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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 2094

Full-Text Articles in Toxicology

Determination Of The Levels Of Two Types Of Neurotransmitter And The Anti-Migraine Effects Of Different Dose-Ratios Of Ligusticum Chuanxiong And Gastrodia Elata, Q. Wang, L. Shen, S.-Y. Ma, M.-W. Chen, X. Lin, Y.-L. Hong, Y. Feng Jul 2020

Determination Of The Levels Of Two Types Of Neurotransmitter And The Anti-Migraine Effects Of Different Dose-Ratios Of Ligusticum Chuanxiong And Gastrodia Elata, Q. Wang, L. Shen, S.-Y. Ma, M.-W. Chen, X. Lin, Y.-L. Hong, Y. Feng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC)-Gastrodia elata (GE) compatibility is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of migraine. It has been shown that the changes of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system are closely related to the pathogenesis of migraine; whether LC-GE compatibility might affect the neurotransmitters in migraine rats has not yet been studied. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector methods for quantification of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in rat brain were developed. The 5-HT was measured directly, while EAAs were determined by using dansyl chloride as precolumn derivative reagent. The validation of the …

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Chemopreventive Effect Of Myrtenal On Bacterial Enzyme Activity And The Development Of 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci In Wistar Rats, L.K. Booupathy, S. Venkatachalam, N. Natarajan, R. Thamaraiselvan, M. Arumugam, Periyasamy B. Maruthaiveeran Jul 2020

Chemopreventive Effect Of Myrtenal On Bacterial Enzyme Activity And The Development Of 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci In Wistar Rats, L.K. Booupathy, S. Venkatachalam, N. Natarajan, R. Thamaraiselvan, M. Arumugam, Periyasamy B. Maruthaiveeran

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Colon cancer remains as a serious health problem around the world despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Dietary fibers are considered to reduce the risk of colon cancer as they are converted to short chain fatty acids by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine, but imbalanced diet and high fat consumption may promote tumor formation at different sites, including the large bowel via increased bacterial enzymes activity. The present study was conducted to characterize the inhibitory action of myrtenal on bacterial enzymes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Experimental colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is histologically, morphologically, and anatomically …

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Fingerprints And Primary Structure Identification Of Corn Peptides By Hplc-Diode Array Detection And Hplc-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C. Wang, H. He, J.-L. Zhang, X. Li, Z.-L. Ma Jul 2020

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Fingerprints And Primary Structure Identification Of Corn Peptides By Hplc-Diode Array Detection And Hplc-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C. Wang, H. He, J.-L. Zhang, X. Li, Z.-L. Ma

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Corn peptides (CPs) are reported to have many biological functions, such as facilitating alcohol metabolism, antioxidation, antitumor, antihypertension, and hepatoprotection. To develop a method for quality control, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was applied. Twenty-eight common peaks were found in all the CPs of corn samples from Enshi, China, based on which, a fingerprinting chromatogram was established for use in quality control in future research. Subsequently, the major chemical constituents of these common peaks were identified respectively using the HPLC-diode-array detection electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DAD-ESI-MS/MS) system, and 48 peptide fractions were determined ultimately. This was the first …

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Determination Of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), And Ni (Nickel) In Chinese Tea With High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, W.-S. Zhong, T. Ren, L.-J. Zhao Jul 2020

Determination Of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), And Ni (Nickel) In Chinese Tea With High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, W.-S. Zhong, T. Ren, L.-J. Zhao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The contents of lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel were determined in 25 tea samples from China, including green, yellow, white, oolong, black, Pu'er, and jasmine tea products, using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The methods used for sample preparation, digestion, and quantificational analysis were established, generating satisfactory analytical precisions (represented by relative standard deviations ranging from 0.6% to 2.5%) and recoveries (98.91-101.32%). The lead contents in tea leaves were 0.48-10.57 mg/kg, and 80% of these values were below the maximum values stated by the guidelines in China. The contents of cadmium and chromium ranged from 0.01 …

