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Articles 3691 - 3720 of 4159
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
System Simulation Study On Influences Of Oil Price, Policy And Public Opinion On Travel, Yijun Liu, Mengwei Li, Lian Ying
System Simulation Study On Influences Of Oil Price, Policy And Public Opinion On Travel, Yijun Liu, Mengwei Li, Lian Ying
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization, environmental problems such as traffic congestion and automobile exhaust pollution have received widespread attention, which made it of great significance to rationally adjust and guide people to choose green travel modes to optimize the structure of consumer travel. By constructing agent-based binary and ternary consumer driving state simulation models, three measures that may affect the consumer travel, namely, oil price regulation, policy intervention and public opinion guidance are researched, in order to explore the most influential measures, and how the three measures are more suitable for guiding healthy travel and optimizing urban road conditions, …
Domain Decomposition Based Sph Parallel Computing Method Study And Its Application, Chen Hong, Huang Jie, Li Yi, Liu Sen
Domain Decomposition Based Sph Parallel Computing Method Study And Its Application, Chen Hong, Huang Jie, Li Yi, Liu Sen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve the speed and the capability of large scale simulation of SPH (Smoothed particle hydrodynamics), a parallel SPH method based on dynamic domain decomposition is developed. The decomposition of arbitrary numbers of subdomains is achieved by adopting dimension based factorable method. Rapid parallel cut plane search is achieved by adopting bisection method. The data communication between compute nodes is reduced by improving the subdomain assignment. A parallel SPH program was developed based on this method, with which the process of projectile hypervelocity impacting thin plate producing debris cloud was simulated. The result shows that: the method is …
Tracking Control Method Of Autonomous Dynamic Collision Avoidance For Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Yunsheng Fan, Xiaojie Sun, Guofeng Wang, Guo Chen
Tracking Control Method Of Autonomous Dynamic Collision Avoidance For Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Yunsheng Fan, Xiaojie Sun, Guofeng Wang, Guo Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the dynamic tracking control of autonomous avoidance problem of the "Lanxin" Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) in the unknown ocean environment, by combining the unknown dynamic collision avoidance path planning and tracking control, a dynamic tracking control of autonomous avoidance method in the unknown ocean environment is presented. In this method, in consideration of the unknown ocean environment and real time dynamic obstacle avoidance, using a dynamic obstacle avoidance algorithm based on the velocity decomposition, a dynamic autonomous avoidance controller based on USV experimental platform is designed. Simulation results show that the method is effective and accurate, …
Variable Step-Size Constrained Total Least Squares Algorithm For Space Registration, Jiaqiang Li, Chunyan Zhao, Jinli Chen, Ronghua Zhao, Yanping Zhu
Variable Step-Size Constrained Total Least Squares Algorithm For Space Registration, Jiaqiang Li, Chunyan Zhao, Jinli Chen, Ronghua Zhao, Yanping Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the problem of location inaccuracy caused by abnormal error registration, a variable step-size constrained total least squares algorithm is presented. By building a nonlinear function relationship between step size and steps, algorithm step size is relatively large in initial stage and is very small during steady state. So this algorithm can achieve faster convergence rate and smaller steady-state imbalance noise at the same time. This algorithm reduces the convergence steps and improves the stability after convergence. Therefore this algorithm reduces the impact of abnormal error registration on location result. Meanwhile, this algorithm also makes location result more …
Design And Characteristic Analysis Of Floating Flux-Controlled Meminductor Emulator, Yang Ling, Shi Ying, Bingmeng Hu, Chen Lu, Su Jing
Design And Characteristic Analysis Of Floating Flux-Controlled Meminductor Emulator, Yang Ling, Shi Ying, Bingmeng Hu, Chen Lu, Su Jing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A mathematical model of a flux-controlled meminductoris proposed, which is directly from the definition. A practical floating flux-controlled meminductor emulator is implemented with common off-the-shelf components based on the model, which does not contain any memristor.In the different signals and parameters, the system-level circuit simulation experiments are presented by Matlab and Multisim simulation platform.The implementation of hardware circuit and the results of performance tests are presented. Software simulation and hardware test results show that the flux-current relation of the equivalent meminductor typically behaves as a pinched hysteresis loop characteristic and depends on the frequencies and amplitudes …
Spatial Target Localization Using Fuzzy Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter, Haoshen Lin, Xiaojun Yang, He Bing
