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Articles 3601 - 3630 of 4223

Full-Text Articles in Systems Science

Air Defense Fire Distribution Based On Cloud-Genetic Algorithm, Lei Ming, Bin Xie Jan 2019

Air Defense Fire Distribution Based On Cloud-Genetic Algorithm, Lei Ming, Bin Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Air defense fire distribution is a critical problem in the researches on air defense operation. This paper builds a fire distribution model with the maximization of strike as its optimization objective, and proposes a cloud model-based modified genetic algorithm based on the advantageous characteristics of cloud model in combination of genetic algorithm, which not only accelerates the rate of convergence and increases search efficiency of the original algorithm, but also preferably avoids the problems of local optimum and premature convergence. Simulation experiments have verified the feasibility of the modified algorithm.

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Hydrodynamic Characteristics Study Of Expendable Probe At Multi Cross Flow And Multi Attack Angle, Zhentao Chen, Liu Feng, Xiaolei Wang, Ye Song Jan 2019

Hydrodynamic Characteristics Study Of Expendable Probe At Multi Cross Flow And Multi Attack Angle, Zhentao Chen, Liu Feng, Xiaolei Wang, Ye Song

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The cross flow and attack angle are the two main influencing factors in the process of expendable probe releasing and sinking. The numerical simulation model is developed based on the hybrid grid and $k-\varepsilon$ turbulent model, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of five cross flows and five attack angles are analyzed. The results show that the drag coefficient of the probe in the horizontal direction increases gradually, while the drag coefficient of the probe in the vertical direction increases slowly with the increase of the cross flow. The drag coefficient in the horizontal direction increases gradually with the increase of …

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Optimization Of Frictionless Cylinder-Structure Based On Pso, Liu Yu, Gouxin Zhao Jan 2019

Optimization Of Frictionless Cylinder-Structure Based On Pso, Liu Yu, Gouxin Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aerostatic frictionless cylinder is the critical component of pneumatic gravity compensation device, the key of its design is to take all related factors into consideration for optimum performance. To optimize the structure of aerostatic frictionless cylinder, the optimal parameters in the cylinder are proposed, which maximizes the bearing capacity in radial direction and keeps the leakage at a relatively low level. Through analyzing the structure of the aerostatic frictionless cylinder, a mathematic model of the aerostatic frictionless cylinder is deduced. Based on simulations, the relationship during the structural parameters, the bearing capacity and the leakage is acquired. It is …

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Design Of Imu/Gps-Based Seamless Location System For Android, Sun Wei, Wang Ye, Ruibao Li, Yang Dan Jan 2019

Design Of Imu/Gps-Based Seamless Location System For Android, Sun Wei, Wang Ye, Ruibao Li, Yang Dan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The method of seamless combination of IMU and GPS module based on Android mobile terminal is researched and implemented, and the design scheme and experimental results are given. When the GPS signal is missing, the gait detection, heading calculation and track estimation can be carried out by using the IMU inertial sensor which is inherent in the mobile terminal to complete the seamless positioning. Based on the Android system and the open platform of Baidu map, the algorithm implementation and human-computer interaction can be completed in the mobile terminal. The test results show that the relative error of the …

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Event-Triggered Scheme And Co-Design Of $H_{\Infty}$ Control In Networked Control System, Jingqi Fu, Wu Jie, Weili Shen Jan 2019

Event-Triggered Scheme And Co-Design Of $H_{\Infty}$ Control In Networked Control System, Jingqi Fu, Wu Jie, Weili Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since the wireless network time-varying delay and communication channel bandwidth have great effects on networked control systems(NCSs), this paper studies an event-triggered scheme and a $H_{\infty}$control co-design method. Initially, a delay mathematic model of NCSs is constructed. In consideration of wireless network time-varying delay between event generator and zero order holder, this paper designs an improved event-triggered communication scheme. Furthermore, by applying a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and linear matrix inequality method, a criterion for the delay-independent $H_{\infty}$ stabilization is derived, and the co-design method for gaining the trigger parameters and state feedback $H_{\infty}$ control is …