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Rapid Confirmatory Analysis Of Avermectin Residues In Milk By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, N. Ozdemir, T. Kahraman Jul 2020

Rapid Confirmatory Analysis Of Avermectin Residues In Milk By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, N. Ozdemir, T. Kahraman

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Our study developed a quick method for confirmatory analysis of avermectins (abamectin B1a, doramectin, ivermectin B1a, eprinomectin B1a, and moxidectin) in bovine milk according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Avermectins were liquid-liquid extracted with acetonitrile, followed by an evaporation step, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. An in-house method validation was performed and the data reported on specificity, linearity, recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, decision limit, and detection capability. The advantage of this method is that low levels of avermectins are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a …

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Fabrication Of A Novel Electrochemical Sensor For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Different Fruit Juice Samples, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, A. Nazari, M. Tabatabaee Jul 2020

Fabrication Of A Novel Electrochemical Sensor For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Different Fruit Juice Samples, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, A. Nazari, M. Tabatabaee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor is fabricated based on a multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT-GCE) and reactive blue 19 (RB). The charge transfer coefficient, α, and the charge transfer rate constant, ks, of RB adsorbed on MWCNT-GCE were calculated and found to be 0.44 ± 0.01 Hz and 1.9 ± 0.05 Hz, respectively. The catalysis of the electroreduction of H2O2 by RB-MWCNT-GCE is described. The RB-MWCNT-GCE shows a dramatic increase in the peak current and a decrease in the overvoltage of H2O2 electroreduction in comparison with that seen at an RB modified GCE, MWCNT modified GCE, and …

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Nanomaterial-Based Sensors For Detection Of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens And Toxins As Well As Pork Adulteration In Meat Products, Inbaraj B. Stephen, B.H. Chen Jul 2020

Nanomaterial-Based Sensors For Detection Of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens And Toxins As Well As Pork Adulteration In Meat Products, Inbaraj B. Stephen, B.H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Food safety draws considerable attention in the modern pace of the world owing to rapid-changing food recipes and food habits. Foodborne illnesses associated with pathogens, toxins, and other contaminants pose serious threat to human health. Besides, a large amount of money is spent on both analyses and control measures, which causes significant loss to the food industry. Conventional detection methods for bacterial pathogens and toxins are time consuming and laborious, requiring certain sophisticated instruments and trained personnel. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for solving food safety issues in terms of detecting contaminants, enabling controlled release …

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Pacific Oyster-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Allergen-Induced Intestinal Inflammation In A Murine Model Of Food Allergy, C.-H. Cheng, H.-Y. Wu, C.-F. Wu, T.-R. Jan Jul 2020

Pacific Oyster-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Allergen-Induced Intestinal Inflammation In A Murine Model Of Food Allergy, C.-H. Cheng, H.-Y. Wu, C.-F. Wu, T.-R. Jan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Oyster-derived polysaccharides (OPS) have been shown to modulate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 immunobalance toward the Th1-dominant direction in antigen-primed splenocytes. In the present study, we hypothesized that OPS might attenuate intestinal inflammation associated with food allergy, a Th2-dominant immune disorder. BALB/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) absorbed to alum and then repeatedly challenged with intragastric OVA to induce intestinal allergic responses. The mice were administered by gavage with OPS and/or vehicle (distilled water) once/d during the two sensitization phases, and once every other day during the challenge phase. Administration with OPS attenuated OVA challenge-elicited diarrhea, and the infiltration …

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Determination Of Histamine In Milkfish Stick Implicated In Food-Borne Poisoning, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-H. Wu, H.-M. Hsu, H.-C. Chen, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Determination Of Histamine In Milkfish Stick Implicated In Food-Borne Poisoning, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-H. Wu, H.-M. Hsu, H.-C. Chen, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An incident of food-borne poisoning causing illness in 37 victims due to ingestion of fried fish sticks occurred in September 2014, in Tainan city, southern Taiwan. Leftovers of the victims' fried fish sticks and 16 other raw fish stick samples from retail stores were collected and tested to determine the occurrence of histamine and histamine-forming bacteria. Two suspected fried fish samples contained 86.6 mg/100 g and 235.0 mg/100 g histamine; levels that are greater than the potential hazard action level (50 mg/100 g) in most illness cases. Given the allergy-like symptoms of the victims and the high histamine content in …