Spatial Target Localization Using Fuzzy Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter, Haoshen Lin, Xiaojun Yang, He Bing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The tracking of spatial target based on bearing-only measurements belongs to the nonlinear model of serious. Uncertain statistical characteristics of noise, which is caused by complex space environment, leads to reduced accuracy of traditional methods. The fuzzy square-root cubature Kalman filter was presented (FS-CKF) by introducing the thought of fuzzy in square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF). The algorithm which uses trapezoid subordinate function to describe noise gets rid of the limitations of traditional methods and broadens the range of SCKF. The result of simulation shows that the convergence speed of FS-CKF was 32.52% and 18.28% faster than SCKF …
12-Dimensional Zero Velocity State Updating Intelligent Algorithm For Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, Hengzhi Liu, Li Qing
12-Dimensional Zero Velocity State Updating Intelligent Algorithm For Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, Hengzhi Liu, Li Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For wearable pedestrian strapdown inertial navigation and location devices, the different devices need different pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) parameters, and the parameters are not such the optimal value that it affects the accuracy. A self-pedestrian navigation and location method based on the 12-dimensional zero-velocity state update intelligent algorithm is proposed, in which three dimensional errors of velocity, angular speed, location and geomagnetism are introduced as the system observations and an intelligent estimator which is formed by the support vector machine (SVM) and Kalman filter is established to estimate the system state error, and therefore the system accuracy is improved. …
Flower Pollination Algorithm For Multi-Objective Fuzzy Flexible Job Shop Scheduling, Wenhao Xu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Flower Pollination Algorithm For Multi-Objective Fuzzy Flexible Job Shop Scheduling, Wenhao Xu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the uncertainty of parameters during flexible industrial process in the manufacturing workshops, a model of multi-objective fuzzy flexible job shop scheduling is established. To solve this model, the processing time, processing cost and material cost are described by triangular fuzzy numbers to minimize the makespan and production cost. An adaptive discrete flower pollination algorithm (ADMOFPA) is proposed. A discrete operator is utilized in the algorithm to discretize the solutions at the initialization period. To enhance the global exploration and local exploitation ability of ADMOFPA, an adaptive mutation operator is adopted. By simulating the instance of one …
Micro Modeling And Simulation Of Bi-Directional Pedestrian Flows Crossing Bottleneck, Li Yue, Renyong Guo, Chen Liang, Jingdong Li
Micro Modeling And Simulation Of Bi-Directional Pedestrian Flows Crossing Bottleneck, Li Yue, Renyong Guo, Chen Liang, Jingdong Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An improved bi-directional pedestrian model based on reciprocal velocity obstacles (RVO) is proposed to investigate self-organization phenomena for bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottlenecks, and the influencing factors of pedestrian flow are analyzed. According to the RVO model problem, an improved method is constructed. The model of bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottleneck in subways based on Unity 3D is established. Based on this improved model, the bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottleneck in subways is simulated. Simulation results indicate that the model can veritably simulate self-organization phenomena for bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottlenecks in subways and pedestrians flow is an increasing …
Variable Sampling Period Scheduling Algorithm Based On Grey Neural Networks With Resource-Constrained System, Weiguo Shi, Wang Li, Shao Cheng
Variable Sampling Period Scheduling Algorithm Based On Grey Neural Networks With Resource-Constrained System, Weiguo Shi, Wang Li, Shao Cheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering networked control system of the limited resources, a kind of variable sampling period scheduling algorithm based on grey-RBF-neural-network prediction network bandwidth is proposed. According to the history and current network bandwidth values of monitoring period, the original time series of different lengths are built, and the grey prediction method is used to get different grey prediction data; the grey prediction data as the input of the RBF neural network are used to realize secondary prediction for network bandwidth, which ensures that prediction data can reflect the actual situation of the network; the absolute error integral parameter is used …
Group Consensus Of Multi-Agent Networks With Multiple Time Delays, Lianghao Ji, Xinyue Zhao
Group Consensus Of Multi-Agent Networks With Multiple Time Delays, Lianghao Ji, Xinyue Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The group consensus problems for first-order and second-order multi-agent networks with multiple time delays are investigated respectively. Based on the theory of frequency-domain, some algebraic criteria are analytically proposed, which can guarantee the achievement of group consensus. The results show that the input time delays, the coupling weights and the coupling strengths between the agents play key roles in reaching group consensus, whereas communication time delays can only affect the convergence rate of the systems. The validity of the results is verified by several simulated examples.
