Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Commons^™

Nanoscale Colocalization Of Fluorogenic Probes Reveals The Role Of Oxygen Vacancies In The Photocatalytic Activity Of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires, Meikun Shen, Tianben Ding, Steven T. Hartman, Fudong Wang, Christina Krucylak, Zheyu Wang, Che Tan, Bo Yin, Rohan Mishra, Matthew D. Lew, Bryce Sadtler

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

Defect engineering is a strategy that has been widely used to design active semiconductor photocatalysts. However, understanding the role of defects, such as oxygen vacancies, in controlling photocatalytic activity remains a challenge. Here, we report the use of chemically triggered fluorogenic probes to study the spatial distribution of active regions in individual tungsten oxide nanowires using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The nanowires show significant heterogeneity along their lengths for the photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals. Through quantitative, coordinate-based colocalization of multiple probe molecules activated by the same nanowires, we demonstrate that the nanoscale regions most active for the photocatalytic generation of …

Buckling Of Blue Phosphorus Nanotubes Under Axial Compression: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Shiping Jiang, Huiling Wu, Liangzhi Kou, Chun Tang, Chengyuan Wang, Changfeng Chen

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We report on mechanical properties of blue phosphorus nanotubes (BluePNTs) from systematic molecular dynamics simulations, adopting a Stillinger-Weber potential with parameters determined by fitting to energetic and structural data from first-principles calculations. Our results corroborate the previously reported bending poison effect and size-dependent buckling behaviors. Under axial compression, current simulations predict a shell-to-column buckling mode transition for BluePNTs with increasing aspect ratios; further compression of BluePNTs with large aspect ratios results in a column-to-shell buckling mode transition. Associated critical buckling strains can be described by the continuum mechanics theory. We also simulated buckling behavior of black phosphorus nanotubes (BlackPNTs) and …

Graphene/Oxide Interactions With Polymer Networks Modeled Using Molecular Dynamics, Matthew Alan Reil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to its unique physical properties, graphene has shown great promise as an additive to Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) for material property enhancement. Achieving homogeneous dispersion of the graphene platelets within a polymeric network is critical to realizing these enhancements. Research has shown that achieving homogeneous dispersion of graphene platelets within PMCs is challenging as graphene is immiscible with most polymeric networks. This work used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to demonstrate dispersion of graphene platelets within PMCs is inhibited by molecular surface charge potentials. Further simulations were conducted to demonstrate functionalized forms of graphene, specifically graphene oxide, have altered surface …

Investigating New Methods To Develop Perovskite Solar Cells, Amani Hussain Alfaifi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Discovering the potential of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHP) as a harvesting material in solar cells has strongly affected the research direction in solar energy. The fascinating optical and electronic properties offered by MHP combined with tremendous effort from scientists around the world have improved the efficiency to about 25% in a decade.

In the first part of the dissertation, we studied the lamination process as a new fabrication method for producing self-encapsulated perovskite solar cells based on laminating half stacks,as opposed to the conventional layer-by-layer method. Our work focused on optimizing the lamination process of complex triple cations perovskite …

Improved Contacts And Device Performance In Mos2 Transistors Using 2d Semiconductor Interlayers, Kraig Andrews

Wayne State University Dissertations

The rapid growth of modern electronics industry over the past half-century has been sustained by the continued miniaturization of silicon-based electronics. However, as fundamental limits approach, there is a need to search for viable alternative materials for next-generation electronics in the post-silicon era. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much attention due to their atomic thickness, absence of dangling bonds and moderately high carrier mobility. However, achieving low-resistance contacts has been major impediment in developing high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) based on 2D semiconductors. A substantial Schottky barrier (SB) is often present at the metal/2D-semicondcutor interface, …

Using Strontium Coated Clay Nanoparticles For Bone Regeneration And Other Biomedical Applications, Anusha Elumalai

Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this project is to coat halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with strontium in an ecofriendly, simple, and non-expensive process. These particles, when doped in calcium phosphate cements (CPC), are predicted to increase the osteoconductive and antibacterial properties of three dimensional (3D) printed bone scaffolds.

