate-Induced Kidney Damage In Rats, H. Asci, O. Ozmen, H.Y. Ellidag, B. Aydin, E. Bas, N. Yilmaz

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Prolonged use of an antineoplastic agent methotrexate (MTX), can cause numerous side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MTX on kidneys and demonstrate the protective effects of gallic acid (GA). Twenty-four, male, rats distributed into three groups. Each groups consisted eight rats and only saline was administered to the control group. The MTX group received a single dose (20 mg/kg) MTX intraperitoneally. The MTX + GA group received same dose MTX and 100 mg/kg GA orally during the 7 days. Renal functions, oxidative stress markers, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were evaluated …

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Identification Of Cow Milk In Goat Milk By Nonlinear Chemical Fingerprint Technique, Y.-J. Ma, W.-B. Dong, C. Fan, E.-D. Wang Jul 2020

Identification Of Cow Milk In Goat Milk By Nonlinear Chemical Fingerprint Technique, Y.-J. Ma, W.-B. Dong, C. Fan, E.-D. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of this paper was to develop a nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique for identifying and detecting adulteration of goat milk with cow milk. In this study, by taking the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction using acetone and substrates in goat milk or cow milk as main dissipative substances, when the same dosage of goat milk and cow milk was introduced to the “H+ + Mn2+ + BrO3− + acetone” oscillating system respectively, nonlinear chemical fingerprints were obtained for goat milk and cow milk from the same origin. The results showed that inductive time value and the content of cow milk …

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Anti-Oxidant Activity And Major Chemical Component Analyses Of Twenty-Six Commercially Available Essential Oils, H.-F. Wang, K.-H. Yih, C.-H. Yang, K.-F. Huang Jul 2020

Anti-Oxidant Activity And Major Chemical Component Analyses Of Twenty-Six Commercially Available Essential Oils, H.-F. Wang, K.-H. Yih, C.-H. Yang, K.-F. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study analyzed 26 commercially available essential oils and their major chemical components to determine their antioxidant activity levels by measuring their total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power (RP), β-carotene bleaching (BCB) activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DFRS) ability. The clove bud and thyme borneol essential oils had the highest RP, BCB activity levels, and TPC values among the 26 commercial essential oils. Furthermore, of the 26 essential oils, the clove bud and ylang ylang complete essential oils had the highest TEAC values, and the clove bud and jasmine absolute essential oils had the …

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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu Jul 2020

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

There are 660 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides present in the plants, with approximately half being possible carcinogens. We previously reported that a set of four PA-derived DNA adducts is formed in the liver of rats administered a series of hepatocarcinogenic PAs and a PA N-oxide. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that this set of DNA adducts is a common biological biomarker of PA-induced liver tumor formation. In this study, we determined that rat liver microsomal metabolism of five hepatocarcinogenic PAs (lasiocarpine, retrorsine, riddelliine, monocrotaline, and heliotrine) and their corresponding PA N-oxides produced the same set of DNA …

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Effects Of Electrolysis Time And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, Y.-F. Lu, S.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

Effects Of Electrolysis Time And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, Y.-F. Lu, S.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrolysis time and electric potential on the chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water (DOW). DOW was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum–plated titanium anode and cathode. The results showed that chlorine concentration reached maximal level in the batch process. Prolonged electrolysis reduced chlorine concentration in the electrolyte and was detrimental to electrolysis efficiency, especially under high electric potential conditions. Therefore, the optimal choice of electrolysis time …

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Extraction And Quantification Of Polyphenols From Kinnow (Citrus Reticulate L.) Peel Using Ultrasound And Maceration Techniques, M.N. Safdar, T. Kausar, S. Jabbar, A. Mumtaz, K. Ahad, A.A. Saddozai Jul 2020

Extraction And Quantification Of Polyphenols From Kinnow (Citrus Reticulate L.) Peel Using Ultrasound And Maceration Techniques, M.N. Safdar, T. Kausar, S. Jabbar, A. Mumtaz, K. Ahad, A.A. Saddozai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An investigation was carried out to extract polyphenols from the peel of kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. The antioxidant potential of these polyphenols was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide radical scavenging assays; and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against bacterial strains Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest extraction yield was obtained through the solvent ethanol at 80% concentration level, whereas UAE was a more efficient technique and yielded comparatively higher polyphenol contents than maceration. Maximum polyphenols were extracted with 80% methanol [32.48 mg gallic acid …

