Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Rectus Femoris Hyperreflexia Contributes To Stiff-Knee Gait After Stroke, Tunc Akbas, Kyoungsoon Kim, Kathleen Doyle, Kathleen Manella, Robert Lee, Patrick Spicer, Maria Knikou, James Sulzer

Publications and Research

Background: Stiff-Knee gait (SKG) after stroke is often accompanied by decreased knee flexion angle during the swing phase. The decreased knee flexion has been hypothesized to originate from excessive quadriceps activation.However, it is unclear whether hyperreflexia plays a role in this activation. The goal of this study was to establish the relationship between quadriceps hyperreflexia and knee flexion angle during walking in post-stroke SKG.

Methods: The rectus femoris (RF) H-reflex was recorded in 10 participants with post-stroke SKG and 10 healthy controls during standing and walking at the pre-swing phase. In order to attribute the pathological neuromodulation to quadriceps muscle …

Dectin-1 Mediated Mechanical Force Generation In Candida Albicans Fungal Pathogen Recognition, Rohan Choraghe

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

Candida spp. pathogens continue to be a major health care burden with high mortality and exceeding a billion dollars in terms of healthcare cost. Candidainfection ranges from superficial dermatological infection to more serious blood stream infection in debilitated patients. One of the major lines of innate immune defense against Candidais phagocytosis. Dectin-1 is the antifungal receptor in myeloid cells responsible for most immune responses against fungi including phagocytosis. We looked into the signaling pathway coordinating this mechanical process downstream of Dectin-1. We found that Dectin-1 activation gives rise to a significant mechanical force generation mediated through RHOA-ROCK-MyosinII pathway. …

Novel Material For Advanced Tissue Regeneration, Karrer Mahdi Kadum Alghazali

Theses and Dissertations

Nerve tissue damage or failure can occur for various reasons, including infection, disease, aging, and trauma. The tissue microenvironment (extracellular matrix-ECM) plays a key role in regulating the self-renewal and recovery of damaged tissue. ECM-cell interactions govern cell migration and physiology, with biochemical and biophysical boundaries being the main factors that control ECM-cell interaction. Optimizing these boundaries for the recovering tissue will create a healthy microenvironment to support and enhance the recovery rate (1, 2). We have developed a novel, multidimensional nanocomposite system that incorporates gold nanorods (AuNRs) (aspect ratio of around 3) as an artificial ECM for cell adhesion, …

Wireless Technologies For Implantable Devices, Bradley D. Nelson, Salil Sidharthan Karipott, Yvonne Wang, Keat Ghee Ong

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Wireless technologies are incorporated in implantable devices since at least the 1950s. With remote data collection and control of implantable devices, these wireless technologies help researchers and clinicians to better understand diseases and to improve medical treatments. Today, wireless technologies are still more commonly used for research, with limited applications in a number of clinical implantable devices. Recent development and standardization of wireless technologies present a good opportunity for their wider use in other types of implantable devices, which will significantly improve the outcomes of many diseases or injuries. This review briefly describes some common wireless technologies and modern advancements, …

Aligned Fingolimod-Releasing Electrospun Fibers Increase Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurite Extension And Decrease Schwann Cell Expression Of Promyelinating Factors, Devan L. Puhl, Jessica L. Funnell, Anthony R. D'Amato, Jonathan Bao, Dmitri V. Zagorevski, Yelena Pressman, Daniel Morone, Agnes E. Haggerty, Martin Oudega, Ryan J. Gilbert

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Researchers are investigating the use of biomaterials with aligned guidance cues, like those provided by aligned electro spun fibers, to facilitate axonal growth across critical-length peripheral nerve defects. To enhance the regenerative outcomes further, these aligned fibers can be designed to provide local, sustained release of therapeutics. The drug fingolimod improved peripheral nerve regeneration in preclinical rodent models by stimulating a pro-regenerative Schwann cell phenotype and axonal growth. However, the systemic delivery of fingolimod for nerve repair can lead to adverse effects, so it is necessary to develop a means of providing sustained delivery of fingolimod local to the injury. …

Near Simultaneous Laser Scanning Confocal And Atomic Force Microscopy (Conpokal) On Live Cells, Joree N. Sandin, Surya P. Aryal, Thomas E. Wilkop, Christopher I. Richards, Martha E. Grady

