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Articles 3931 - 3960 of 4223
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Application Of Stochastic Petri-Net In Dynamic Evaluation Of Ecological Environmental Vulnerability In Mining Area, Guangqiu Huang, Quanchen Liu, Qiuqin Lu
Application Of Stochastic Petri-Net In Dynamic Evaluation Of Ecological Environmental Vulnerability In Mining Area, Guangqiu Huang, Quanchen Liu, Qiuqin Lu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to establish the simulation model of vulnerable process of ecological environment in mining and evaluate ecological environment vulnerability dynamically, stochastic Petri-net (SPN) was adopted. The place set was divided into destruction state set, repair state set and virtual place set. Ways of representation and calculation method of these three types of places were given respectively. The state value of a place was to record actual change quantity of this place. The calculation of vulnerability was integrated into network system running naturally. Vulnerability algorithm based on SPN was given. In case study, a simplified SPN model …
Neural Network Minimun Parameter Sliding Control Of Blood Pump Based On Heart Rate, Huibo Liu, Liu Mu
Neural Network Minimun Parameter Sliding Control Of Blood Pump Based On Heart Rate, Huibo Liu, Liu Mu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An intelligent algorithm is designed to control the blood pump to assist natural cardiac blood pumping and to meet the needs of blood perfusion. The algorithm combines sliding mode control which does not depend on object model and RBF neural network which has optimal approximation properties to design controller. Minimum parameter learning method is used to design the adaptive law, adjust the weights of neural network. In order to ensure the real time, the speed signal is given by the function of blood flow, blood pump speed and heart rate. Through comparing with PID algorithm, the research shows that: …
Soft-Sensor Method Of Low Pressure Cylinder Exhaust Flow Of Heating Units, Tian Liang, Wang Tong
Soft-Sensor Method Of Low Pressure Cylinder Exhaust Flow Of Heating Units, Tian Liang, Wang Tong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the capacity of absorbing the wind power, power grid requests heating units to reduce the power load limit as far as possible. Turbine exhaust steam flow is a main parameter which determines power load limit. By analysing the balance of the mass-energy on vapor flow, and choosing the condensate flow and enthalpy rise of condensate and enthalpy drop of number 6 low pressure heater as auxiliary variables, soft-sensor method of low pressure cylinder exhaust flow is established. Furthermore, number 7 and number 8 extraction pressure and temperature are chosen simultaneously and dynamic low pressure cylinder …
Network Mode And Economy Analysis Of Photovoltaic-Battery System In Microgrid, Weiqing Sun, Liu Tong, Liu Bo, Youjia Wang
Network Mode And Economy Analysis Of Photovoltaic-Battery System In Microgrid, Weiqing Sun, Liu Tong, Liu Bo, Youjia Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to its various power sources, flexible operation modes and ability of making full use of distributed energy resources, microgrid has received broad attention. Focusing on the two different network modes of photovoltaic-battery system (PVBS), the power flow distribution of photovoltaic-battery hybrid system (PVBHS) and photovoltaic-battery integrated system (PVBIS) under different operation conditions are analyzed separately and the corresponding operational economy calculation model is proposed. Using the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis method, the economy of PVBHS and PVBIS is compared. A 6-bus microgrid lab system and the IEEE 33-bus test system are taken as the study case. Results …
Adaptive Real-Time Tracking Control System For Ammonia Desulphurization, Lixin Ma, Mengyuan Lü
Adaptive Real-Time Tracking Control System For Ammonia Desulphurization, Lixin Ma, Mengyuan Lü
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the ammonia desulphurization system, we can use forecast devices to compensate the delay time of sensor in the process of detection. But the error of the parameters in the mathematical model of the method has a great influence on the performance of the control system. So it is unable to realize the real-time tracking of the load. Concerning this problem, we put forward a kind of real-time tracking control system based on model reference adaptive technology which could be able to track the load—model reference adaptive technology is used in the ammonia desulphurization technology. It breaks the normal …