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Isolation Of Eugenyl Β-Primeveroside From Camellia Sasanqua And Its Anticancer Activity In Pc3 Prostate Cancer Cells, C.-C. Wang, C.-T. Ho, S.-C. Lee, T.-D. Way Jul 2020

Isolation Of Eugenyl Β-Primeveroside From Camellia Sasanqua And Its Anticancer Activity In Pc3 Prostate Cancer Cells, C.-C. Wang, C.-T. Ho, S.-C. Lee, T.-D. Way

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Most studies of tea trees have focused on their ornamental properties, there are fewer published studies on their medical values. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical constituents and the biological potential of the water extract of leaves in eight species of Camellia including Camellia sinensis. Among eight Camellia species, Camellia sasanqua showed potent anticancer activities in prostate cancer PC3 cells. In addition to catechins, the major component, eugenyl β-primeveroside was detected in C. sasanqua. Eugenyl β-primeveroside blocked the progression of cell cycle at G1 phase by inducing p53 expression and further upregulating p21 expression. Moreover, eugenyl …

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Chemical Quality Evaluation Of Antrodia Cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Using Phytomics Similarity Index Analysis, C.-H. Chung, S.-C. Yeh, H.-C. Tseng, M.-L. Siu, K.-T. Lee Jul 2020

Chemical Quality Evaluation Of Antrodia Cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Using Phytomics Similarity Index Analysis, C.-H. Chung, S.-C. Yeh, H.-C. Tseng, M.-L. Siu, K.-T. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The fruiting body of Antrodia cinnamomea is used as a medicinal mushroom in Taiwan and is found on the inner cavity of the endemic species Cinnamomum kanehirai. In this study, phytomics similarity index (PSI) analysis was employed for the chemical quality evaluation of the A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies from different strains, and grown on various substrates. The results indicated that the different types of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies contain eight index compounds, and that it was difficult to discriminate between them solely on the basis of those index compounds. In our research, we used PSI scores to assess the metabolite …

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Myrciaria Cauliflora Extracts Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy Involving The Ras Signaling Pathway In Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide Mice On A High Fat Diet, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, Y.-C. Shin, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang Jul 2020

Myrciaria Cauliflora Extracts Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy Involving The Ras Signaling Pathway In Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide Mice On A High Fat Diet, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, Y.-C. Shin, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and its mortality is continuously increasing worldwide. Previous studies indicate that reactive oxygen species play an important role in high glucose-induced renal injury. Myrciaria cauliflora has been reported as a functional food rich in anthocyanins possessing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study examined whether M. cauliflora extracts (MCE) can attenuate diabetic nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. First, the composition of the anthocyanins and polyphenols of MCE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. One hundred mg/kg of streptozotocin and 240 mg/kg nicotinamide were administered to …

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Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activities Of 11 Herbal Plants From Hyrcania Region, Iran, H. Dehghan, Y. Sarrafi, P. Salehi Jul 2020

Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activities Of 11 Herbal Plants From Hyrcania Region, Iran, H. Dehghan, Y. Sarrafi, P. Salehi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, and total phenolic contents of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of various parts of Allium paradoxum, Buxus hyrcana, Convolvulus persicus, Eryngium caucasicum, Heracleum persicum, Pimpinella affinis, Parrotia persica, Primula heterochroma, Pyrus boissieriana, Ruscus hyrcanus, and Smilax excelsa were investigated. These plants, which mostly serve as food flavoring, were collected from Hyrcania region, Sari, Iran. Some extracts of H. persicum, S. excels, P. boissieriana, P. persica, and P. heterochroma exhibited significant antidiabetic activities in α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays, more effective than acarbose (concentrations that cause 50% inhibition = …

