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Articles 2521 - 2550 of 4223
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Microscopic Online Simulation Method Of Road Traffic Accident Emergency Disposal, Peiqun Lin, Jiahui Liu, Kaibin Yao
Microscopic Online Simulation Method Of Road Traffic Accident Emergency Disposal, Peiqun Lin, Jiahui Liu, Kaibin Yao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An online simulation based decision making method was proposed to search for the comparatively optimal emergency disposal plan quickly and quantitatively after the traffic accident, and the evaluation index of traffic emergency disposal plans was proposed on the foundation of designing the process and framework of the online simulation, and the vehicle movement model applied to highway traffic accident was established. The online simulation based decision making system was developed using VISSIM-COM interface, and it has been applied to a typical highway of Guangdong Province. The simulation and the practical application results illustrate that multiple emergency disposal plans …
Simulation Study Of Ac/Dc Converter For Marine Medium Voltage Test Power System, Kun Xia, Zhang Shuo, Yuan Yin, Zhang Ping
Simulation Study Of Ac/Dc Converter For Marine Medium Voltage Test Power System, Kun Xia, Zhang Shuo, Yuan Yin, Zhang Ping
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to realize the simulation of marine medium voltage power system of 40kW capacity in laboratory, it is necessary to convert AC 380V of generators outputs to the stable 4kV DC output. Two level transformations were applied in the system. The bridgeless boost PFC circuit was applied in AC/DC conversion in front. Four roads of full bridge PWM converters in cascade mode were applied to boost the voltage in DC/DC conversion at the end. One of them was the phase-shift full bridge to achieve the control of adjusting voltage output. The other three bridges were common full bridge …
Cpcw Design And Performance Analysis For Mimo Radar, Shen Dong, Li Qiang, Liu Xin, Zhou Yu
Cpcw Design And Performance Analysis For Mimo Radar, Shen Dong, Li Qiang, Liu Xin, Zhou Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the good correlation and random property of chaotic phase coding waveform (CPCW), a method is proposed to increase the target detection performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with CPCW. CPCW can be generated by uniform quantifying and quadriphase coding for chaotic sequences. Comparing the correlation property of four kinds of CPCW, the longer Tent phase coding waveform is chosen to increase the target detection performance of MIMO radar, especially for the close small target. Meanwhile, signal processing model is built by CPCW, and multiple pulse compression accumulation can help to reduce the cross-correlation and auto-correlation sidelobes of …
Research On Flame Radical Imaging And Extreme Learning Machine To Prediction Of Nox Emissions, Xinli Li, Li Nan, Yujia Sun, Lu Gang, Yan Yong, Liu Shi
Research On Flame Radical Imaging And Extreme Learning Machine To Prediction Of Nox Emissions, Xinli Li, Li Nan, Yujia Sun, Lu Gang, Yan Yong, Liu Shi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Flame radicals are crucial for an in-depth understanding of the combustion mechanisms. The spectral characteristics of flame radicals were studied based on digital imaging and feature extraction techniques. The information obtained was used to establish the extreme learning machine (ELM) model which can be used to predict the NOx emissions based on the experimental data and digital simulation from a biomass-gas-air combustion process. The digital images of four flame radicals, i.e., OH*, CN*, CH* and C2*, were collected using an EMCCD (Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device) camera. The image segmentation was performed using the fuzzy C-means (FCM) …
Optimal Linear Moment Estimation Method For Gumbel Distribution, Yumei Zhai, Ruixing Zhao
Optimal Linear Moment Estimation Method For Gumbel Distribution, Yumei Zhai, Ruixing Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Linear moment is one of the important methods to estimate the extreme value distribution function in engineering practice. In order to improve the estimation performance for Gumbel distribution, the estimating results of twelve empirical distribution functions were simulated by using Monte Carlo method. The optimal linear moment estimation method was constructed based on the empirical distribution function with the minimum estimation error, and compared with ordinary moment, traditional linear moment and maximum likelihood method. The study shows that choosing an appropriate empirical distribution function can enhance the estimation accuracy. The optimal empirical distribution function varies depending on the sample …
Application Of Pso-Bp Algorithm In Hydraulic System Fault Diagnosis, Handong Zhang, Liusong Tao
Application Of Pso-Bp Algorithm In Hydraulic System Fault Diagnosis, Handong Zhang, Liusong Tao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: It is of great significance to monitor, forecast and diagnose hydraulic systems’ fault timely and accurately. First, this paper describes the basic fault model theoretical knowledge of BP neural neystem failure neural network modeling has created and simulated. PSO-BP neural network has been raised, this paper has established PSO optimize model of the BP neural system fault diagnosis. BP network has been created and simulated in Plunger pump hydraulic system failure. The correct results indicate that this mixed PSO-BP algorithm is better than the improved BP algorithm, and can meet the requirements of Hydraulic system fault diagnosis.