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An Improved Algorithm Of Vire Based On Bp Neural Network, Hongshan Kong, Bin Yu Jan 2019

An Improved Algorithm Of Vire Based On Bp Neural Network, Hongshan Kong, Bin Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aimed at the problem that the proper threshold affects the accuracy of positioning in VIRE algorithm, a RFID positioning method combining BP neural networks with VIRE algorithm is presented and is named BP-VIRE. BP-VIRE utilizes the same reader’s configuration and deployment as that of VIRE, and regards referenced tag RSSI and coordinate values as training samples, and constructs the positioning model based on neural networks with the help of BP algorithm which uses the method of error back propagation. According to the simulation results, compared with VIRE, BP-VIRE performance is better in the capability of positioning, esp. in the …

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Simulation Of Automated Terminal With Dual-Rail Transport Trolley And Hollow Track Layout, Pengfei Zhou, Xiaowei Xing Jan 2019

Simulation Of Automated Terminal With Dual-Rail Transport Trolley And Hollow Track Layout, Pengfei Zhou, Xiaowei Xing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Container terminals with dual-rail transport trolley and hollow track layout (CTTH) are novel concept, for which a simulation model is developed with stochastic Petri nets. The simulation realization is discussed using Plant Simulation platform. A CTTH simulation system is developed to analyze its operational efficiency and parameter effects. Experiments show that CTTHs are more efficient than container terminals with automated RMGs. The study findings are helpful reference for the simulation models of automated container terminal and CTTH developments.

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Finite Element Numerical Simulation Of Pre-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beam, Jiaquan Wu, Hongyan Li, Ye Fei, Xinyu Zhang, Kun Ma Jan 2019

Finite Element Numerical Simulation Of Pre-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beam, Jiaquan Wu, Hongyan Li, Ye Fei, Xinyu Zhang, Kun Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the theory of model analysis, the general variation of model parameters, such as the structure natural frequency, displacement mode, curvature mode and strain mode etc.model of reinforced concrete beams with different damage locations and different damage states are reversely studied by finite element numerical simulation with the pre-damaged reinforced concrete beam structure as the research object, model and the aptability, sensitivity in the reinforced concrete structure damage identification are discussed. The results show that the frequency and displacement mode can not effectively reflect the existence of structural damage, but curvature mode and strain mode can reflect the …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Initial Loading Balls And Replenishing Balls Of The Duplex Inlet & Outlet Coal Mill, Junjie Gu, Yukun Wang, Zhizhong Bai Jan 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Initial Loading Balls And Replenishing Balls Of The Duplex Inlet & Outlet Coal Mill, Junjie Gu, Yukun Wang, Zhizhong Bai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problems of excess of abrasion of steel balls and high power consumption used for grinding of the duplex inlet & outlet coal mill, a method that can calculate the initial balls loading, the period and quantity of adding balls for the mill is presented on the basis of building up the models of steal balls’ abrasion and motion. Setting #E coal mill as example, period and quantity of adding balls are confirmed accurately in consideration of variation of power, the maximum capacity and fineness of coal powder, compensatory quantity of each grade of balls are also …

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Blind Equalization Algorithm Of Variable Segment Error Function Based On Catfish Effect Particle Swarm Optimization, Yecai Guo, Jiping Wu Jan 2019

Blind Equalization Algorithm Of Variable Segment Error Function Based On Catfish Effect Particle Swarm Optimization, Yecai Guo, Jiping Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to overcome the disadvantage of the slow convergence rate and big steady state error of constant modulus algorithm (CMA), a variable segment error constant modulus blind equalization algorithm based on the catfish effect particle swarm optimization algorithm (CEPSO-VSCMA) is proposed. The algorithm introduces catfish effect particle swarm optimization on the base of VSCMA, finding the globally optimal solution with the global searching of particle swarm. Meanwhile, vibrant and competitive catfish individual are employed to reactivate particle swarm and accelerate convergence. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in improving convergence rate, decreasing inter-symbol …

