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Articles 2341 - 2370 of 3537

Full-Text Articles in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Superconductivity In An Inhomogeneous Bundle Of Metallic And Semiconducting Nanotubes, Ilya Grigorenko, Anvar Zakhidov Jan 2013

Superconductivity In An Inhomogeneous Bundle Of Metallic And Semiconducting Nanotubes, Ilya Grigorenko, Anvar Zakhidov

Publications and Research

Using Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism for inhomogeneous systems, we have studied superconducting properties of a bundle of packed carbon nanotubes, making a triangular lattice in the bundle's transverse cross-section. The bundle consists of a mixture of metallic and doped semiconducting nanotubes, which have different critical transition temperatures. We investigate how a spatially averaged superconducting order parameter and the critical transition temperature depend on the fraction of the doped semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the bundle. Our simulations suggest that the superconductivity in the bundle will be suppressed when the fraction of the doped semiconducting carbon nanotubes will be less than 0.5, which …

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Nanopillar Array With A Λ/11 Diameter Fabricated By A Kind Of Visible Cw Laser Direct Lithography System, Chen Zhang, K. Wang, J. Bai, S. Wang, W. Zhao, F. Yang, C. Gu, Guiren Wang Jan 2013

Nanopillar Array With A Λ/11 Diameter Fabricated By A Kind Of Visible Cw Laser Direct Lithography System, Chen Zhang, K. Wang, J. Bai, S. Wang, W. Zhao, F. Yang, C. Gu, Guiren Wang

Faculty Publications

Nanoscale functional structures are indispensable elements in many fields of modern science. In this paper, nanopillar array with a pillar diameter far smaller than Abbe's diffraction limit is realized by a new kind of continuous wave (CW) laser direct lithography technology. With atomic force microscopy technology, the average diameter of nanopillars on thin OIR906 photoresist film is about 65 nm and the smallest diameter is 48 nm, which is about 1/11 of the incident laser wavelength. Also, the influences of coma and astigmatism effects to the shape and size of nanopillar are numerically simulated by utilizing vector integral. As far …

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Quantum Computing With Steady State Spin Currents, Brian Matthew Sutton Jan 2013

Quantum Computing With Steady State Spin Currents, Brian Matthew Sutton

Open Access Theses

Many approaches to quantum computing use spatially confined qubits in the presence of dynamic fields to perform computation. These approaches are contrasted with proposals using mobile qubits in the presence of static fields. In this thesis, steady state quantum computing using mobile electrons is explored using numerical modeling. Firstly, a foundational introduction to the case of spatially confined qubits embodied via quantum dots is provided. A collection of universal gates implemented with dynamic fields is described using simulations. These gates are combined to implement a five-qubit Grover search to provide further insight on the time-dependent field approach. Secondly, the quantum …

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Orientation Controllable Epitaxial Vapor-Liquid-Solid Semiconductor Nanowire Synthesis On Silicon Substrate, Sung Hwan Chung Jan 2013

Orientation Controllable Epitaxial Vapor-Liquid-Solid Semiconductor Nanowire Synthesis On Silicon Substrate, Sung Hwan Chung

Open Access Dissertations

Semiconductor nanowires synthesized via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism have attracted extensive research interest in recent years owing to their unique structure as a promising candidate for the future electronic devices. Germanium and silicon nanowires, in particular, are compatible with the current silicon-based technology via direct assembly. However, one of the main challenges for the successful nanowire application in large-scale is the lack of the method for obtaining nanowires in desired positions and directions. Therefore, the comprehensive, systematic understanding of epitaxial nanowire growth and the more suitable method to align nanowires on novel structure are required. In this work, the synthesis …

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Novel Approach Of Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride Langmuir-Schaefer Film On Graphene-Polyaniline Nanocomposite For Supercapacitor Applications, Venkata Priyanka Bolisetty Jan 2013

Novel Approach Of Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride Langmuir-Schaefer Film On Graphene-Polyaniline Nanocomposite For Supercapacitor Applications, Venkata Priyanka Bolisetty

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Supercapacitors are well known for their improvised power density compared to batteries. Ongoing research is mainly focused on improving the energy density of supercapacitors by using different electrode material nanocomposites. The recent research has revealed that graphene (G)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite could be a promising material for supercapacitor applications. The supercapacitor is also associated with self-leakage current regardless of any electrode material. The main objectives of the project are to: (i) synthesize highly fabricate supercapacitor based of G-PANI electrode; (ii) improve the energy density of supercapacitor by applying ultrathin monolayer/monolayers film electrode surface. It is crucial to either improve or retain …