Harmony Gravitational Search Algorithm For Solving The Problem Of Parameter Estimation For Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Jiarong Wang, Weiping Liang
Harmony Gravitational Search Algorithm For Solving The Problem Of Parameter Estimation For Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Jiarong Wang, Weiping Liang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at parameter estimation for fractional-order chaotic systems, a harmony gravitational search algorithm was proposed. The particles, which were updated by gravitational search algorithm, were recreated and searched through memory selections and probability search in harmony search algorithm. At the same times, in order to solve the problem that the speed changed too fast when the particles closed to the optimal solution, the partial adjustment probability was set to non-linearly decrease with the adsorption capacity increasing. Standard test functions were used to test the algorithm, and the test results show that the algorithm has good stability and global search …
Hybrid Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization For Parameter Identification Of Dfig, Yingying Jiang, Zhicheng Ji
Hybrid Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization For Parameter Identification Of Dfig, Yingying Jiang, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to ensure the accuracy of the doubly-fed wind power generator (DFIG) and improve the control performance of the generator, a hybrid quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization for parameter identification was proposed. A parameter identification model of DFIG at coordinate was established. Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) was improved and then mixed with simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The proposed algorithm was compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO), QPSO and improved QPSO, which were applied to parameter identification of DFIG in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the identification accuracy of …
General Hils System Research Of Mi-171 Helicopter Autopilot, Renwei Hu, Guo Nan, Kong Xia, Peng Jun, Chuanwei Sun
General Hils System Research Of Mi-171 Helicopter Autopilot, Renwei Hu, Guo Nan, Kong Xia, Peng Jun, Chuanwei Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A general analogous and digital Hardware-In-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) system was built for AΠ-34Б autopilot of Mi-171 helicopter. Simulator of avionics signals with hybrid interface for both analogous and digital signals was developed. A nonlinear flight dynamics mathematical model was built for Mi-171 helicopter. And on-ground test condition was built for analogous and digital flight control system. Test of on-ground system simulation and aerial flight were done by referring to Flight Test Outline. Results of flight test indicate that all classifications satisfy criteria at once, and the test results of aerial and on-ground are in good concordance …
Chimera Grid Methods Applied In Astronautics Aerodynamic Problems, Yuan Wu
Chimera Grid Methods Applied In Astronautics Aerodynamic Problems, Yuan Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Structured chimera grid method has been considered as the most applicable technology to solve aerodynamic problems of multi-component configuration aircraft at current stage. Therefore, by using structured chimera technology and CFD method, two typical aerodynamic problems of conventional tactics missile configuration with rudder deflection were thoroughly investigated: i) a simple and practical linear modification model for micro unsymmetry configuration was proposed which could effectively reduce the range of error and eliminate its skewness properties caused by asymmetric separation vortex, while the traditional method introduced lateral aerodynamic error in data transformation; ii) 3-tunnel linear adding model was investigated and the …
Semi-Naive Bayesian Forecasts Rainfall On Cloud Platform, Shengjun Xue, Peiyun Zhang, Jingyi Chen
Semi-Naive Bayesian Forecasts Rainfall On Cloud Platform, Shengjun Xue, Peiyun Zhang, Jingyi Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Rainfall forecast has played an increasingly important role of meteorological services. As cloud platform can improve the efficiency and accuracy of rainfall forecast, it has been applied to forecast rainfall. The recent forecast methods require the independence between all the attributes, but most of the meteorological factors are interdependent, which reduces the accuracy of the prediction. Consequently, a semi-naive Bayesian classification was proposed combined with fuzzy set theory realizing it on cloud platform. At the same time, to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of rainfall forecast, a forecast model was established, which used the historical weather data …