Prediction Of Alumina Density Based On Lssvm, Guimei Cui, Haijin Yang, Piliang Liu, Yu Kai
Prediction Of Alumina Density Based On Lssvm, Guimei Cui, Haijin Yang, Piliang Liu, Yu Kai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The prediction model of alumina density based on the PSO algorithm with swarm activity to optimize LSSVM method is built. According to the production process characteristics of aluminum electrolysis and historical data, the input variables of the model is determined. It can solve these problems that Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is with the risk of premature convergence and least square support vector machine is time consuming with parameter selection. The method uses swarm activity as diversity index. When swarm activity is quickened to descend, evolution operation is added to modify the positions or velocities of particles to …
Analysis Of Uas Avoidance Warning Criteria Based On "Τ-Τ", Zhiwei Zhang, Jianwu Tao, Shao Xiao
Analysis Of Uas Avoidance Warning Criteria Based On "Τ-Τ", Zhiwei Zhang, Jianwu Tao, Shao Xiao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the process of UAV avoiding obstacles, the tau warning logic based on time is introduced. Based on the tau warning logic, the τ-τ warning logic is proposed, and the equal τ-τ warning curve is constructed. According to the range of maneuver of the own UAV, three warning areas are defined, including high-risk area, low-risk area and non-risk area. Aiming at the two planes in the case of parallel encounter and vertical encounter, in accordance with three different situations of the UAV’s speed greater than, equal to and less than the intruder’s speed, the method simulates the warning …
Anchor Adaptive Movement Algorithm For Mobile Nodes Localization, Zhou Fei, Wennan Liu
Anchor Adaptive Movement Algorithm For Mobile Nodes Localization, Zhou Fei, Wennan Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Location awareness is very important in mobile sensor networks. The existing methods mainly focus on the improvement based on the MCL (Monte Carlo Localization), few of them study the anchor path planning. However, anchors random movement usually causes the waste of energy and resource. Aiming at this deficiency, this paper adopts the grid benefit criterion and achieves anchors adaptive movement. Threshold instead of traversal method is used to reduce the amount of calculation and positioning time. In order to solve the anchors aggregation problem during adaptive movement, we divide the target area into four subareas and constrain part of …
Design And Implementation Of Human-Computer Interactive System For Public Information Service In Smart City, Han Feng, Xiaoling Li, Xiuwen Sun, Lingyu Ji
Design And Implementation Of Human-Computer Interactive System For Public Information Service In Smart City, Han Feng, Xiaoling Li, Xiuwen Sun, Lingyu Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the singleness on the interactive contents and forms of public information services in Smart City, we design and implement a human-computer interactive system. We analyze both user behavior characteristics as self-portrait effect, landing effect, honeypot effect and Smart City application design characteristics as socialization, intellectualization and humanization. Regarding these characteristics, we specify the interactive contents and the corresponding interactive forms and design the UI features for improving user experience. We research on the technologies involved in the implementation of the system, including gesture recognition based on segments, face recognition and resource integration using WPF, besides, holographic …
Cfd Based Analysis And Improvement Of The Flow Field Of Stirred Tank Reactor For Crystallization, Zewen Ma, Liu Tao, Xudong Sun
Cfd Based Analysis And Improvement Of The Flow Field Of Stirred Tank Reactor For Crystallization, Zewen Ma, Liu Tao, Xudong Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is adopted to analyze the flow field of 1L stirred tank reactor for crystallization. A popular CFD software named FLUENT is used to analyze the influence of a single layer turbine agitator on the flow field in a stirred tank reactor. The standard turbulence model of k-ε is employed to simulate a three-dimensional single-phase flow field of water solution. Simulation studies indicate that the simulated flow field is consistent with real distribution of the flow field, while it is seen that uniform blending can be achieved in the lower and middle parts of …