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Properties Of Peg, Ppg And Their Copolymers Influence On The Gap-Fill Characteristics Of Damascene Interconnects, Kevin Ryan Jan 2013

Properties Of Peg, Ppg And Their Copolymers Influence On The Gap-Fill Characteristics Of Damascene Interconnects, Kevin Ryan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A laboratory scale plating cell was built that provided reproducible bottom-up fill results for the electrochemical deposition of copper in damascene features. Several techniques used in the full wafer plating tool were incorporated into the setup to accurately control the process conditions. These techniques included but were not limited to a voltage controlled `hot-entry' step, a custom coupon holder to allow sample rotation, a secondary thief electrode and an automatic entry system. The results of qualification experiments are presented to demonstrate that precise control was realized along with repeatable partial fill plating results. The qualified setup was then used to …

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Ion Beam Modification Of Single Crystal Sapphire For High Temperature Optical Waveguiding, William Spratt Jan 2013

Ion Beam Modification Of Single Crystal Sapphire For High Temperature Optical Waveguiding, William Spratt

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

High temperature environments (>1000°C) provide a significant challenge for fiber optic based sensing due to the poor physical properties of silica fiber at elevated temperature. Not only does silica soften above 1000°C, but the dopants that are responsible for the refractive index change between the core and cladding diffuse, reducing the fibers effectiveness as a waveguide. Single-crystal sapphire fiber has the potential to supplement fiber sensing at high temperature however sapphire fiber is unclad and no cladding methods exist that withstand high temperatures. In addition to higher losses the lack of a cladding also leads to decreased sensitivity due …

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Novel Resist Systems For Euv Lithography : Ler, Chain-Scission, Nanoparticle And More, Brian Cardineau Jan 2013

Novel Resist Systems For Euv Lithography : Ler, Chain-Scission, Nanoparticle And More, Brian Cardineau

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is currently the best option for replacing 193-nm lithography in future IC fabrication. For EUV to be successful, however, there are a number of challenges that must be overcome. Current resist designs struggle to meet the demands of future lithography nodes. We propose the best way to overcome these obstacles is through the design of novel resist systems.

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Ion Beam Nano-Engineering Of Erbium Doped Silicon For Enhanced Light Emission At 1.54 Microns, Sebastian Naczas Jan 2013

Ion Beam Nano-Engineering Of Erbium Doped Silicon For Enhanced Light Emission At 1.54 Microns, Sebastian Naczas

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Erbium doped silicon is of great interest as a potential light source in Silicon Photonics research due to its light emission at 1.54 μm, which corresponds to the minimal loss of optical transmission in silica fibers for telecommunications. In this thesis a basic mechanism for excitation and de-excitation of Er in Si is reviewed. Based on such fundamental understanding, an innovative approach is proposed and implemented to improve Er luminescence properties through the formation of metal nanoparticles via impurity gettering in Si nanocavities.

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Study Of Nickel Silicide Formation By Physical Vapor Deposition Techniques, Shanti Pancharatnam Jan 2013

Study Of Nickel Silicide Formation By Physical Vapor Deposition Techniques, Shanti Pancharatnam

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Metal silicides are used as contacts to the highly n-doped emitter in photovoltaic devices. Thin films of nickel silicide (NiSi) are of particular interest for Si-based solar cells, as they form at lower temperature and consume less silicon. However, interfacial oxide limits the reduction in sheet resistance. Hence, different diffusion barriers were investigated with regard to optimizing the conductivity and thermal stability.

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White-Light And Infrared Emission From Sicxoy-Based Materials, Vasileios Nikas Jan 2013

White-Light And Infrared Emission From Sicxoy-Based Materials, Vasileios Nikas

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The development of a Si-based light source has attracted a high level of attention due to its potential unique advantages. For one, the monolithic integration of photonics on on-chip level along with the microelectronics devices would enhance the data processing rate. Additionally the cost per transmitted/processed information capacity can be significantly reduced.

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Control Over Variability In Nonvolatile Hafnium-Oxide Resistive-Switching Memory Based On Modeling Of The Switching Processes, Brian Jerad Butcher Jan 2013

Control Over Variability In Nonvolatile Hafnium-Oxide Resistive-Switching Memory Based On Modeling Of The Switching Processes, Brian Jerad Butcher

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) technology presents an attractive option for embedded non-volatile (NV) memory systems if its variability (cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device) can be controlled. This dissertation has focused on investigations to identify key mechanisms and parameters which dominate ReRAM variability, and the development of subsequent experimental and simulation-based tools to address this variability. The first component of these efforts entailed identification of the modern-day non-volatile memory technological gaps that have driven the operational requirements and challenges for resistive memory as an emerging NV memory.