Physiology Faculty Publications

Techniques available for micro- and nano-scale mechanical characterization have exploded in the last few decades. From further development of the scanning and transmission electron microscope, to the invention of atomic force microscopy, and advances in fluorescent imaging, there have been substantial gains in technologies that enable the study of small materials. Conpokal is a portmanteau that combines confocal microscopy with atomic force microscopy (AFM), where a probe "pokes" the surface. Although each technique is extremely effective for the qualitative and/or quantitative image collection on their own, Conpokal provides the capability to test with blended fluorescence imaging and mechanical characterization. Designed …

A Review Paper: Analysis Of Weka Data Mining Techniques For Heart Disease Prediction System, Basma Jumaa Saleh, Ahmed Yousif Falih Saedi, Ali Talib Qasim Al-Aqbi, Lamees Abdalhasan Salman

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Data mining is characterized as searching for useful information through very large data sets. Some of the key and most common techniques for data mining are association rules, classification, clustering, prediction, and sequential models. For a wide range of applications, data mining techniques are used. Data mining plays a significant role in disease detection in the health care industry. The patient should be needed to detect a number of tests for the disease. However, the number of tests should be reduced by using data mining techniques. In time and performance, this reduced test plays an important role. Heart disease is …

A Brief Bibliometric Survey On Circularly Polarized Antennas For Mobile Communication, Aniket Gunjal, Abhaya Pal Singh

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents a database review on “Circularly Polarized Antennas for Mobile Communication” as it is the emerging technique used by mobile service provider because of having benefits over other types of antennas available.The polarization purity is now the major issue. In some cases due to cross polarization issue the antenna signal is cancelled at receiver side.So, it is necessary to have circularly polarized antenna to avoid this polarization issue because of change in phase of signal. The change in phase of signal is due to striking of wave on the obstacles and it slightly tilted from its direction causes …

Multiphysics Computational Model Of Fluid Flow And Mass Transport In Aneurysm, Tanja Cupac

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The abdominal aortic aneurysm is progressive, asymptomatic, and can eventually lead to rupture which is a catastrophic event leading to massive internal bleeding and possibly death. AAA cases have been characterized by the development of an intraluminal thrombus (ILT). The ILT correlates with the progression of hypoxia in the arterial wall. The extent that ILT presence reduces oxygen flux to the wall has not been quantified and there is rather a poor understanding of key parameters that can affect thrombus-mediated oxygen transport in AAA. The purpose of this study is to address this gap and to assess the effects of …

Bacteria Analysis By Using A Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm Based On Droplet Microfluidics, Yulder Daniel Angarita

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sepsis is a major medical problem and massive resources have been invested in developing and evaluating alternative treatments. Statistics indicate that sepsis causes between one third and one half of all hospital deaths in the United States. Sepsis has a high impact on health care in the US, with direct sepsis costs in 2009 exceeding $15.4 billion. A research study found that a 1-hour delay in appropriate antimicrobial care resulted in a 7% - 10% rise in mortality. Several professional societies seek to reduce sepsis mortality by targeting the timely use of diagnostic tests and antimicrobial therapy. The diagnostic instruments …

Functional Characterization Of Petiolule-Like Pulvinus (Plp) Gene In Abscission Zone Development In Medicago Truncatula And Its Application To Genetic Improvement Of Alfalfa, Juan Du, Shaoyun Lu, Maofeng Chai, Chuanen Zhou, Liang Sun, Yuhong Tang, Jin Nakashima, Jaydeep Kolape, Zhaozhu Wen, Marjan Behzadirad, Tianxiu Zhong, Juan Sun, Yunwei Zhang, Zeng-Yu Wang

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops throughout the world. Maximizing leaf retention during the haymaking process is critical for achieving superior hay quality and maintaining biomass yield. Leaf abscission process affects leaf retention. Previous studies have largely focused on the molecular mechanisms of floral organ, pedicel and seed abscission but scarcely touched on leaf and petiole abscission. This study focuses on leaf and petiole abscission in the model legume Medicago truncatula and its closely related commercial species alfalfa. By analysing the petiolule-like pulvinus (plp) mutant in M. truncatula at phenotypic level …

The Investigation Of Surface Structures On Various Pathogens And Their Interactions With The Human Immune System, Carmen M. Villalobos

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

The cell surface is the first interface the host immune system encounters and

its investigation has led to a better understanding of cellular biology and types of

pathways that pathogens target in a host cell. The cell surface has evolved to include

many functions such as manipulation of the cytoskeleton, cell signaling, membrane

trafficking, adhesion, and integration into host tissue. The pathogens of interest are

the pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans, and the parasite, Giardia lamblia and we

investigate the consequences of drug treatments on the cell surface, leading to

promising new targets.