The purpose of the 3D printed bone scaffolds is to assume the same function as the bones they are replacing but with several additional functionalities. These biomaterials will have the ability to be resorbed as new bone is formed. Due to inherent osteogenic factors and antibiotics released from doped HNTs during the reparative process, it …

Hierarchical Mechanisms Of Lateral Interactions In High- Performance Fibers, Taylor A, Stockdale, Daniel P. Cole, Jeffrey M. Staniszewski, Michael R. Roenbeck, Dimitry Papkov, Steve R. Lustig, Youris A. Dzenis, Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The processing conditions used in the production of advanced polymer fibers facilitate the formation of an oriented fibrillar network that consists of structures spanning multiple length scales. The irregular nature of fiber tensile fracture surfaces suggests that their structural integrity is defined by the degree of lateral (interfacial) interactions that exist within the fiber microstructure. To date, experimental studies have quantified interfacial adhesion between nanoscale fibrils measuring 10−50 nm in width, and the global fracture energy through applying peel loads to fiber halves. However, a more in-depth evaluation of tensile fracture indicates that fiber failure typically occurs at an intermediate …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Balance And Walking Improvements In An Adolescent With Cerebral Palsy (Gmfcs Ii) And Autism After Motor-Assisted Elliptical Training, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Thad W. Buster, Judith M. Burnfield

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: To quantify the impact of motor-assisted elliptical (ICARE) training on cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and walking function of an adolescent with walking limitations due to cerebral palsy.

Materials and methods: A thirteen-year-old boy with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System II) and autism participated. Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO₂, primary outcome measure), oxygen cost of walking, Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), modified Timed Up and Go (mTUG), 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and gait characteristics (speed, cadence, step length, single support time) were assessed prior to and after completion of 24 sessions of moderate- to vigorous- intensity ICARE …

In Vitro Atherosclerosis Disease Model Via The Ring Stacking Method, Cameron Brandon Pinnock

Wayne State University Dissertations

Creation of an in vitro atherosclerotic disease model using the novel Ring Stacking Method. Singular self-assembling tissue rings made up smooth muscle cells and fibrin hydrogel are stacked on one another to create a tissue engineered vessel. These biologically engineered blood vessels are then seeded with endothelial cells via combined static rotational and dynamic bioreactor in order to create a functional intima layer. Early stage atherosclerosis was induced via the addition of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) to the fibrin hydrogel that creates the media layer of the engineered vessel. After the creation of the intima layer the engineered vessel was …

Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Peripapillary Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Basement Membrane Layer In Patients Following Lumbar Puncture, Junfei Tong, Pengfei Dong, Sachin Kedar, Deepta Ghate, Linxia Gu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: To develop and test an innovative semi-automatic method for quantifying the three-dimensional morphology of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium-basement membrane (ppRPE/BM) layer, with application to lumbar puncture (LP) patients. Methods: Nineteen patients undergoing LP were recruited. The optic nerve head images of both eyes were acquired in 12 radial directions using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after LP. For each OCT image, the ppRPE/BM layer was automatically segmented with manual corrections by independent graders when necessary. The linear regression model of the ppRPE/BM layer was fitted using the least squares approach, and the ppRPE/BM layer angle was measured …

Roboticdeviceswithonboard Control And Related Systems And Devices, Shane Michael Farritor, Erik Mumm, Philip Chu, Nishant Kumar, Jason Dumpert, Yutaka Tsutano

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to various medical device components, including components that can be incorporated into robotic and/or in vivo medical devices. Certain embodiments include various modular medical devices for in vivo medical procedures.

Role Of Interfacial Transition Zones In The Fracture Of Cu/V Nanolamellar Multilayers, Siyuan Wei, Shijian Zheng, Lifeng Zhang, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Xianping Wang, Jiangwei Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Plastic deformation and fracture behavior of Cu/V nanoscale metallic multilayers (NMMs) were systematically investigated through in situ transmission electron microscopy testing. Two different types of interfaces: sharp interfaces and interfacial transition zones (ITZs), formed in the as-fabricated Cu/V NMMs. Upon deformation, sharp interfaces and ITZs exert distinct influences on the fracture behavior of Cu/V NMMs. Sharp interfaces can impede the crack propagation by deflecting the crack propagation and blunting the crack tip, while the ITZs can induce microcracks and facilitate the fracture process. These findings shed light on the important roles of interface structures in the deformation of a broad …