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Modeling And Simulation On Entities’ Belief In Cyberspace, Jiuyang Tao, Wu Lin, Xiaoyuan He, Rong Ming Jan 2019

Modeling And Simulation On Entities’ Belief In Cyberspace, Jiuyang Tao, Wu Lin, Xiaoyuan He, Rong Ming

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Of all cyber-attacks, 'fabrication' which is aimed at impacting one’s awareness is becoming the common means, so it is of great importance to explore ways so as to defend such attacks. An attack can success or not always rely on the entities’ belief of certain events. In this paper, two different ways of 'fabrication' attack are put forward, and three essential conditions for 'fabrication' attack are analyzed. Second, a cyberspace belief model in terms of the Dempster-Shafer framework based on situation awareness theory is built to study the evolution of the cyber entities’ belief under the 'fabrication' attack. In …

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Design Of Remote Medical Care Service Robot System, Yulin Xu, Chen Ling, Li Xin, Aolei Yang, Yanran Long, Chunli Zhu, Yanbo Liu, Yuzhang Jin Jan 2019

Design Of Remote Medical Care Service Robot System, Yulin Xu, Chen Ling, Li Xin, Aolei Yang, Yanran Long, Chunli Zhu, Yanbo Liu, Yuzhang Jin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper introduces a service robot system for remote medical inspection. The robot is developed with the following functions: it is able to navigate in working area autonomously and be controlled remotely by doctors through a handheld terminal device; it is able to follow a fixed target such as nurses and doctors to reach any area; it has a touch-control interactive interface which can realize remote audio and video interaction between doctors and patients; it is embedded with portable type-B ultrasonic device, sphygmomanometer and thermometer for doctors to obtain physiological data of patients. With the above-mentioned functions, the robot …

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Intelligent Diagnosis Of Aircraft Electrical Faults Based On Rmbp Neural Network, Lishan Jia, Zhe Liu, Sun Yi Jan 2019

Intelligent Diagnosis Of Aircraft Electrical Faults Based On Rmbp Neural Network, Lishan Jia, Zhe Liu, Sun Yi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To the characteristics of multiple properties, hard to remove and high cost of time and manpower of aircraft electrical faults maintenance in aircraft maintenance of civil aviation, construction of intelligent aircraft electrical faults diagnosis system using RMBP neural network is proposed. RMBP algorithm is used to study sample data in the intelligent faults diagnosis system as it can overcome the faults of long time of convergence and easy to go into local minima of common BP algorithm, and is suitable for training large-scale neural network,. Experience data are collected, samples are made, samples training and experiment are carried out. …

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Complex Network Modeling And Visualization Analysis For Ocean Observation Data, Sun Xin, Zhenhua Li, Junyu Dong, Xinyan Luo, Yuting Yang Jan 2019

Complex Network Modeling And Visualization Analysis For Ocean Observation Data, Sun Xin, Zhenhua Li, Junyu Dong, Xinyan Luo, Yuting Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Ocean data analysis is one of the important foundations in marine science research. Analysis on the sea surface temperature based on complex network theory helps explore the marine dynamics in a new perspective. The ocean is divided into grids, and the annual average of the sea surface temperature is calculated to reflect the properties of the corresponding grid area. The mutual information and the Pearson correlation coefficient are used to measure the similarity between different areas. The nonlinear and linear complex network models which reflect the station of the global marine climate can be built. Finally some popular measures …

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Virtual-Reality Video Fusion System Based On Video Model, Zhou Yi, Meng Ming, Wu Wei, Zhou Zhong Jan 2019