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Mueller Based Scatterometry And Optical Characterization Of Semiconductor Materials, Gangadhara Raja Muthinti Jan 2013

Mueller Based Scatterometry And Optical Characterization Of Semiconductor Materials, Gangadhara Raja Muthinti

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Scatterometry is one of the most useful metrology methods for the characterization and control of critical dimensions (CD) and the detailed topography of periodic structures found in microelectronics fabrication processes. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and normal incidence reflectometry (NI) based scatterometry are the most widely used optical methodologies for metrology of these structures. Evolution of better optical hardware and faster computing capabilities led to the development of Mueller Matrix (MM) based Scatterometry (MMS). Dimensional metrology using full Mueller Matrix (16 element) scatterometry in the wavelength range of 245nm-1000nm was discussed in this work. Unlike SE and NI, MM data provides complete …

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Microfluidic-Assisted Atomic Force Microscopy For The Mechanical Characterization Of Soft Biological Materials, Aaron Peter Mosier Jan 2013

Microfluidic-Assisted Atomic Force Microscopy For The Mechanical Characterization Of Soft Biological Materials, Aaron Peter Mosier

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Viable methods for bacterial biofilm remediation require a fundamental understanding of biofilm mechanical properties and their dependence on dynamic environmental conditions. Mechanical test data, quantifying elasticity or adhesion, may be used to perform physical modeling of biofilm behavior, thus enabling the development of novel remediation strategies. To achieve real-time, dynamic measurements of these properties, a novel analysis platform consisting of a microfluidic flowcell device has been designed and fabricated for in situ analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The flowcell consists of microfluidic channels for biofilm establishment that are then converted into an open …

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Probe Immobilization Strategies And Device Optimization For Novel Transistor-Based Dna Sensors, Nicholas Michael Fahrenkopf Jan 2013

Probe Immobilization Strategies And Device Optimization For Novel Transistor-Based Dna Sensors, Nicholas Michael Fahrenkopf

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The research presented herein exploits the terminal phosphate group on single stranded DNA molecules for direct immobilization to surfaces utilized in semiconductor device fabrication with the end goal of transistor based DNA sensors. As a demonstration of the feasibility of this immobilization strategy DNA immobilization to a variety of surfaces was evaluated for usefulness in biosensor applications. It was determined that DNA can be directly immobilized to a variety of semiconductor surfaces through the terminal phosphate group. Further, this immobilization allows for the hybridization of the immobilized DNA to complementary target in solution. The immobilization of DNA to hafnium dioxide …

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Charged Particle Imaging Methods For Cd Metrology Of Sub 22nm 3d Device Structures, Aron Joel Cepler Jan 2013

Charged Particle Imaging Methods For Cd Metrology Of Sub 22nm 3d Device Structures, Aron Joel Cepler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Critical dimension scanning electron microscopes (CD-SEMs) are used to perform highly accurate dimensional metrology on patterned features. In order to ensure optimal feedback for process control, it is necessary that these tools produce highly reproducible measurements. As the smallest device features continue to shrink, and new challenging high aspect ratio (HAR) structures are being introduced, gaps are appearing between process control measurements that are necessary for high volume manufacturing and the capabilities of the CD-SEM. Two possible routes for solving this problem include improvement of the existing CD-SEM technology or the replacement of the CD-SEM.

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The Localized Manipulation Of The Extracellular Matrix Within 3d Collagen Cell Cultures Using A Biomems Device, Ashley N. Clark Jan 2013

The Localized Manipulation Of The Extracellular Matrix Within 3d Collagen Cell Cultures Using A Biomems Device, Ashley N. Clark

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Approximately 90% of all cancer related deaths can be attributed to the occurrence of metastasis. There are multiple changes that occur within the tumor microenvironment that have been correlated with the onset of metastasis. Different cell types, extracellular matrices, blood vessels, and soluble factors are some of the various components that make up the complex, heterogeneous microenvironment that exists within a tumor. The dynamic relationship between tumor cells and their surrounding environment makes it an ideal environment to study triggers of metastasis, such as the modification of the extracellular matrix. Changes in the multiple aspects of extracellular matrix composition have …

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Plasmonic-Based High Temperature Chemical Sensing Using Gold Nanoparticles Embedded In Metal Oxide Thin Films, Nicholas Joy Jan 2013

Plasmonic-Based High Temperature Chemical Sensing Using Gold Nanoparticles Embedded In Metal Oxide Thin Films, Nicholas Joy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Thin metal oxide films embedded with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as high temperature localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing materials to monitor H2, CO, and NO2 at a temperature of 500°C. Applications for this technology include turbine engines as well as other combustion environments where it is important to monitor emission gases for both regulatory purposes as well as combustion control. These high temperature applications, which may be oxidizing or reducing in nature, present challenges to sensor reliability and selectivity, and have therefore necessitated the development of novel sensing devices. While there has been …