Characteristic Analysis Of Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance With Levy Noise, Lifang He, Yingying Cui, Guoquan Li, Jinzhao Lin
Characteristic Analysis Of Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance With Levy Noise, Lifang He, Yingying Cui, Guoquan Li, Jinzhao Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The characteristic analysis of tri-stable stochastic resonance with Levy noise is analyzed deeply with Levy noise being combined with a tri-stable stochastic resonance system and average signal-to-noise ratio gain being used as index. The effect of tri-stable system parameters w, a, b and Levy noise intensity amplification factor D on the resonant output is explored with different Levy noise. Results show that for different distribution of Levy noise, the stochastic resonance phenomenon can be induced by tuning the system parameters. The parameter intervals which can induce stochastic resonances are approximately equal. Moreover, by adjusting the intensity …
Approach For Lithium-Ion Battery Rul Prognostics Based On Cpso-Rvm, Chaolong Zhang, Yigang He, Lifen Yuan
Approach For Lithium-Ion Battery Rul Prognostics Based On Cpso-Rvm, Chaolong Zhang, Yigang He, Lifen Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: On account of the measured battery state of health (SOH) data are often subject to different levels of noise pollution, a battery remaining useful life (RUL) prognostics approach is presented based on wavelet denoising and CPSO-RVM in the paper. Wavelet denoising is performed twice with different thresholds in order to weaken the strong noise and remove the weak noise. Relevance vector machine (RVM) improved by chaos particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is utilized to estimate the trend of battery SOH variation trajectory and predict the battery RUL based on the denoised data. RUL prognostic experiments using battery data provided …
Robust Fuzzy Adaptive Compensation Control Of Reconfigurable Manipulator, Weimin Ge, Keke Yan, Xiaofeng Wang, Zengchang Liu
Robust Fuzzy Adaptive Compensation Control Of Reconfigurable Manipulator, Weimin Ge, Keke Yan, Xiaofeng Wang, Zengchang Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the uncertainty of the dynamics system of reconfigurable manipulator, a control law based on the fuzzy adaptive algorithm is proposed to adaptively approach the friction and external disturbance in the system, achieving the compensation control of the reconfigurable robot arm. At the same time, the robust items are added in the control law in order to improve the compensation precision and anti-interference performance of the control law, and reduce the approximation error of the algorithm. By Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the proposed fuzzy adaptive control law and the robust fuzzy adaptive control law can …
Evasive Maneuvers Against Missiles For Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle In Autonomous Air Combat, Xizhong Yang, Jianliang Ai
Evasive Maneuvers Against Missiles For Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle In Autonomous Air Combat, Xizhong Yang, Jianliang Ai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For UCAV having the capability to deal with autonomous air combat, the flight dynamics model with the overload input and the 3-dimensional proportional navigation guidance model were established. Based on artificial neural network, an evasive maneuver decision was presented for avoiding incoming missiles. The degrees of freedom for UCAV-missile system were reduced by coordinate transformation, which simplified the complicated model as a non-linear model with relatively small amount of input and a single output. After the neural network samples were generated and trained, evasive results could be directly predicted from the relationship of positions between UCAV and missile …
Evaluation On Pilot Performance Of Detecting Runway Incursion Based On Visual Simulation, Kun Yang, Xiangyu Ge, Pengfei Ju, Bai Jie
Evaluation On Pilot Performance Of Detecting Runway Incursion Based On Visual Simulation, Kun Yang, Xiangyu Ge, Pengfei Ju, Bai Jie