Virtual-Reality Video Fusion System Based On Video Model, Zhou Yi, Meng Ming, Wu Wei, Zhou Zhong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The aim of virtual reality integration is to reduce the visual difference of virtual object and real video image. However, it still has several problems, including heavy imagery distortion when the user deviates from the source viewport, and huge modeling cost of virtual scene. For these issues, this paper proposes a novel virtual-reality video fusion system based on video model. We firstly introduce how we register and build video model with interactive operations, then present the fusion method of video and virtual scenes. On the design and implementation stage, we introduce the architecture of our system. Finally, we …

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3d Wireframe Model Encryption Based On Chaos, Zhao Geng, Shuyun Zhu, Jin Xin, Xiaodong Li, Hongbo Sun, Zhili Xu, Yin Sui, Zhaohui Tian, Sun Nan Jan 2019

3d Wireframe Model Encryption Based On Chaos, Zhao Geng, Shuyun Zhu, Jin Xin, Xiaodong Li, Hongbo Sun, Zhili Xu, Yin Sui, Zhaohui Tian, Sun Nan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the rapid growth of graphics data in the network environment, the security of graphics data has become a new challenge of network security that needs to be solved urgently. Encryption of 3D models is also urgent. In this paper, an encryption scheme for 3D wireframe model is proposed by using chaos mapping. The method is divided into two parts: confusion and diffuse. A random invertible matrix is generated by using logical mapping to spread the points. The side is scrambled by Arnold's cat map, then the encrypted vertices and polygons are combined to form the final encrypted 3D …

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Design Of Aircraft Engine Adaptive Model Based On Improved Strong Tracking Filter, Xizhong Yang, Jianliang Ai Jan 2019

Design Of Aircraft Engine Adaptive Model Based On Improved Strong Tracking Filter, Xizhong Yang, Jianliang Ai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Due to deterioration under real working condition, the aircraft engine performance parameters of benchmark model don’t match the real engine. This problem was studied based on in-flight engine nonlinear real-time performance model considering the practical engineering application. Immeasurable health parameters were estimated from measurable sensor parameters by UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter) and STUKF (Strong Tracking UKF). The engine adaptive model was established through modifying the benchmark model’s performance parameters in Simulink. A method of improved STUKF was proposed. Simulation results showed that the precision of engine adaptive model was greatly increased which satisfied real-time and robustness requirements in dynamic …

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Area And Centerline Distribution On Stealth Design Of S-Shaped Inlet, Le Zhang, Zhou Zhou, Xiaoping Xu Jan 2019

Area And Centerline Distribution On Stealth Design Of S-Shaped Inlet, Le Zhang, Zhou Zhou, Xiaoping Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the conformal inlet’s size requirement of flying wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), s-shaped inlets are designed with super-ellipse equation, and they are also designed in three typical centerline and area distributions of “beginning fast and end slow”, “beginning and end the same”, and “beginning slow and end fast”. The numerical simulation is verified on electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the inlet with straight cavity based on multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM), and the stealth analysis is also carried out. And then the mechanism is analyzed combining with electric current distribution. Results indicate that with the inlet terminator open, …

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Real-Time Collision Detection Of Coastline In Navigation Simulator, Qianfeng Jing, Helong Shen, Yin Yong, Xiuwen Liu Jan 2019

Real-Time Collision Detection Of Coastline In Navigation Simulator, Qianfeng Jing, Helong Shen, Yin Yong, Xiuwen Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to develop real-time collision detection module of coastline in navigation simulator, a mesh preprocessing method for coastline data is applied. The principle of meshing is established and the coastline data is meshed based on the clipping algorithm. The mesh data is stored into an appropriate data structure. The collision detection algorithm and test program are developed based on Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC). The ship contour points and the mesh expansion method are applied to avoid error in special cases which could also improve the accuracy of collision detection. The results show that the method reduces much time …

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Mesh Morphing Process For Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation, Jinfang Li, Rifu Li, Hanwu He, Junlong Xu, Jiayuan Liu, Li Hang Jan 2019