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Effects Of Calcium Supplements On The Quality And Acrylamide Content Of Puffed Shrimp Chips, T.-Y. Chen, H.-M. Luo, P.-H. Hsu, W.-C. Sung Jul 2020

Effects Of Calcium Supplements On The Quality And Acrylamide Content Of Puffed Shrimp Chips, T.-Y. Chen, H.-M. Luo, P.-H. Hsu, W.-C. Sung

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The quality and acrylamide content of deep-fried and microwave-puffed shrimp chips fortified with 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% calcium salts (calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, or calcium acetate) were investigated. Microwave-puffed shrimp chips contained higher amounts of acrylamide (130.43 ppb) than did deep-fried shrimp chips. The greatest mitigation of acrylamide formation in overfried chips was obtained with 0.1% calcium lactate. All browning indexes of fortified shrimp chips, whether deep-fried or microwave-puffed, were reduced. L∗values of microwave-puffed shrimp chips were higher than those of deep-fried shrimp chips, whereas a∗and b∗values and browning indexes were lower. Color differences (ΔE) between deep-fried puffed …

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Reduction Of Histamine And Biogenic Amines During Salted Fish Fermentation By Bacillus Polymyxa As A Starter Culture, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-Y. Huang, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Reduction Of Histamine And Biogenic Amines During Salted Fish Fermentation By Bacillus Polymyxa As A Starter Culture, Y.-C. Lee, H.-F. Kung, C.-Y. Huang, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Bacillus polymyxa D05-1, isolated from salted fish product and possessing amine degrading activity, was used as a starter culture in salted fish fermentation in this study. Fermentation was held at 35°C for 120 days. The water activity in control samples (without starter culture) and inoculated samples (inoculated with B. polymyxa D05-1) remained constant throughout fermentation, whereas the pH value rose slightly during fermentation. Salt contents in both samples were constant in the range of 17.5-17.8% during the first 60 days of fermentation and thereafter increased slowly. The inoculated samples had considerably lower levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (p < 0.05) than control samples at each sampling time during 120 days of fermentation. Aerobic bacterial counts in inoculated samples were retarded during the first 60 days of fermentation and thereafter increased slowly, whereas those of control samples increased rapidly with increased fermentation time. However, the aerobic bacterial counts of control samples were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of inoculated samples after 40 days of fermentation. In general, overall biogenic amine contents (including histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine) in the control samples were markedly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the inoculated samples throughout fermentation. After 120 days of fermentation, the histamine and overall biogenic amine contents in the inoculated samples were reduced by 34.0% and 30.0%, respectively, compared to control samples. These results emphasize that the application of starter culture with amines degrading activity in salted fish products was effective in reducing biogenic amine accumulation. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

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Comparing Determination Methods Of Detection And Quantification Limits For Aflatoxin Analysis In Hazelnut, Ü. Şengül Jul 2020

Comparing Determination Methods Of Detection And Quantification Limits For Aflatoxin Analysis In Hazelnut, Ü. Şengül

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hazelnut is a type of plant that grows in wet and humid climatic conditions. Adverse climatic conditions result in the formation of aflatoxin in hazelnuts during the harvesting, drying, and storing processes. Aflatoxin is considered an important food contaminant, which makes aflatoxin analysis important in the international produce trade. For this reason, validation is important for the analysis of aflatoxin in hazelnuts. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important parameters in validation. In this study, the LOD and LOQ values have been determined using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) Method 991.31, which …

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Use, History, And Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis Of Aconitum, M. El-Shazly, C.-J. Tai, T.-Y. Wu, D. Csupor, J. Hohmann, F.-R. Chang, Y.-C. Wu Jul 2020

Use, History, And Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis Of Aconitum, M. El-Shazly, C.-J. Tai, T.-Y. Wu, D. Csupor, J. Hohmann, F.-R. Chang, Y.-C. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) …