Low- And High-Drag Intermittencies In Turbulent Channel Flows, Rishav Agrawal, Henry C.-H. Ng, Ethan A. Davis, Jae Sung Park, Michael D. Graham, David J.C. Dennis, Robert J. Poole

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Recent direct numerical simulations (DNS) and experiments in turbulent channel flow have found intermittent low- and high-drag events in Newtonian fluid flows, at Reτ = uτh/ν between 70 and 100, where uτ, h and ν are the friction velocity, channel half-height and kinematic viscosity, respectively. These intervals of low-drag and high-drag have been termed “hibernating” and “hyperactive”, respectively, and in this paper, a further investigation of these intermittent events is conducted using experimental and numerical techniques. For experiments, simultaneous measurements of wall shear stress and velocity are carried out in a channel flow facility using hot-film anemometry (HFA) and laser …

Pretreatment Of Loblolly Pine Tree Toppings (Needled) Using Dess, Prathima Gujjula

Master's Theses

Contemporary industrial development and swift urbanization require environmentally sustainable energy sources. Ethanol made from biomass provides unique environmental and economic strategic benefits and can be considered a safe and clean liquid fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Ethanol’s significant advantages, such as low cost, biodegradability, and abundance, make the application of biomass for production of biorenewable energy favorable. However, biomass must be subjected to pretreatment processes to liberate the components needed for effective enzymatic hydrolysis that converts cellulose to sugars prior to fermentation to create biofuel. Production of valueadded co-products besides biofuels, through coordinated bio refinery processes, requires selectivity during pretreatment. …

Nanofabrication And Characterization Of An Enzyme-Less Electrochemical Biosensor For Creatinine Detection, Anas Belharsa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study will reveal the fabrication and development of an enzyme-less biosensor for creatinine detection. The biosensor involves a periodically patterned nano-porous TiO2 deposited with Au nanoparticles via e-beam evaporation and a layer of Imprinted Polymer (IP) of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide to obtain a heterostructure of I-Au-TiO2. The detection methods of creatinine are based on electrochemical measurements using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The IP-Au-TiO2 sensor shows a detection LOD of 0.0949ng/mL and 0. 0.218ng/mL for EIS and DPV measurements, respectively. The nanofabricated biosensor was tested in the presents of urea, glucose, lactose, …

Nanotechnologies: A Review Of Inventions And Utility Models. Part V, L. A. Ivanov, L. D. Xu, E. S. Bokova, A. D. Ishkov

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

The article provides an abstract review of patents. The results of creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, being implemented, allow achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and community services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention "A method to produce dry construction mixtures" refers to manufacturing of building materials, in particularly, to manufacture of dry construction mixtures (DCM) by the method of joint mechanoactivation of cement and dolomite, with further modification of them with carbon nanostructures (CNT). The technical result of the given method of mixing …

Interfacial Current Distribution Between Helium Plasma Jet And Water Solution, Sui Wang, Dingxin Liu, Zifeng Wang, Yifan Liu, Qiaosong Li, Xiaohua Wang, Michael G. Kong, Mingzhe Rong

Bioelectrics Publications

The plasma-liquid interaction holds great importance for a number of emerging applications such as plasma biomedicine, yet a main fundamental question remains about the nature of the physiochemical processes occurring at the plasma-liquid interface. In this paper, the interfacial current distribution between helium plasma jet and water solution was measured for the first time by means of the splitting electrode method, which was borrowed from the field of arc plasma. For a plasma plume in continuous mode, it was found that the mean absolute current distribution at the plasma-liquid interface typically had an annular shape. This shape could be affected …

Multi-Well Plate Channel Device With Reversible Seals, Haipeng Zhang, Timothy Wei, Sangjin Ryu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease which causes over 26,000 yearly deaths in the United States. This disease involves accumulation of substances in arterial walls (or plaques) that occurs frequently to arterial regions experiencing low shear stress, such as bends and bifurcations. A possible reason of plaque growth in arterial walls is the change of endothelial cell (EC)’s shape, which is related to fluid shear stresses tangentially acting on intimal layer (the EC surface) of the arterial wall. Lambert et al. studied the relationship between EC shape and shear stress (Lambert et al., 2019) using a BioFlux system (Fluxion Bioscienes) and …