Co-Design Between Robust H∞ Guaranteed Cost Fault-Tolerant And Communication For Nncs Based On Event-Triggered, Li Wei, Kun Yan, Yajie Li
Co-Design Between Robust H∞ Guaranteed Cost Fault-Tolerant And Communication For Nncs Based On Event-Triggered, Li Wei, Kun Yan, Yajie Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the discrete event-triggered communication scheme (DETCS), the co-design between robust H∞ guaranteed cost fault-tolerant control and communication was studied for uncertain nonlinear networked control system (NNCS) with actuator failures. Firstly, a new closed-loop failure model was established by introducing the DETCS and adopting state feedback control strategy. Then, based on the Lyapunov stability theory and less-conservative technology, the sufficient condition of NNCS with robust H∞ guaranteed cost was derived, which was the time-delay/event-dependent approach, moreover, some optimal co-design methods between the fault tolerant controller and event-triggered weight matrix were given. Furthermore, the co-design problems of …
Lie Group Modeling And Optimal Control Of Underwater Vehicle, Bai Long, Zhifeng Dong, Xinsheng Ge
Lie Group Modeling And Optimal Control Of Underwater Vehicle, Bai Long, Zhifeng Dong, Xinsheng Ge
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The Lie group modeling method and gauss pseudo-spectral energy optimal control of the underwater vehicle are in research. Simplifying the underwater vehicle to be a free rigid body, in view of the possible large attitude angle maneuvering of the underwater vehicle, importing the concept of lie group and lie algebra, combining with the variation method and Lagrange method, the dynamics equation of the rigid body was derived, translating the tradition expression of the hydrodynamic force to obtain the dynamics equation of the underwater vehicle base on the lie group. With the Gauss pseudo-spectral method, the continue space optimal …
Study On Flywheel Automotive-Brake Energy Recovery System, Juhua Huang, Fuzhong Wang, Junping Yang
Study On Flywheel Automotive-Brake Energy Recovery System, Juhua Huang, Fuzhong Wang, Junping Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The generator automotive-braking energy recovery system can only be applied to the new energy vehicles. In order to improve the situation, a kind of flywheel automotive-braking energy recovery system (FAERS) was proposed that could be applied to the traditional vehicles. The structure of the FAERS was designed and its working principle was explained in detail. The working principle of the FAERS and the main structural parameters—the maximum torque of the electromagnetic clutch, the transmission ratio of the energy storage flywheel and the rotational inertia of the energy storage flywheel were simulated in the environment of Matlab-Simulink, which …
Traveling Wave Detection Fault Location Method Based On Src And Lcd, Yanfeng Gao, Yongli Zhu, Hongyan Yan, Yuanyuan Zhang
Traveling Wave Detection Fault Location Method Based On Src And Lcd, Yanfeng Gao, Yongli Zhu, Hongyan Yan, Yuanyuan Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The accuracy of fault detection by traveling wave is a key for distance measurement on transmission lines. A new traveling wave detection method was proposed based on SRC (Sampling Rate Conversion) and LCD (Local Characteristic scale Decomposition), which considered quantization error reduction and the signal decomposition. The sampling rate of the current line mode components with fixed sampling rate was converted to realize resampling of reconstructed signal. The local characteristic scale of resampling signal was decomposed and the instantaneous frequency of the first intrinsic scale component was calculated by using Teager energy operator, which identified the moment …
Energy Conservation And Emissions Reduction Policy Simulation About Energy-Consuming Enterprises, Yongbo Yang, Chen Ying, Yang Jing, Mingzhong Liu, Zhenchao Jiang, Zeng Rong