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Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a naturally occurring toxin in food, especially in puffer fish. TTX poisoning is observed frequently in South East Asian regions. In TTX-derived food poisoning outbreaks, the amount of TTX recovered from suspicious fish samples or leftovers, and residual levels from biological fluids of victims are typically trace. However, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods have been demonstrated to qualitatively and quantitatively determine TTX in clinical samples from victims. Identification and validation of the TTX-originating seafood species responsible for a food poisoning incident is needed. A polymerase chain reaction-based method on mitochondrial DNA analysis is …

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Mycotoxin Monitoring For Commercial Foodstuffs In Taiwan, M.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Hsu, T.-S. Wang, S.-W. Chien Jul 2020

Mycotoxin Monitoring For Commercial Foodstuffs In Taiwan, M.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Hsu, T.-S. Wang, S.-W. Chien

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mycotoxins are toxic food contaminants that are naturally produced by certain fungi. They induce negative effects on human health by making food unsafe for consumption. In this study, analyses were performed to determine the levels and incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut products, tree nuts, spices, and Coix seeds; ochratoxin A (OTA) in wheat and roasted coffee, as well as OTA and AFs in rice; and citrinin (CIT) in red yeast rice (RYR) products. A total of 712 samples from nine different food categories were collected between 2012 and 2013. The samples were analyzed over 2 years for AFs, OTA, …

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Analysis Of Aroma Compounds And Nutrient Contents Of Mabolo (Diospyros Blancoi A. Dc.), An Ethnobotanical Fruit Of Austronesian Taiwan, S.-F. Hung, S.-F. Roan, T.-L. Chang, H.-B. King, I.-Z. Chen Jul 2020

Analysis Of Aroma Compounds And Nutrient Contents Of Mabolo (Diospyros Blancoi A. Dc.), An Ethnobotanical Fruit Of Austronesian Taiwan, S.-F. Hung, S.-F. Roan, T.-L. Chang, H.-B. King, I.-Z. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diospyros blancoi A. DC. is an evergreen tree species of high-quality wood. Mabolo, the fruit of this plant, is popular among the natives in Taiwan, but its potential in economic use has not been fully explored. Mabolo has a rich aroma. Of the 39 different volatile compounds isolated, its intact fruit and peel were found to both contain 24 compounds, whereas the pulp contained 28 compounds. The most important aroma compounds were esters and α-farnesene. Our data show that mabolo is rich in dietary fiber (3.2%), and the contents of other nutrients such as malic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, …

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Perspectives On Genetically Modified Crops And Food Detection, C.-H. Lin, T.-M. Pan Jul 2020

Perspectives On Genetically Modified Crops And Food Detection, C.-H. Lin, T.-M. Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Genetically modified (GM) crops are a major product of the global food industry. From 1996 to 2014, 357 GM crops were approved and the global value of the GM crop market reached 35% of the global commercial seed market in 2014. However, the rapid growth of the GM crop-based industry has also created controversies in many regions, including the European Union, Egypt, and Taiwan. The effective detection and regulation of GM crops/foods are necessary to reduce the impact of these controversies. In this review, the status of GM crops and the technology for their detection are discussed. As the primary …

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Exploring In Vitro Neurobiological Effects And High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Assisted Quantitation Of Chlorogenic Acid In 18 Turkish Coffee Brands, S.A. Erdem, F.S. Senol, E. Budakoglu, I.E. Orhan, B. Sener Jul 2020

Exploring In Vitro Neurobiological Effects And High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Assisted Quantitation Of Chlorogenic Acid In 18 Turkish Coffee Brands, S.A. Erdem, F.S. Senol, E. Budakoglu, I.E. Orhan, B. Sener

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The hydroalcoholic extracts of the Turkish traditional coffee samples from 18 commercial brands were tested for their neurobiological effects through enzyme inhibition based on enzyme-linked immunosorbance microtiter assays against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase, linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The extracts were also subjected to several antioxidant test systems to define their antiradical, metal-chelation capacity, and reducing power. Total phenol and flavonoid contents in the extracts were delineated by spectrophotometric methods, while chlorogenic acid in the coffee samples was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The extracts displayed low to moderate inhibition (from 2.13 ± 0.01% to 36.12 ± 1.07% at …