Universal Mechanical Exfoliation Of Large-Area 2d Crystals, Yuan Huang, Yu-Hao Pan, Rong Yang, Li-Hong Bao, Lei Meng, Hai-Lan Luo, Yong-Qing Cai, Guo-Dong Liu, Wen-Juan Zhao, Zhang Zhou, Liang-Mei Wu, Zhi-Li- Zhu, Ming Huang, Li-Wei Liu, Lei Liu, Peng Cheng, Ke-Hui Wu, Shi-Bing Tian, Chang-Zhi Gu, You-Guo Shi, Yan-Feng Guo, Zhi Gang Cheng, Jiang-Ping Hu, Lin Zhao, Guan-Hua Yang, Eli Sutter, Peter Sutter, Ye-Liang Wang, Wei Ji, Xing-Jiang Zhou, Hong-Jun Gao

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Two-dimensional materials provide extraordinary opportunities for exploring phenomena arising in atomically thin crystals. Beginning with the first isolation of graphene, mechanical exfoliation has been a key to provide high-quality two-dimensional materials, but despite improvements it is still limited in yield, lateral size and contamination. Here we introduce a contamination-free, one-step and universal Au-assisted mechanical exfoliation method and demonstrate its effectiveness by isolating 40 types of single-crystalline monolayers, including elemental two-dimensional crystals, metal-dichalcogenides, magnets and superconductors. Most of them are of millimeter-size and high-quality, as shown by transfer-free measure- ments of electron microscopy, photo spectroscopies and electrical transport. Large sus- pended …

Benign Ferroelastic Twin Boundaries In Halide Perovskites For Charge Carrier Transport And Recombination, Xun Xiao, Wenhao Li, Yanjun Fang, Ye Liu, Yuchuan Shao, Shuang Yang, Jingjing Zhao, Xuezeng Dai, Rashid Zia, Jinsong Huang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Grain boundaries have been established to impact charge transport, recombination and thus the power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskite thin film solar cells. As a special category of grain boundaries, ferroelastic twin boundaries have been recently discovered to exist in both CH3NH3PbI3 thin films and single crystals. However, their impact on the carrier transport and recombination in perovskites remains unexplored. Here, using the scanning photocurrent microscopy, we find that twin boundaries have negligible influence on the carrier transport across them. Photoluminescence (PL) imaging and the spatial-resolved PL intensity and lifetime scanning confirm the electronically benign nature of the twin …

Variations In Plantar Pressure Variables Across Elliptical Trainers In Older Adults, Judith M. Burnfield, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Thad W. Buster

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Ellipticals are used to address walking and cardiorespiratory training goals of older adults, some of whom are at risk for foot injuries. Variations in joint kinematics and muscle demands when using different ellipticals could lead to plantar pressure differences. This study explored plantar pressure variables during gait and use of four ellipticals.

Methods: Plantar pressures were recorded while 10 adults [68.1 (4.5) years] walked and used the True, Octane, Life Fitness, and SportsArt ellipticals. Repeated-measures ANOVAs (5 × 1) identified forefoot and heel differences across conditions.

Findings: Maximum forefoot forces and peak pressures were significantly lower than walking for …

Surface And Structure Engineering For Next Generation Lithium Metal Batteries, Ke Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lithium (Li) metal has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials to replace conventional graphite for Li-ion battery due to its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). However, it still faces some problems such as unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), uncontrolled Li dendrites growth, and infinite volume change during battery charging/discharging. To develop a stable and low-cost Li metal anode for next-generation Li metal battery, in this dissertation, we have made efforts to understand and solve these problems in two aspects, by introducing an artificial SEI and …

Ultrahigh Strength And Plasticity In Laser Rapid Solidified Al–Si Nanoscale Eutectics, Huai-Hsun Lien, Jyoti Mazumder, Jian Wang, Amit Misra

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

As-cast Al–20wt.% Si alloys were processed via laser rapid solidification (LRS) techniques to create eutectic microstructures with nanoscale interconnected, nanotwinned Si fibers. LRS morphologies exhibit higher flow stress, exceeding 800 MPa and uniform plastic deformation above 20% compared to as-cast alloy that fractures at strains below 8% at flow strength of approximately 200 MPa. The strengthening mechanisms of LRS morphologies are interpreted in terms of the interfacial constraints: increase in yield strength as well as strain hardening rate due to nanoscale confined slip in fibrous Al–Si eutectic, and load transfer and eventual plasticity in the nanoscale Si fibers.