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to evaluate the performance of pilots using HUD and PFD to detect runway incursion under approach and landing circumstances, a visual simulation system for transport category airplanes is designed by visual simulation technology. The system includes models of head up display (HUD), primary flight display (PFD), cockpit of transport category airplanes, 3-D terrain of airport. And a program is written to read flight joystick data to control flight. On this visual simulation system, performance experiment of pilots using HUD and PFD to detect runway incursion is carried out. Analysis results show that the response time of …
Numerical Simulation On Air Quality In The Boeing 737 Aircraft Cabin, Xiuyan Wang, Gewen Zhang, Yanmin Liu, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Numerical Simulation On Air Quality In The Boeing 737 Aircraft Cabin, Xiuyan Wang, Gewen Zhang, Yanmin Liu, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The air quality in the cabin will directly affect the persons’ efficiency when an aircraft berths. In order to analyze the effect of velocity of air outlet of bridge-load air conditioning on the air quality of aircraft cabin, the first class cabin of Boeing 737 aircraft is used as the research object, based on the CFD method and numerical heat transfer theory, the air quality in aircraft cabin is simulated numerically. Based on PMV and CO2 relative concentration, a new air quality index (IAO) is put forward to evaluate the air quality of aircraft cabin, …
Gas-Liquid Flow Characteristics Study On The Amino Acid Fermentation Tank, Xiaodong Hu, Qinglei Liu, Fuyu Liu, Dexin Zhang
Gas-Liquid Flow Characteristics Study On The Amino Acid Fermentation Tank, Xiaodong Hu, Qinglei Liu, Fuyu Liu, Dexin Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the Euler - Euler two-fluid model and population balance model, using MRF (multiple reference frame) method, the flow field of the rushton turbine stirred reactor and airfoil axial flow stirred reactor in fermentation tank is analyzed by Fluent. The information of the oxygen content and the size of bubble in the tank is obtained. The simulation results show that the axial flow produced by the airfoil axial flow stirred reactor and the radial flow produced by the rushton turbine stirred reactor interact with each other. The oxygen distribution is relatively uniform. There is an oxygen concentration near …
Mining Method Of Crop Spectral And Image Correlation Modelbased On Spatio-Temporal Information, Ronghua Gao, Qifeng Li, Jingqiu Gu, Sun Xiang
Mining Method Of Crop Spectral And Image Correlation Modelbased On Spatio-Temporal Information, Ronghua Gao, Qifeng Li, Jingqiu Gu, Sun Xiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: When crop disease occurs, it is often displayed in the leaf, and the appearance and internal structure of the crop are changed, and the growth environment also has a certain influence on the disease. The growth environment, leaf RGB images and spectral images are fused to study the sparse feature recognition method of crop diseases based on information combination of multi spectral images. In this paper, a spatial-temporal information mining method for crop spectral and image correlation models is studied. The correlation between spectral reflectance characteristics of crop diseases and crop development, health status and growth conditions are analyzed …
Analysis Of Key Issues In Building Joint Operation Analytic Simulation System, Gensheng Hu, Shiguang Yue, Xiaogang Qiu, Zhao Kai
Analysis Of Key Issues In Building Joint Operation Analytic Simulation System, Gensheng Hu, Shiguang Yue, Xiaogang Qiu, Zhao Kai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The significance and reasons of key problems including the simulating efficiency, the model systems, the standard specification and system application are analyzed. On this basis, we discuss how to use techniques of high performance simulation engine, system modeling focused on C4ISR, artificial intelligence, and warfighting experimentation to solve these problems. We propose “two-line & three-layer” model VV&A management, “three-in-one” cooperative working pattern, and standard operation process of simulation analysis. Our works provide references for construction and application of the future joint operations simulation system.