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Microspheres As Carriers For Lipase Inhibitory Substances To Reduce Dietary Triglyceride Absorption In Mice, S.-H. Wu, N.-N. Sun, C.-F. Chau Jul 2020

Microspheres As Carriers For Lipase Inhibitory Substances To Reduce Dietary Triglyceride Absorption In Mice, S.-H. Wu, N.-N. Sun, C.-F. Chau

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The present study intends to use microspheres as a delivery system of chlorogenic acid (CGA) to investigate the influences of CGA microspheres on dietary fat absorption and fecal triglyceride excretion in a mice model. Microspheres have an average particle size of about 53.3 μm. Results indicated that the microspheres were capable of gradually releasing the preloaded CGA into the surrounding medium. Their bioadhesive property might help prolong the gastrointestinal transit time in mice, and render a better mixing and contact between CGA and triglyceride. Consumption of CGA microspheres resulted in a significantly higher level of fecal triglyceride (119-144%) as compared …

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Quantitative Analysis Of Insulin In Total Parenteral Nutrition Bag In Taiwan, K.-H. Yu, H.-L. Tsao, S.-J. Lin, C.-Y. Chen Jul 2020

Quantitative Analysis Of Insulin In Total Parenteral Nutrition Bag In Taiwan, K.-H. Yu, H.-L. Tsao, S.-J. Lin, C.-Y. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Regular insulin can reduce hyperglycemia when directly added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions. Insulin is not routinely added to all TPN solutions. For patients who require insulin prior to the initiation of TPN supplement, one-third to one-half of the usual total daily dose can be added to the TPN bag as regular human insulin. However, an incorrect dose or an interaction between insulin and the TPN bag material may affect blood sugar control in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to quantitatively determine the final dose of insulin in the TPN bag. High performance liquid chromatography is a very …

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Corrigendum To “High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Fampridine, Paroxetine, And Quinidine In Rat Plasma: Application To In Vivo Perfusion Study” (J Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2016) 24(4) (866–875) (S1021949816300321) (10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.03.004), S. Achanti, R.R. Katta Jul 2020

Corrigendum To “High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Fampridine, Paroxetine, And Quinidine In Rat Plasma: Application To In Vivo Perfusion Study” (J Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2016) 24(4) (866–875) (S1021949816300321) (10.1016/J.Jfda.2016.03.004), S. Achanti, R.R. Katta

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The GA (Graphical Abstract) is corrected to include the 2 missing points. One is the Heating mat is drawn for the anaesthetized rat and secondly, the perfusion solution was used in red color due to phenol red which is actually done at the time of experiment and collected the perfusate in eppendorf tubes only. © 2017

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Taiwanese And Japanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Extracts Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Mice, C.-T. Chen, Z.-H. Wang, C.-C. Hsu, H.-H. Lin, J.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Taiwanese And Japanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Extracts Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Mice, C.-T. Chen, Z.-H. Wang, C.-C. Hsu, H.-H. Lin, J.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The present study was designed to explore whether yam could protect the heart from doxorubicin (DOX)-induced oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity in vivo. In this study, the protective effects of water and ethanol extracts of three varieties of yam, including water extracts of Dioscorea japonica Thunb., ethanol extracts of D. japonica Thunb., water extracts of Dioscorea alata, ethanol extracts of D. alata, water extracts of Dioscorea purpurea, and ethanol extracts of D. purpurea, against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental mice were evaluated. DOX treatment led to significant decreases in the ratio of heart weight to body weight and heart rate, and …

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Extract From Mulberry (Morus Australis) Leaf Decelerate Acetaminophen Induced Hepatic Inflammation Involving Downregulation Of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (Myd88) Signals, C.-T. Horng, Z.-H. Liu, Y.-T. Huang, H.-J. Lee, C.-J. Wang Jul 2020