Leidenfrost Droplet Microfluidics, Sidy Ndao, George Gogos, Dennis Alexander, Troy Anderson, Craig Zuhlke

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Systems and methods are described for propelling a liquid droplet in a Leidenforst state. A microfluidic device embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a solid structure having a patterned surface, the patterned surface including at least a first patterned region having a first Leidenfrost temperature with respect to a fluid, the first patterned region adjacent to the second patterned region, the first patterned region defining a path over which a droplet of the fluid is configured to travel in a Leidenfrost state.

Iron Pyrite Nanocrystals, Jinsong Huang, Baodong Mao, Christopher L. Exstrom

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

An apparatus includes a nanocrystal. The nanocrystal includes a core including FeS2; and a coating including a ligand component capable of chemically interacting with both an iron atom and a sulfur atom on a surface of the core.

Colocalized Sensing And Intelligent Computing In Micro-Sensors, Mohammad H. Hasan, Ali Al-Ramini, Eihab Abdel-Rahman, Roozbeh Jafari, Fadi Alsaleem

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

This work presents an approach to delay-based reservoir computing (RC) at the sensor level without input modulation. It employs a time-multiplexed bias to maintain transience while utilizing either an electrical signal or an environmental signal (such as acceleration) as an unmodulated input signal. The proposed approach enables RC carried out by sufficiently nonlinear sensory elements, as we demonstrate using a single electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device. The MEMS sensor can perform colocalized sensing and computing with fewer electronics than traditional RC elements at the RC input (such as analog- to-digital and digital-to-analog converters). The performance of the MEMS RC …

Microstructural Evolution Of Nanotwinned Al-Zr Alloy With Significant 9r Phase, N.A. Richter, Y.F. Zhang, D. Y. Xie, R. Su, Q. Li, S. Xue, T. Niu, J. Wang, H. Wang, Xinghang Zhang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Aluminum (Al) alloys have a multitude of applications, notably in the automotive, aerospace and coating industries, yet they exhibit significantly lower mechanical strength than conventional steels. Nanotwins drastically improve mechanical strength while retaining ductility. However, the high SFE of Al largely prevents twinning. Here, we synthesize Al-Zr alloy films containing an abundance of incoherent twin boundaries and 9R phases. These alloys exhibit an extended solid solubility of Zr, retaining a columnar nanotwinned structure across all compositions. These films reach a hardness up to 4.2 GPa with 10 at% Zr and demonstrate the capacity for producing strong Al alloys with nanotwins.

Metal Filled Carbon Nanotubes In Radiation Therapy : Dose Enhancement Effect, Sarah Ashmeg

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this work, the radiation dose enhancement is studied using a novel method and material that has not been widely investigated, at the time of this publication. Radiation dose enhancement is a useful technique in the field of radiation therapy, especially when dealing with radioresistant cells. Ideally, it increases the dose to the desired site with no additional damage to organs at risk.

Towards Machine Learning In Chemical Sensing : Milk Differentiation And Quality Control Through Two-Dimensional Nano-Sensor Array, Yu Sheng Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Herein, we developed a novel artificial tongue using machine learning and 12 nanoassemblies (2D-NAs) to identify and analyzed different kinds of milk beverages for quality control. This biomimetic sensor array was trained to “taste” different milk types as an “artificial tongue” which is the first time we demonstrated that this sensor array can be implemented to complex systems. Two-dimensional nanoparticles (2D-nps) and nine fluorescently labeled single stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA) with different length and nucleobases were assembled to create 12 2D-NAs. The artificial tongue was deployed to identify and analyze five milk types. All five milk types were discriminated with 95% …

Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In addition to the traditional biochemical functions, DNA and RNA have been increasingly studied as building blocks for the formation of various 2D and 3D nanostructures. DNA has emerged as a versatile building block for programmable self-assembly. DNA-based nanostructures have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, molecular computation and macromolecular scaffolding. A variety of strategies have been developed to functionalize these nanostructures. The major advantage is that DNA is a very stable molecule and its base-pairing properties can be easily utilized to control and program the formation of desired nanostructures. In addition, some of these DNA/RNA nanostructures have …