Progress Of Quantum Information System And Its Scale Model Test, Miao Qiang, Dewei Wu
Progress Of Quantum Information System And Its Scale Model Test, Miao Qiang, Dewei Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the free-space quantum information technology application fields, such as the quantum communication system, the quantum positioning/navigation system and the quantum radar system, the non-ideal channel environment can cause quantum fading effect to destroy the availability of the whole quantum system. The development of the channel fading experiment of the quantum information transmission system was summarized and analyzed. The scale model experiment idea of the free-space quantum transmission system was put forward: the whole free-space quantum transmission system including the channel environmentwas reduced in size with a big scale factor to establish a scale model system; the operational principle, …
Research And Implementation Of Antisubmarine Combatvisual Simulation System, Zhang Xin, Gao Yan, Zhang Jian, Changbo Wang
Research And Implementation Of Antisubmarine Combatvisual Simulation System, Zhang Xin, Gao Yan, Zhang Jian, Changbo Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper constructs visual simulation framework of antisubmarine combat. The sea surface mesh was modeled using projected grid and FFT technologies. Both the sea surface and undersea are finely rendered. The submarine fine rendering algorithm was implemented by considering refraction, Fresnel reflection, Godray and underwater fog effect and using Shader technology, so as to build a realistic battlefield environment. The method of interpolation processing for data in WGS84 coordinates of latitude and longitude through local area network was proposed; the displacement interpolation and rotation interpolation were implemented by calculating the ratio between the current timestamp and both before and …
Infrared Scene Generation Technology Based On Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Of Mos Resistance Arrays, Shanjun Tang, Minmin Song, Biyun Wang, Zhang Yu
Infrared Scene Generation Technology Based On Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Of Mos Resistance Arrays, Shanjun Tang, Minmin Song, Biyun Wang, Zhang Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To simulate the dynamic infrared scene of infrared guided missile in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation, the researches on the modeling of the target, background and flare and the simulation using MOS resistance arrays are carried out. The infrared countermeasure scene which is applicable to the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is generated by the modeling software, and the infrared radiation model and motion model of the typical target, background and flare are established. The models are verified and corrected by the investigated data of the current main fighters and their infrared flares. The dynamic infrared scene is simulated according to the infrared scene …
Modeling And Simulation On Delay Of Central Heating System For Temperature Prediction, Sun Tao, Shaoxiong Ji
Modeling And Simulation On Delay Of Central Heating System For Temperature Prediction, Sun Tao, Shaoxiong Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Heating prediction is essential for energy saving. However, it is difficult to some extent because the central heating system (CHS) is nonlinear with large-scaled delay and other characteristics. Based on physical laws of the CHS, a novel model combining pruning algorithm with the least mean square is proposed to solve the problem of delay and predict the temperature. The model with the delay taking into consideration conforms to the law of thermal transmission. The pruning algorithm lowers the computational complexity. Simulations using gradient descent least squared regression (LSR), support vector machine (SVM), least-squared support vector machine (LS-SVM) …
Decision-Making Simulation Of Farmers’ Safe Production Behavior, Cui Li, Liping Luo
Decision-Making Simulation Of Farmers’ Safe Production Behavior, Cui Li, Liping Luo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Farmers' production behavior is the source of quality and safety of agricultural products,and the primary task to control the quality and safety of agricultural products is to research the factors affecting farmers’ behavior for safe production. We explored the factors influencing farmers’ decision-making for safe production behavior based on the theory of planned behavior and established the model of farmers' decision-making for safe production behavior based on cost-benefit theory. The model which was simulated and analyzed revealed the specific impact on farmers' safe production behavior decision from every influence factor in the quantitative point of view. Results …
Simulation Of Two Stages-Variant Growth Evolution Model Of High-Speed Railway And Civil Aviation Compound Network, Xu Feng, Jinfu Zhu, Jianjun Miao, Rongrong Ding
Simulation Of Two Stages-Variant Growth Evolution Model Of High-Speed Railway And Civil Aviation Compound Network, Xu Feng, Jinfu Zhu, Jianjun Miao, Rongrong Ding
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Combining the special evolving characteristics of the high-speed railway and civil aviation compound network, an evolution model which has two stages with variant growth mechanism and variable parameters is constructed, and the rationality of the model is verified through mathematical simulation. The model divides the evolutionary process into two stages: the stage of single-point growth pattern, and the stage of variant and alternant growth pattern. The probability of two sub-networks’ random and commutative growth could be controlled by changing the parameters’ values, and then the evolving rhythm and scale of the compound network could be adjusted. The simulation results …
Real-Time Pricing Strategy Considering The Risk Of Smart Grid, Hongbo Zhu, Gao Yan, Yeming Dai