Extract From Mulberry (Morus Australis) Leaf Decelerate Acetaminophen Induced Hepatic Inflammation Involving Downregulation Of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (Myd88) Signals, C.-T. Horng, Z.-H. Liu, Y.-T. Huang, H.-J. Lee, C.-J. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Acetaminophen (APAP) induced inflammation and oxidative stress can cause cell death to induce liver damage. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of Mulberry (Morus australis) leaf extract (MLE) was shown in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the modulation of MLE on APAP induced inflammation and oxidative stress in rat liver injury or liver cancer cell (HepG2). Wistar rat was fed orally with MLE (0.5% or 1.0 %) for 1 week, and then, 900 mg/kg of APAP was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Pretreatment of MLE decreased obvious foci of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver. It also reduced the expression of inflammatory …

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Optimization Conditions For Extracting Polysaccharide From Angelica Sinensis And Its Antioxidant Activities, S. Tian, C. Hao, G. Xu, J. Yang, R. Sun Jul 2020

Optimization Conditions For Extracting Polysaccharide From Angelica Sinensis And Its Antioxidant Activities, S. Tian, C. Hao, G. Xu, J. Yang, R. Sun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis were extracted using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Based on the results of single factor experiments and orthogonal tests, three independent variables—water/raw material ratio, ultrasound time, and ultrasound power—were selected for investigation. Then, we used response surface methodology to optimize the extraction conditions. The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic equation using multiple regression analysis, and the optimal conditions were as follows: water/raw material ratio, 43.31 mL/g; ultrasonic time, 28.06 minutes; power, 396.83 W. Under such conditions, the polysaccharide yield was 21.89 ± 0.21%, which was well matched with the predicted yield. In …

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In Vitro Assay To Estimate Tea Astringency Via Observing Flotation Of Artificial Oil Bodies Sheltered By Caleosin Fused With Histatin 3, Y.-E. Shih, Y.-C. Lin, T.-Y. Chung, M.-C. Liu, G.-H. Chen, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen Jul 2020

In Vitro Assay To Estimate Tea Astringency Via Observing Flotation Of Artificial Oil Bodies Sheltered By Caleosin Fused With Histatin 3, Y.-E. Shih, Y.-C. Lin, T.-Y. Chung, M.-C. Liu, G.-H. Chen, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Astringency, a sensory characteristic of food and beverages rich in polyphenols, mainly results from the formation of complexes between polyphenols and salivary proteins, causing a reduction of the lubricating properties of saliva. To develop an in vitro assay to estimate the astringency of oolong tea infusion, artificial oil bodies were constituted with sesame oil sheltered by a modified caleosin fused with histatin 3, one of the human salivary small peptides. Aggregation of artificial oil bodies was induced when they were mixed with oolong tea infusion or its major polyphenolic compound, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) of 100μM as observed in light microscopy. …

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Characterization Of Metabolite Profiles From The Leaves Of Green Perilla (Perilla Frutescens) By Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Screening For Their Antioxidant Properties, Y.H. Lee, B. Kim, S. Kim, M.-S. Kim, H. Kim, S.-R. Hwang, K. Kim, J.H. Lee Jul 2020

Characterization Of Metabolite Profiles From The Leaves Of Green Perilla (Perilla Frutescens) By Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Screening For Their Antioxidant Properties, Y.H. Lee, B. Kim, S. Kim, M.-S. Kim, H. Kim, S.-R. Hwang, K. Kim, J.H. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of this research was to access the determination of metabolite profiles and antioxidant properties in the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens), where these are considered functional and nutraceutical substances in Korea. A total of 25 compositions were confirmed as six phenolic acids, two triterpenoids, eight flavonoids, seven fatty acids, and two glucosides using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technique from the methanol extract of this species. The individual and total compositions exhibited significant differences, especially rosmarinic acid (10), and linolenic acids (22 and 23) were detected as …

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