Real-Time Rendering Of Massive Cad Models For High-Credibility Simulation, Junjie Xue, Junhua Zhou, Guoqiang Shi, Huiyang Qu
Real-Time Rendering Of Massive Cad Models For High-Credibility Simulation, Junjie Xue, Junhua Zhou, Guoqiang Shi, Huiyang Qu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The full-size 3D models of complex products have huge data sizes and are extremely complex. It is difficult to meet the requirements for the real-time rendering efficiency of the simulation application by merely relying on the performance of the existing computer hardware. This paper proposes a geometry metric method based on minimum bounding box and multi-view projection, which can accurately identify narrow and irregular small parts in the model. Combining with a model-details-filtering based adaptive LOD rendering algorithm, the real-time rendering of massive CAD models is realized. The experiments are carried out on the Boeing 777 aircraft model. The …
Method Of Missile Salvo Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Based On Multi Scattering Center Analog Measurement, Baiting Liu, Xiaolei Wang, Chaolei Wang, Yuhui Tao, Zhaowei Yang
Method Of Missile Salvo Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Based On Multi Scattering Center Analog Measurement, Baiting Liu, Xiaolei Wang, Chaolei Wang, Yuhui Tao, Zhaowei Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the verification requirements of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation test of a missile salvo guidance control system, this paper proposes a hardware-in-the-loop simulation test method for anti-aircraft missile based on multi-scattering center simulation to study the simulation method of missile salvo and the control method of multi-scattering center simulation of complex radio frequency target. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation verification test was carried out by constructing a hardware-in-the-loop simulation verification system. The verification test results show that the method can simulate the first missile and the target. The seeker can stably track the multi-scatter target, the target analog signal output maintains high …
Trajectory Optimization Design Of Ascending Phase For Solid Launch Vehicle Based On Fish-Swarm Algorithm, Xiaosu Li, Chao Tao, Songyan Wang
Trajectory Optimization Design Of Ascending Phase For Solid Launch Vehicle Based On Fish-Swarm Algorithm, Xiaosu Li, Chao Tao, Songyan Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The trajectory optimization of ascending stage for multi-stage solid launch vehicle using artificial fish-swarm optimization algorithm is presented. The flight program angle of ascending stage is designed. A pseudo-spectral method is used to discretize the dynamic optimization problem into the parameter optimization problem. The fish-swarm algorithm is used to solve an initial ballistics as the initial value, and the parameter optimization problem is solved by SQP. The simulation results show that the fish-swarm algorithm can effectively solve the trajectory optimization problem of multi-stage solid launch vehicles. The flight duration of the optimized scheme is reduced. The algorithm has …
Construction And Application Of Low Altitude Multi-Path Simulation System Based On Volume Distributive Target Simulation, Xiaolei Wang, Baiting Liu, Chaolei Wang, Zhaowei Yang, Yuhui Tao
Construction And Application Of Low Altitude Multi-Path Simulation System Based On Volume Distributive Target Simulation, Xiaolei Wang, Baiting Liu, Chaolei Wang, Zhaowei Yang, Yuhui Tao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the continuous development of broadband high-resolution radar technology, the existing simulation technology cannot meet the needs of complex RF target and low altitude multi-path simulation with multi scattering center characteristics. The paper takes broadband high-resolution RF imaging guidance system as application background. A method for constructing a low altitude multi-path semi-physical simulation system based on volume distributive target simulation is put forward. The RF complex volume distributive target control model and low altitude multi-path simulation control model are developed. A hardware-in-the-loop system with low altitude multi-path simulation is constructed. The experimental results show that the simulation model …
Research On Task Allocation Method Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cluster Network, Rugen Wang, Weimin Li, Yonglan Liu, Jinsong Liu
Research On Task Allocation Method Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cluster Network, Rugen Wang, Weimin Li, Yonglan Liu, Jinsong Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The cluster network is one of the typical multi unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)cooperative engagement mode. Task allocation is the basic premise making use of combat effectiveness of the cluster network. Aiming at this problem, the model and algorithm of task allocation are put forward. Task allocation problem of the cluster network and hierarchical structure of task allocation are analyzed. Task allocation model of the cluster network is built via the idea of hierarchy analysis. Task allocation algorithm of the cluster network based on PSO-ICWPA is put forward combining the advantage of intelligent optimization algorithm. Simulated analysis of task allocation model …
Online Modeling With Semi-Supervised Locally Weighted Partial Least Squares Based On Expectation Maximization Algorithm, Weili Xiong, Mingchen Xue, Yanjun Li