Real-Time Pricing Strategy Considering The Risk Of Smart Grid, Hongbo Zhu, Gao Yan, Yeming Dai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The real-time electricity price mechanism is an ideal method to adjust the power balance between supply and demand in smart grid. Its implementation has profound impacts on the users' behavior and the operation and management of electricity power grid’s safety. The users’ demand behavior plays a regulatory role in designing real-time electricity pricing strategy. Aiming at maximizing social welfare, the dynamic change of users’ aggregate demand is analyzed, which corrects the electricity risk items in online real-time risk model in the way of changing the individual user’s power fluctuations to all the users’ demand power fluctuations, and the optimization …
Vibration Performance Prediction And Reliability Analysis For Bearings, Xintao Xia, Chang Zhen, Yunfei Li
Vibration Performance Prediction And Reliability Analysis For Bearings, Xintao Xia, Chang Zhen, Yunfei Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The bearing vibration signal contains a large amount of information involved in degradation of spindle system. The adding-weight one-rank local-region method is used to predict the vibration time series for bearing, and the forecasting error can be obtained by comparing and analyzing the prediction values with the actual values so as to verify the feasibility of the model. The prediction results of the future state for the bearing are processed by grey bootstrap method, and the vibration thresholds are given by the requirements of the spindle system on the bearing vibration performance. The performance reliability prediction of the bearing …
Modeling And Simulation Of Pid Networked Control Systems Based On Neural Network, Zhanzhi Qiu, Shifeng Li
Modeling And Simulation Of Pid Networked Control Systems Based On Neural Network, Zhanzhi Qiu, Shifeng Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the problems of the delay compensation and PID parameters tuning of networked control systems, a class of rapid PID networked control systems based on improved BP network was proposed. Considering the problems of obtaining hidden layer nodes number and local optimum of the BP network delay prediction model, a calculation method was proposed to obtain hidden layer nodes number, and an improved genetic algorithm was proposed to train the BP network. Considering the problems of integral saturation, parameters tuning and model mismatch of the PID network control systems, a PID parameter adjuster was designed based on …
L2-Gain Robust Control For Flexible Joints And Flexible Link Space Robot, Lijiao Zhang, Chen Li
L2-Gain Robust Control For Flexible Joints And Flexible Link Space Robot, Lijiao Zhang, Chen Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The trajectory tracking and the double flexible vibration active suppression control for free-floating space robot with flexible-joints and flexible-link were proposed. The dynamic equation of the system was established according to system’s momentum conservation and Lagrange method. A singular perturbation model was established by integral manifold method, and the system was decomposed into a fast subsystem of flexible-joint which used the speed difference between the feedbacks of control law to suppress the elastic vibration of flexible-joints, a fast subsystemof flexible-link which designed optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to damp out the vibration of the flexible manipulator and …
Pmsm Parameter Identification Using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization With Levy Flight, Jinbao Chen, Li Jie, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Pmsm Parameter Identification Using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization With Levy Flight, Jinbao Chen, Li Jie, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: High precision parameters are the key for permanent magnet synchronous motor to realize high performance control. To overcome the shortages of slow speed and low identification accuracy in traditional identification methods, a novel teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm with Levy flight is proposed to identify the PMSM parameters. The algorithm introduces adaptive teaching factor and self-learning strategy to improve the convergence speed. As for learning phase, a Levy flight stochastic process is introduced to improve the optimization strategy so that the algorithm can enhance the ability to keep the balance between exploration and exploitation. The simulation results show that the novel …
Improved Bp Neural Network Of Heat Load Forecasting Based On Temperature And Date Type, Li Qi, Zhao Feng
Improved Bp Neural Network Of Heat Load Forecasting Based On Temperature And Date Type, Li Qi, Zhao Feng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The heat load forecasting provides data support for urban district heating systems, which is the basis of need-based heating. The change of heat load is greatly influenced by various exterior factors, especially the outdoor temperature. To meet demand of heating system, save energy and balance the comfort of human body, a kind of improved BP neural network method is proposed by temperature and date type. The temperature and date type are quantified and the heat load forecasting model is established by using BP neural network. To guarantee prediction accuracy, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the weights and …
Simulation And Experimental Research On Real-Time Nurbs Interpolator For Industrial Robot, Zhang Tie, Wentao Gong, Yanbiao Zou
Simulation And Experimental Research On Real-Time Nurbs Interpolator For Industrial Robot, Zhang Tie, Wentao Gong, Yanbiao Zou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A real-time non uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) path interpolator with look-ahead algorithm for six-axis industrial robot is investigated. The algorithm consists of two modules: the global interpolation of the NURBS, and the look-ahead interpolator. The parametric equation of NURBS is built based on the parameter u and v, and the smooth NURBS curve is achieved from several teaching points. The velocity constraint equations are introduced initially based on chord error and centripetal acceleration, and the look-ahead velocity plan and the interpolator are investigated. The current strategy is compared with the trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration interpolator in a real-time controller …