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Impacts Of Ion Irradiation On Hfo2-Based Resistive Random Access Memory Devices, Xiaoli He Jan 2013

Impacts Of Ion Irradiation On Hfo2-Based Resistive Random Access Memory Devices, Xiaoli He

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The impacts of ion irradiation on so-called vacancy-change mechanism (VCM) and electrochemical-metallization mechanism (ECM) ReRAM devices based on HfO2 are investigated using various ion sources: H+ (1 MeV), He+ (1 MeV), N+ (1MeV), Ne+ (1.6 MeV) and Ar+ (2.75 MeV) over a range of total doses (105 - 1011 rad(Si)) and fluences (1012 - 1015 cm-2). VCM-ReRAM devices show robust resistive switching function after all irradiation experiments. VCM resistive switching parameters including set voltage (Vset), reset voltage (Vreset), on-state resistance (Ron) and off-state resistance (Roff) exhibited, in most cases, modest changes …

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Understanding Defect Interactions In Si Ultra-Shallow P-N Junctions Formed By Very Low Energy Boron Implantation, Lakshmanan H. Vanamurthy Jan 2013

Understanding Defect Interactions In Si Ultra-Shallow P-N Junctions Formed By Very Low Energy Boron Implantation, Lakshmanan H. Vanamurthy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

One of the biggest challenges in the scaling of CMOS devices is the formation of a highly activated, abrupt, defect free Source drain extension (SDE) region. This is especially difficult with p-FET's because of the (1) Boron diffusion co-efficient enhancement from Transient enhanced diffusion (TED) and (2) low solid solubility of

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Electrical And Optical Characterization Of Carbon Nanotube Diodes, Argyrios Malapanis Jan 2013

Electrical And Optical Characterization Of Carbon Nanotube Diodes, Argyrios Malapanis

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Carbon nanotubes are good candidates for future applications, including nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Their quasi-one dimensional (1D) character offers appealing device properties. These include reduced carrier scattering, carrier mobility up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of materials used in state-of-the-art computer chips today, current densities rivaling those of the best semiconductors, enhanced optical absorption, and band gaps tunable with tube diameter and doping. Recent breakthroughs in research point to the possibility of placing nanotubes precisely on substrates with densities approaching that of transistors on today's computer chips in a way that's integratable with existing Si-based technology. Such …

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The Effect Of Energy Deposition On Pattern Resolution In Electron Beam Lithography, Ananthan Raghunathan Jan 2013

The Effect Of Energy Deposition On Pattern Resolution In Electron Beam Lithography, Ananthan Raghunathan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Electron beam lithography is one of the most important tools for nanofabrication. Electron beam lithography has consistently been able to offer higher resolution, typically better than 10 nm or so, compared to other techniques. In this work the contribution of electron-substrate interaction to pattern resolution is investigated.

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Local Area Mask Patterning Of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Reticles For Native Defect Analysis, Adam Lyons Jan 2013

Local Area Mask Patterning Of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Reticles For Native Defect Analysis, Adam Lyons

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Understanding the nature and behavior of native defects on EUV reticles, particularly their printability, is of critical importance to the successful implementation of EUV lithography for high volume manufacturing, as will be demonstrated in the upcoming chapters. Previous defect characterization work has focused on the examination of programmed defects, native defects on blank reticles, and unaligned native defects on patterned reticles. Each of these approaches has drawbacks, which will be discussed in detail, and the aim of this research is to address these deficiencies by developing a method to pattern features of interest over native defects, enabling the direct observation …

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Defining An Optimal Surface Chemistry For Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture In 2d And 3d, Michael Roy Zonca Jr. Jan 2013

Defining An Optimal Surface Chemistry For Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture In 2d And 3d, Michael Roy Zonca Jr.