Online Modeling With Semi-Supervised Locally Weighted Partial Least Squares Based On Expectation Maximization Algorithm, Weili Xiong, Mingchen Xue, Yanjun Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As only small proportion of labeled data can be obtained from chemical processes, an online soft sensing modeling method based on semi-supervised locally weighted partial least squares is proposed . The labeled and unlabeled historical data are accumulated to construct training database. The similarity between the newly measured data and the sample points in the database are calculated and used as the weight of each data point. The semi-supervised locally weighted partial least squares model is constructed, and the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to estimate the parameters of the model. Online prediction achieves simulation results of debutanizer …
Historical Data Modeling Based On State Observation, Dong Ze, Erxin Yin
Historical Data Modeling Based On State Observation, Dong Ze, Erxin Yin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the conventional historical data modeling method can not overcome the influence of disturbance on modeling accuracy, a historical data modeling method based on state observation is proposed. In this method, the data with the characteristic from dynamic to steady state are selected from the historical data as the modeling data, which is subjected to zero initialization processing based on the final steady state value. The processed data is then divided into two segments. The first segment is used to track the state of the prediction model, and the final observed state is used as …
Facial Expression Recognition Based On Improved Dictionary Learning And Sparse Representation, Li Ming, Xiujiao Peng, Wang Yan
Facial Expression Recognition Based On Improved Dictionary Learning And Sparse Representation, Li Ming, Xiujiao Peng, Wang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to overcome the problems induced by illumination andocclude in facial expression recognition and reduce the time required by sparse representation classification, the facial expression recognition algorithm withfusion of HOG feature and improved KC-FDDL dictionary learning sparserepresentation is put forward. Improved K-means cluster and Fisher discriminationdictionary learningis implemented on thetraining setgenerated by extracting HOG features of normalized expression image.Facial expression classification is conducted by thesparse representation with weighted residuals. Experimental results on the Cohn-Kanade databaseshow that this method is lower time-consumingand more accurate for similar facial expression classification than other facial expression classification methods.
Modeling And Simulation Of Difg Unit With Stator Inter-Turn Fault, Boqiang Xu, Liling Sun, Wenjuan Du
Modeling And Simulation Of Difg Unit With Stator Inter-Turn Fault, Boqiang Xu, Liling Sun, Wenjuan Du
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The mathematical model of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) with stator inter-turn fault, which presents itself as standard form state space equation, is deduced and established, for the first time. The corresponding simulation model, i.e. Matlab S-function block is developed and embedded in a Matlab built-in routine simulating DFIG unit comprising wind turbine, converter, related mechanical/electrical control and DFIG. The simulation model of DFIG unit with stator inter-turn fault is established, which is a beneficial extension of Matlab simulation. The stability of DFIG unit under the healthy and faulty conditions is analyzed by using simulation. The results show …
Research And Application Of Damage Development Of Rock Mass With Complex Structure Under Horizontal Offset, Tiejun Cui, Shasha Li, Yundong Ma, Laigui Wang
Research And Application Of Damage Development Of Rock Mass With Complex Structure Under Horizontal Offset, Tiejun Cui, Shasha Li, Yundong Ma, Laigui Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to understand the stress and strain of the complex overlying strata with horizontal offset in service time of mining, the model of the overburden mining regions is created by PFM with the simulation platform of PFC3D. The overlying strata contains five layers including intrusive igneous rock, of which the bottom rock has anticline and syncline structure due to tectonic stress. The stress and strain characteristics of the five layers of rock mass are analyzed. Studies show that it takes the compressive stress 379 years to penetrate the overlying strata. The strongest penetrate path of the compressive stress …
Method Of Power System Energy Storage Configuration Based On Flexibility Promotion, Weiqing Sun, Li Zhen, Yiming Tan, Fenglei Lü, Wenping Qiu, Hongzhong Li
Method Of Power System Energy Storage Configuration Based On Flexibility Promotion, Weiqing Sun, Li Zhen, Yiming Tan, Fenglei Lü, Wenping Qiu, Hongzhong Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the problem of renewable energy access and aiming at system’s response capability to short-term uncertainty, power system flexibility and its evaluation index are defined. A method of energy storage configuration based on flexibility evaluation is proposed. The uncertainty from power supply is analyzed. Aiming at the uncertainty of renewable energy, a source flexibility evaluation index is defined. The principle and method of energy storage configuration are presented from the aspect of siting and sizing. The energy storage configuration model is created and solved considering both the system flexibility requirements and energy storage costs based on the …