Mesh Morphing Process For Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation, Jinfang Li, Rifu Li, Hanwu He, Junlong Xu, Jiayuan Liu, Li Hang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to present the result of facial plastic surgery accurately, we propose a mesh morphing process method based on the grayscale texture in this paper. A grayscale texture is created by selecting the region of interest (ROI), and a set of texture coordinate is computed for the vertices in real time to establish the mapping relationship between the vertices and the grayscale texture. In order to make the morphing smooth, we blur the grayscale texture with the mean blurred processing algorithm and control the blur effect by the number of iterations. The advantages of this algorithm are as …

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A Method Of Key Frame Extraction For Music And Dance Video, Ma Nan, Xiangbin Shi, Dai Qin, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang Jan 2019

A Method Of Key Frame Extraction For Music And Dance Video, Ma Nan, Xiangbin Shi, Dai Qin, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the complicated and redundant action of music and dance video, a method of extracting dance video key frame is proposed. The optical flow of two adjacent image frames in the dance video is calculated. The entropy of each optical flow graph is calculated and the characteristics of the music in the dance video are extracted. The music characteristics are merged with the entropy sequence of the optical flow graph and a sequence of entropy matching with music is obtained. The key frame of dance video is achieved by threshold comparison. The experimental results show that the algorithm …

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Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun Jan 2019

Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the data of openly published related research papers from 2001 to September 2016, the research progresses on military system analysis and modeling were summarized. The concerning theory and method, research contents, annual developing stage, researchers and institutes, and related journals were analyzed, which contributed to making a knowledge map of the area. A series of challenging issues in the research area was discussed to prompt further research on military system analysis and modeling.

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Fractional-Order Memristor Model With Nonlinear Drift Function, Zhaohui Gan, Shiying Zhang, Yuxin Wu Jan 2019

Fractional-Order Memristor Model With Nonlinear Drift Function, Zhaohui Gan, Shiying Zhang, Yuxin Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A memristor is a nonlinear resistor with memory. It is regarded as the fourth basic circuit elements. The fractional order model of memristor is an extension of integer order model for memristor. Some researchers have confirmed the existence of fractional order model for memristor, and the response characteristic of the fractional order model excited by different types of signals is analyzed. Based on the analysis of some existing integer order and fractional order models for memristor, a novel fractional order memristor model with nonlinear drift function is proposed, and the response characteristics of fractional order model for memristor with …

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Parameter Identification Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On Mutation Coral Reef Algorithm, Dinghui Wu, Huang Xu, Yawei Quan, Zhicheng Ji Jan 2019

Parameter Identification Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On Mutation Coral Reef Algorithm, Dinghui Wu, Huang Xu, Yawei Quan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: High accuracy identification of parameters in Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the basis of controller design. According to the drawbacks of slow speed, big error, and small number of parameters in particle swarm optimization (PSO), least square method, and classical coral reefs optimization (CRO), an improved CRO with Cauchy and Gaussian mutation is proposed to solve the parameter identification problem in PMSM. The mathematical model of PMSM in dq coordinate system is established. The Cauchy and Gaussian mutation operator is introduced to CRO. Both of the two versions are applied for identifying parameters in PMSM, and are …

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Dynamic Wear Monitoring Based On Stiffness Simulation Of Aircraft Radial Tire, Wang Hui, Kun Xu Jan 2019

Dynamic Wear Monitoring Based On Stiffness Simulation Of Aircraft Radial Tire, Wang Hui, Kun Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: During the wear monitoring for the aircraft tire, the expansion change on the top of tire crown caused inaccuracy for the monitoring results. Considering the aircraft tire cord with high strength, orthogonal anisotropy and tensile deformation, the main three dimensional nonlinear finite element model of B737-800 passenger aircraft radial tire was built using the Yeoh rubber constitutive model and the Rebar stiffener unit in Abaqus software. The problem of static contact between aircraft tire and road was successfully simulated using adaptive Lagrange algorithm. Radial tire stiffness, ground imprinting, main area of friction losses and sinkage were obtained by …