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Surface chemistry is critical for growing pluripotent stem cells in an undifferentiated state. There is great potential to engineer the surface chemistry at the nanoscale level to regulate stem cell adhesion. However, the challenge is to identify the optimal surface chemistry of the substrata for ES cell attachment and maintenance. Using a high-throughput polymerization and screening platform, a chemically defined, synthetic polymer grafted coating that supports strong attachment and high expansion capacity of pluripotent stem cells has been discovered using mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as a model system. This optimal substrate, N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA) that is grafted on 2D …

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Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition Of Ruthenium-Titanium Nitride Mixed-Phase Layers For Direct-Plate Liner And Copper Diffusion Barrier Applications, Adam James Gildea Jan 2013

Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition Of Ruthenium-Titanium Nitride Mixed-Phase Layers For Direct-Plate Liner And Copper Diffusion Barrier Applications, Adam James Gildea

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Current interconnect networks in semiconductor processing utilize a sputtered TaN diffusion barrier, Ta liner, and Cu seed to improve the adhesion, microstructure, and electromigration resistance of electrochemically deposited copper that fills interconnect wires and vias. However, as wire/via widths shrink due to device scaling, it becomes increasingly difficult to have the volume of a wire/via be occupied with ECD Cu which increases line resistance and increases the delay in signal propagation in IC chips. A single layer that could serve the purpose of a Cu diffusion barrier and ECD Cu adhesion promoter could allow ECD Cu to occupy a larger …

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Nb Doped Tio2 As A Cathode Catalyst Support Material For Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, Alexander William O'Toole Jan 2013

Nb Doped Tio2 As A Cathode Catalyst Support Material For Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, Alexander William O'Toole

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In order to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels, it is necessary to pursue alternative sources of energy. Transportation is a major contributor to the emission of greenhouse gases due to the use of fossil fuels in the internal combustion engine. To reduce emission of these pollutants into the atmosphere, research is needed to produce alternative solutions for vehicle transportation. Low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are energy conversion devices that provide an alternative to the internal combustion engine, however, they still have obstacles to overcome to achieve large scale …

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Fabrication Of Two-Dimensional Nanostructures On Glass Using Nanosphere Lithography, Elmer Jim Wang Jan 2013

Fabrication Of Two-Dimensional Nanostructures On Glass Using Nanosphere Lithography, Elmer Jim Wang

Wayne State University Theses

It is desired to have artificial optical materials with controllable optical properties. Optical glass is the most common optical material for various applications. This research will attempt to create a thin layer on the substrate with controllable optical properties. The thin layer is a composite material with nanoscale features and controllable refractive index. Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures will be created on the surface of optical glass using nanosphere lithography. In comparison with conventional techniques, this approach is more efficient and cost-effective for the creation of large areas of thin surface layers as an artificial material. A uniform monolayer of nanospheres will …

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Oligospermines For Non-Viral Sirna Delivery, Maha Elsayed Jan 2013

Oligospermines For Non-Viral Sirna Delivery, Maha Elsayed

Wayne State University Theses

In this thesis, delivery systems for siRNA delivery are introduced with special attention to non-viral vectors. Many successful vectors used in vivo were reviewed. Our work focused on the effect of different architectures of oligospermine polmers on their suitability for siRNA delivery in lung cancer cells. Different archituctures showed different polyplex structures and variable transfection efficiencies. Moreover, we presented a review on nanoimprint lithography techniques with an outlook on possible biological applications in the field of gene and drug delivery.

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Application Of Nano-Imprint Lithography For Next Generation Carbon Nanotube-Based Devices, Svitlana Fialkova Jan 2013

Application Of Nano-Imprint Lithography For Next Generation Carbon Nanotube-Based Devices, Svitlana Fialkova

Dissertations

This research report addresses the development of 3D carbon nanostructures that can provide unique capabilities for manufacturing carbon nanotube (CNT) electronic components, electrochemical probes, biosensors and tissue scaffolds. The shaped CNT arrays were grown on patterned catalytic substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The new fabrication process for catalyst patterning based on combination of nano-imprint lithography (NIL), magnetron sputtering and reactive etching techniques was proposed and studied. The optimal process parameters for each technique were evaluated. The catalyst was made by deposition of Fe and Co nanoparticles over alumina support layer on Si/SiO2 substrate. The metal particles were …

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Computational Material Modeling For Mechanical Properties Prediction And A Methodology For Mie Gruneisen Equation Of State Characterization Via Molecular/Nano Scale Cementitious Material Constituents, Ahmed Mohamed Jan 2013

Computational Material Modeling For Mechanical Properties Prediction And A Methodology For Mie Gruneisen Equation Of State Characterization Via Molecular/Nano Scale Cementitious Material Constituents, Ahmed Mohamed

Dissertations

Cementitious materials have complex hierarchical structures with random features that range from nanometer (nm) to millimeter (mm) scale. Processes occurring at the nanometer scale affect the performance at larger length scales. The present work employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as the computational modeling methodology to predict mechanical properties for both hydrated and unhydrated cementitious materials at the molecular/nano scale level. A detailed study on the effect of increasing MD simulation cell size, dynamics time duration on the predicted mechanical properties was performed. Further studies focused on understanding the effect of higher thermodynamic pressure states on predicted …

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