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Extraction Optimization Of Gallic Acid, (+)-Catechin, Procyanidin-B2, (–)-Epicatechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, And (–)-Epicatechin Gallate: Their Simultaneous Identification And Quantification In Saraca Asoca, T. Dhanani, R. Singh, S. Kumar Jul 2020

Extraction Optimization Of Gallic Acid, (+)-Catechin, Procyanidin-B2, (–)-Epicatechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, And (–)-Epicatechin Gallate: Their Simultaneous Identification And Quantification In Saraca Asoca, T. Dhanani, R. Singh, S. Kumar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of the present investigation was to optimize extraction conditions for maximum recovery of bioactive phenolics from different parts of Saraca asoca. Extraction recovery was optimized using a mixture of methanol and water in different proportions. For identification and quantification of six analytes, a rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) photo diode array detection method was developed. UPLC separation was achieved in a gradient elution mode on a C18 column with acetonitrile and aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%, pH = 2.5). Extraction solvent for maximum recovery of analytes varied depending on the nature of matrices. The developed UPLC method …

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Time Course Effects Of Fermentation On Fatty Acid And Volatile Compound Profiles Of Cheonggukjang Using New Soybean Cultivars, K.M. Cho, H.-J. Lim, M.-S. Kim, D.S. Kim, C.E. Hwang, S.H. Nam, O.S. Joo, B.W. Lee, J.K. Kim, E.-C. Shin Jul 2020

Time Course Effects Of Fermentation On Fatty Acid And Volatile Compound Profiles Of Cheonggukjang Using New Soybean Cultivars, K.M. Cho, H.-J. Lim, M.-S. Kim, D.S. Kim, C.E. Hwang, S.H. Nam, O.S. Joo, B.W. Lee, J.K. Kim, E.-C. Shin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, we investigated the effects of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis CSY191 on the fatty acid profiles of Cheonggukjang, a fermented soybean paste, prepared using new Korean brown soybean cultivars, protein-rich cultivar (Saedanbaek), and oil-rich cultivar (Neulchan). Twelve fatty acids were identified in the sample set—myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, vaccenic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, gondoic, behenic, and lignoceric acids—yet, no specific changes driven by fermentation were noted in the fatty acid profiles. To further explore the effects of fermentation of B. subtilis CSY191, complete profiles of volatiles were monitored. In total, 121, 136, and 127 volatile compounds were …

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Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal Jul 2020

Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections has evolved in recent years, as this species is a major Gram-positive pathogen associated with healthcare services. The antimicrobial resistance of this species raises an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Fruits play important nutritional and economic roles in society, but their biological and pharmacological features are poorly explored when compared to nonedible parts of plants such as barks and leaves. In this study, we show that the cashew apple juice [cashew juice pulp (CJP)] extract is active against the planktonic cells of S. aureus strains, and for the first time, we show that …

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Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh Jul 2020

Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study the physicochemical stability of sertraline with lactose was evaluated in drug-excipient binary mixtures. Different physicochemical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were applied to confirm the incompatibility. The final aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters using a fast and sensitive DSC method. Solid-state kinetic parameters were derived from nonisothermally stressed physical mixtures using different thermal models such as Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. Overall, the instability of sertraline with lactose was successfully evaluated. Further confirmation was made by tracking the Maillard reaction product of sertraline and …

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Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez Jul 2020

Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this paper a method of using the “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) was developed for the analysis of five frequently applied pesticides in papaya and avocado. The selected pesticides, ametryn, atrazine, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methyl parathion, represent the most commonly used classes (carbamates, organophosphorous, and triazines). Optimum separation achieved the analysis of all pesticides in < 6.5 minutes. Validation using papaya and avocado samples established the proposed method as linear, accurate, and precise. In this sense, the correlation coefficients were > 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in papaya ranged from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg and from 0.06 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile for avocado, LOD values …

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