Energy Conservation And Emissions Reduction Policy Simulation About Energy-Consuming Enterprises, Yongbo Yang, Chen Ying, Yang Jing, Mingzhong Liu, Zhenchao Jiang, Zeng Rong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Energy conservation and emissions reduction policy have made some achievements, at the same time there are still some problem such as too much administrative command, lack of market mechanism and the lack of price mechanism. The government is both energy conservation leader, supervisor also rule makers. In order to formulate energy conservation policy, they must have overall cognition on energy conservation and emissions reduction. The dynamic relationship between the government, enterprise and environment was analyzed setting up simulation model for key energy-consuming enterprises based on system dynamics. Through the simulation, the influence of different policies for energy conservation …
Sigma Point Kalman Filters For Re-Entry Ballistic Target Tracking, Chunling Wu, Yongfeng Ju, Hu Ping, Chengdong Duan
Sigma Point Kalman Filters For Re-Entry Ballistic Target Tracking, Chunling Wu, Yongfeng Ju, Hu Ping, Chengdong Duan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A new kind of sigma-point Kalman filter was proposed, quadrature Kalman filter(QKF), for the purpose of re-entry ballistic target tracking applications. The new filter linearized the nonlinear functions using statistical linear regression method through a set of Gaussian-Hermite quadrature points that parameterized the Gaussian density. The simulation experiment compared this new sigma point filter with EKF, DDF and UKF. Simulation results show that the estimation errors of all sigma point filters are all lower than that of EKF. The estimation error of QKF is lower than that of UKF, and its filtering credibility is almost same as that of …
Coral Reefs Optimization For Solving Parameter Identification In Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, Yawei Quan, Tian Na, Zhicheng Ji, Wang Yan
Coral Reefs Optimization For Solving Parameter Identification In Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, Yawei Quan, Tian Na, Zhicheng Ji, Wang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: High accuracy identification of parameters in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the basis of controller design. According to the drawbacks of slow speed, big error, and small number of parameters in classical particle swarm optimization (PSO) and least square method, Coral Reefs Optimization (CRO) was proposed to solve the parameter identification problem in PMSM. In order to improve the identification accuracy, the parameter setting in CRO was adjusted. The mathematical model of PMSM in coordinate system was established, CRO, PSO and RLS were applied to identify parameters in PMSM, and were verified in Matlab/Simulink for comparison. The simulation …
Impact Analysis On Distribution Prediction Of Stipa Species Under Climate Change, Xuqing Tang, Jianlin Li
Impact Analysis On Distribution Prediction Of Stipa Species Under Climate Change, Xuqing Tang, Jianlin Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the actual climatic data from 1981 to 2000 in Northeast China, the predicted climatic data and the actual distribution data of Stipa species, 12 climatic factor indicators affecting Stipa species distribution were extracted combining with similar biological and ecological characteristics of Stipa. By introducing Gauss Competitive Exclusion Principle and the statistical analysis method, a competitive stochastic mathematical model of the distribution of Stipa was built, and the corresponding algorithm was given. The forecast figures were obtained for the optimal, medium and general adaptable distribution of the five Stipa species from 2041 to 2050 and from 2091 …
Multi-Channels Converged Communication Method In Mobile Terminals Based On Virtual Link, Wenqiang Yao, Kaisheng Xu, Feng Jie, Yanqin Zhu, Lingzhi Li
Multi-Channels Converged Communication Method In Mobile Terminals Based On Virtual Link, Wenqiang Yao, Kaisheng Xu, Feng Jie, Yanqin Zhu, Lingzhi Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the region overlapping multiple radio signals such as 3G/4G and Wi-Fi, the mobile terminal usually only chooses one of sigals to transmit data. It limits the access bandwidth of the mobile terminal, influences the upper applications running on the devices, and increases the costs of data communication. A new multi-channels converged communication method was proposed according to the analysis of existing technology. The method used the virtual link receiving all the packets sent by upper applications, and sent the packets simultaneously in multi-channels according to the status of every physical channel. The specific implementation processes were given about …
Information Collaboration Model Of Cloud Computing Supply Chain Based On Multi-Agent, Wuxue Jiang, Xuanzi Hu, Minxia Liu, Yuqiang Chen