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Stackelberg Game Decision For Lord-Source Associated Day-Ahead Peak Load Regulation, Wenying Liu, Yalong Li, Guo Peng, Anqi Liang, Weizhou Wang Jan 2019

Stackelberg Game Decision For Lord-Source Associated Day-Ahead Peak Load Regulation, Wenying Liu, Yalong Li, Guo Peng, Anqi Liang, Weizhou Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The probability distribution of wind power prediction error is obtained based on direct statistics, and the influence of the error on the day-ahead peak load regulation decision is analyzed. Energy-intensive load and conventional source are combined to improve the system’s dynamic peak load regulation capability. Since the power source and the energy-intensive load belong to different regulation systems and need to be regulated in a non-centralized way, the multi-objective optimization is not suitable and the game theory is adopted. The reliability goal minimizing the risk punishment and the economic goal minimizing the cost of peak load regulation are taken …

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Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Pso And Cro Algorithms, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin Jan 2019

Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Pso And Cro Algorithms, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To meet the requirements of the rapidity and the accuracy of the aircraft cabin energy consumption prediction for bridge-load air conditioner when an aircraft berthing, a forecasting method based on the combination of neural network, particle swarm and coral reef is proposed. The energy consumption prediction model is established based on wavelet neural network, and the prediction model parameters are optimized using the united algorithm of coral reefs and particle swarm optimization. The united algorithm adopts a double-layer structure: the data of the first layer are grouped and optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm for a preliminary optimization, …

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Review Of 3d Facial Expression Acquisition And Modeling Technology, Wang Shan, Xukun Shen, Qinping Zhao Jan 2019

Review Of 3d Facial Expression Acquisition And Modeling Technology, Wang Shan, Xukun Shen, Qinping Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Face is an important biological feature of human. High-fidelity 3D face construction is widely applied and has attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. Now the mature 3D model acquisition still depends on the expensive hardware and controlled lighting environment in the lab. However, academic focus has gradually transformed to researches based on daily living environment and low cost equipment. According to the source of input data, the existing works are divided into two categories: works under controlled environment and uncontrolled environment. Methods are summarized and classified based on the categories. Existing problems and future research directions …

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Variable Scale Point Cloud Registration Algorithm, Shuifa Sun, Zhun Li, Kun Xia, Yunfei Shi, Jiquan Yang, Fangmin Dong Jan 2019

Variable Scale Point Cloud Registration Algorithm, Shuifa Sun, Zhun Li, Kun Xia, Yunfei Shi, Jiquan Yang, Fangmin Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To address the low registration accuracy issue caused by scale mismatch of two point clouds, a multi-scale point cloud registration algorithm is proposed based on the distance ratio invariance of the geometric center of gravity and centroid. The point cloud is firstly filtered. Then, the scale ratio calculation model of the point cloud data is established by computing the point cloud’s gravity center and centroid. Finally, according to the relationship between the registration error and the scale true value, the scale factor is refined step by step with ICP algorithm. For the noise and the inconsistent point in the …

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Modeling Of Wheat Ears Growth Based On Bezier Surface, Junxiao Xue, Chenyang Sun, Mingliang Xu, Yin Hui, Haiyu Yu Jan 2019

Modeling Of Wheat Ears Growth Based On Bezier Surface, Junxiao Xue, Chenyang Sun, Mingliang Xu, Yin Hui, Haiyu Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Simulation model of wheat growth has important theoretical significance and application value for wheat growth regulation and management. Study the growth of wheat ears from heading to maturity. We propose an unified modeling method for the grain, lemma and palea of wheat ears based on Bezier surface. Meanwhile, all the models are re-polygonized so that it can be easier to detect the collision. The method can simulate the growth of wheat ear with relatively high modeling efficiency. Experiment results show that the proposed method has very good modeling effect and the modeling of wheat ear at different growth stages …

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