Finite Element Analysis Of Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection For Transverse Cracks Of Sucker Rod, Zhang Ou, Xueye Wei, Wang Pei, Shuxin Yan
Finite Element Analysis Of Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection For Transverse Cracks Of Sucker Rod, Zhang Ou, Xueye Wei, Wang Pei, Shuxin Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The modeling and testing technology of the surface transverse cracks of complex defecting for sucker rod were studied, and a finite element simulation model of rod transverse defects was built. The magnetic flux leakage testing simulation was carried out by using ANSYS software, and the changing trend between the lift-off value and the leakage magnetic field was obtained. Two kinds of different magnetization modes of single coil and double coils were analyzed, and the result showed that the double coils magnetization is superior to single coil magnetization. The two dimensional and three dimensional magnetic flux leakage testing …
Counterforce Characteristics Of Shrapnel In Magnetic Latching Relay Based On Abaqus, Xiuping Su, Jiaying Dong, Yanhua Qiao, Huang Min
Counterforce Characteristics Of Shrapnel In Magnetic Latching Relay Based On Abaqus, Xiuping Su, Jiaying Dong, Yanhua Qiao, Huang Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A 3D model of contact system in magnetic latching relay was established by the software Pro/E, and the shrapnel deformation by force was analyzed in the contact system using finite element analysis software Abaqus. The advantages of Abaqus software in the multibody system simulation were analyzed and summarized, a modeling and simulation approach to contact multibody system in magnetic latching relay based on Abaqus was proposed. The selection of element type, technology of mesh division, definition of boundary condition, and establishment of finite element model were studied. The non-convergence problems were solved in the simulation analysis by adding binding …
Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Improved Cooperative Pso Neural Network, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Improved Cooperative Pso Neural Network, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To correctly evaluate the energy needs of the aircraft cabin and to predict the energy consumption of the aircraft cabin with higher accuracy, an energy consumption prediction method based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) neural network algorithm parameters is proposed. The method combines the cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm with chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm. On the basis of cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm chaos theory is introduced. Continuous search ability by using chaos optimization method to overcome the collaborative optimization algorithm is easy to fall into the local extremum problem. The parameters of the neural network can …
Ultra-Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting Based On Ceemd And Chaos Theory, Lijie Wang, Zhang Li, Zhang Yan
Ultra-Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting Based On Ceemd And Chaos Theory, Lijie Wang, Zhang Li, Zhang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper studies the ultra-short-term prediction of wind power generating capacity by means of CEEMD and chaos theory. Wind power time series is decomposed by CEEMD to decrease the non-stationary of time series. CEEMD can overcome the modal aliasing problem of EMD. The phase space reconstruction method is used to extract characteristics of each sequence, which provides the basis for the selection of input dimension when building a model. The least squares support vector machine models are built for each sequence and the prediction are made separately. The predicted results are added to get the final prediction. Simulation is …
Simulation Study On Cutting Force Of Sicp /Al Composite, Jinfeng Wang, Jiulan Zhao, Kaiyu Chu
Simulation Study On Cutting Force Of Sicp /Al Composite, Jinfeng Wang, Jiulan Zhao, Kaiyu Chu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper studies the formation mechanism of cutting force of SiCp / Al composite based on the processing parameters from the turning experiment, and explains the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force of SiCp/Al composite such as cutting speed and cutting depth. To further investigate the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force, this paper conducts cutting force simulation of SiCp/Al composite based on ABAQUS, and verifies the accuracy and feasibility of the simulation by comparing with turning experimental results. The S/N ratio and variance of cutting force are analyzed using Taguchi methods. The results show that …
Comparative Study Of Photovoltaic Islanding Detection Based On Sms And Afd, Yunjun Yu, Guoying Zhong, Ruixiang Fan, Qingzhao Ji, Jianyong Zhu
Comparative Study Of Photovoltaic Islanding Detection Based On Sms And Afd, Yunjun Yu, Guoying Zhong, Ruixiang Fan, Qingzhao Ji, Jianyong Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are many islanding detection methods, especially the active islanding detection method. It is difficult to choose the best method among so many active islanding detection methods in practice. In this paper, the non-detection zone (NDZ), detection speed and their effect to power quality of slide-mode frequency shift (SMS) method and active frequency drift (AFD) were researched. The results show that SMS is superior to AFD at the aspect of the effect on power quality when they have same NDZ. While the detection speed of SMS has big difference under different parameters. The Islanding detection model was built …