Information Collaboration Model Of Cloud Computing Supply Chain Based On Multi-Agent, Wuxue Jiang, Xuanzi Hu, Minxia Liu, Yuqiang Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the work efficiency of supply chain in cloud computing and avoid the risks of cloud computing, a cloud-based supply chain information coordination model was proposed. The model has two basic states which are online status and offline status, at online state the cloud computing center is responsible for coordination of the entire supply chain information, and at offline state each node continues to complete the transaction order through the history record and each node information in the cloud data center. Simulation based on Multi-agent shows that the order completion rate in offline status is …
Simulation Realization Of Netted Radar Data Fusion Systems, Zhijie Chen, Bin Rao, Yongzhen Li, Zhiwei Zong
Simulation Realization Of Netted Radar Data Fusion Systems, Zhijie Chen, Bin Rao, Yongzhen Li, Zhiwei Zong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The system realization problem of netted radar data fusion systems was focused on. The design aspects of functionality, constitution and realization of netted radar systems were investigated. An architecture consisted of a CPCI (Compact PCI) industrial control computer and multiple digital DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processors was developed. The software workflows of each netting mode (centralized fusion and distributed fusion) were given and the simulation results related to typical scenarios were illustrated. The system can serve as a testing platform of efficiency evaluation relating to radar netting in the presence of electronic countermeasures.
Semantic Knowledge Base Constructed From Chinese Online Encyclopedia, Liu Jian, Hongbo Xu, Huifeng Tang, Yantao Jia, Xueqi Cheng
Semantic Knowledge Base Constructed From Chinese Online Encyclopedia, Liu Jian, Hongbo Xu, Huifeng Tang, Yantao Jia, Xueqi Cheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The traditional construction methods about semantic knowledge base cost a lot of manpower and material resources. In addition, knowledge is difficult to acquire timely updates. In view of the deficiency, a new semantic representation model was put forward based on semantic ontology and hypergraph theory which was named dynamic knowledge network. Then, this model was described in detail, which included theoretical basis and model elements. Under the guidance of the model, the extraction methods and storage structure were studied about semantic knowledge. A Chinese semantic knowledge base was semi-automatic constructed using Chinese 360 Encyclopedia data which could efficiently provide …
Approach To Process Smart Grid Time-Serial Big Data Based On Hbase, Wang Yuan, Tao Ye, Yuan Jun, He Wei
Approach To Process Smart Grid Time-Serial Big Data Based On Hbase, Wang Yuan, Tao Ye, Yuan Jun, He Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the development of critical theories and technologies in Internet of things (IOT), more and more attentions have been focused on the IOT applications. Smart Grid is one of the typical IOT applications on which a huge number of sensors have been deployed to gather and generate time-serial data to make sense of the running states of the key devices. How to apply these data to make smart grid running secure and stable is a hot research topic. By considering the fact that smart grid is characterized by a huge number of devices, a huge amount of data and …
Data Management Of Data Processing Framework In Green Data Center, Zhang Xiao, Gao Yuan, Xiaoliang Wang, Yiyong Ge, Haixiang Yang, Shupeng Wan
Data Management Of Data Processing Framework In Green Data Center, Zhang Xiao, Gao Yuan, Xiaoliang Wang, Yiyong Ge, Haixiang Yang, Shupeng Wan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Using renewable energy in data center is an environment-friendly way to solve the problem of high energy consumption of data center. Since renewable energy is variable, delaying the jobs which has no strict deadline i a widely used strategy to maximize the usage of renewable energy. Meanwhile, turning the idle servers off can further reduce energy consumption. If the data required by the jobs to be processed are unavailable, some servers in sleep state need to be reactivated to guarantee that the data required by the jobs are available. Such operation may lead to energy waste due to the …
Simulation And Research On Surface Subsidence Caused By Abandoned Goaf Under Earthquake, Tiejun Cui, Yundong Ma, Laigui Wang
Simulation And Research On Surface Subsidence Caused By Abandoned Goaf Under Earthquake, Tiejun Cui, Yundong Ma, Laigui Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To understand the overlying rock strata caused by filling and abandoned goaf under earthquake, ensuring that the upper surface of subgrade is not due to the earthquake generating additional settlement which affects normal use, the goaf and the overlying rock strata were simulated with filling rate(0.85, 0.9, 0.95) and earthquake acceleration(0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g). Simulation using PFC3D as platform, modeling of complex strata, and the introduction of filling and the simulation method of earthquake, the overlying rock strata migration, stress, and the surface of the subgrade settlement characteristics were obtained. The additional earthquake surface subsidence law was …
Redundancy Allocation Optimization Design For Complex System Based On Simulation, Haidong Du, Junhai Cao, Wu Wei, Xu Dan
Redundancy Allocation Optimization Design For Complex System Based On Simulation, Haidong Du, Junhai Cao, Wu Wei, Xu Dan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the redundancy question of complex system reliability design, from the angle of product design, on the basis of sensitivity analysis of different design program, it has be proved to add redundancy design for subsystem with lower reliability and less redundancy will enhance the probability of reliability more for complex system. On the foundation of above research, the program screening simulation experiment was designed according the related restraint and optimization algorithm for redundancy design was proposed. An example of series-parallel connection system was given, obtaining the optimization design program based on Anylogic software to prove the rationality and effectiveness …
Simulation Research For Highway Maintenance Management System Based On System Dynamics, Zhang Hong, Fangmin Ren, Rongbei Zheng
Simulation Research For Highway Maintenance Management System Based On System Dynamics, Zhang Hong, Fangmin Ren, Rongbei Zheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: It is necessary to study the long-term and dynamic relationships between highway maintenance efficiency and stakeholders, thus helping decision-making on the policies and maintenance plans around the highway maintenance issue. Based on analyzing dynamics and complexities of highway maintenance system, the system dynamics model for the highway maintenance simulation system was established. This study was aimed at simulating and evaluating the long-term dynamic relationships of the interactions among the highway pavement performance, operator's maintenance plans, users' satisfaction and administration department's budget allocation scheme for a long time period. The effectiveness and application of the proposed model were demonstrated …
Research On Face Recognition Method Under Uncontrolled Illumination Variation, Kong Rui, Zhang Bing
Research On Face Recognition Method Under Uncontrolled Illumination Variation, Kong Rui, Zhang Bing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A new face recognition algorithm is proposed with high recognition rate under uncontrolled illumination conditions. The new algorithm process face images in advance using Weber local descriptor, which means that the processed image is insensitive to illumination changing. An improved linear discriminant analysis algorithm is adopt for feature extracting, finally, nearest neighbor classifier based on Euclidean distance is applied to classify. The new algorithm is tested on Yale and The Extended Yale Database B face database respectively, in comparison with classic face recognition algorithms, the performance of the proposed method is superior to other's under uncontrolled illumination variation …
Spam Filtering Based On Variable Precision Rough Set Decision Tree, Wang Jing, Xingwei Wang, Zhao Yue
Spam Filtering Based On Variable Precision Rough Set Decision Tree, Wang Jing, Xingwei Wang, Zhao Yue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Email is favored by people and has become one of the most universal information communication methods, inspired by its convenience and low cost. However, E-mail has also been abused by malicious people. As a result, Internet has been polluted by spam. Spam not only wastes bandwidth resource, disrupting people's normal life and work, but also influences routine application of mail servers and poses a serious threat to Internet security. Decision tree algorithm was utilized to train extracted mail head feature information to construct a decision tree, which could be further used to filter spam. Variable precision rough set model …