Admittance Method For Estimating Local Field Potentials Generated In A Multi-Scale Neuron Model Of The Hippocampus, Clayton S. Bingham, Javad Paknahad, Christopher Bc Girard, Kyle Loizos, Jean-Marie C. Bouteiller, Dong Song, Gianluca Lazzi, Theodore W. Berger

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Significant progress has been made toward model-based prediction of neral tissue activation in response to extracellular electrical stimulation, but challenges remain in the accurate and efficient estimation of distributed local field potentials (LFP). Analytical methods of estimating electric fields are a first-order approximation that may be suitable for model validation, but they are computationally expensive and cannot accurately capture boundary conditions in heterogeneous tissue. While there are many appropriate numerical methods of solving electric fields in neural tissue models, there isn't an established standard for mesh geometry nor a well-known rule for handling any mismatch in spatial resolution. Moreover, the …

A 3d Image-Guided System To Improve Myocardial Revascularization Decision-Making For Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Haipeng Tang

Dissertations

OBJECTIVES. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and kills over 360,000 people a year in the United States. Myocardial revascularization (MR) is a standard interventional treatment for patients with stable CAD. Fluoroscopy angiography is real-time anatomical imaging and routinely used to guide MR by visually estimating the percent stenosis of coronary arteries. However, a lot of patients do not benefit from the anatomical information-guided MR without functional testing. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a widely used functional testing for CAD evaluation but limits to the absence of anatomical information. …

Microchannel Technology In Cancer Cell Confined-Migration Study And Its Application In Drug Screening, Qionghua Shen

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

PDMS-based microchannel device has been explored to extend the basic platform for three-dimensional (3D) culture models of cell motility study because of its relevant stiffness and designable shape. Moreover, it is easy to add multi-functions (physical cures and biochemical cures) to one single device and provide a more physiologically relevant context to cells migrating inside channels. As recent cell motility studies have proved that cells show different migration strategies in physiologically confined three-dimensional (3D) space compared to a two-dimensional (2D) culture system. Besides, far from unique, when cancer cells are underling the migrating stage, they show increased resistance to chemo- …

Machine Learning And Deep Learning Applications In Neuroimaging, Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Deep Learning (DL) tools have the potential to analyze large datasets and extract meaningful insights to enhance patient outcomes. Radiological images such as MRI and CT, often contain complex patterns that can be difficult and time consuming to evaluate manually. Deep learning algorithms can improve treatment decisions and patient care beyond the realm of research. The goal of this dissertation is to apply advanced deep learning methods in three distinct domains of neuroimaging, 1.fMRI Analysis, 2. MR Image Synthesis, and 3. Clinical applications in brain tumors. First, we developed a new fMRI network inference method named as BrainNET using Machine …

In Vivo Ultrasound-Switchable Fluorescence Imaging And Its Applications, Tingfeng Yao

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

The conventional fluorescence imaging has limited spatial resolution in centimeters-deep tissue because of the tissue’s high scattering property. Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging, a new imaging technique, was recently proposed to realize high-resolution fluorescence imaging in centimeters-deep tissue. Although promising results were achieved in tissue-mimic phantoms or tissue samples, the in vivo USF imaging had not been realized so far. There were two major challenges in realizing in vivo USF imaging. First, the lack of stable near-infrared (NIR) USF contrast agents in a biological environment and the lack of data about their biodistributions. Second, the previous USF imaging systems adopted a …

The Biomechanics Of Cardiac Elastin And Its Role In Bioengineering, Sara R. Mcmahan

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Elastin is an essential structural protein responsible for the elasticity of many tissues, including skin, lungs, blood vessels, and other highly dynamic tissues and organs in the body. In the heart, cardiac elastin has been largely ignored as one of the key players in heart health and functionality. In this study, we will fill the knowledge gap with novel experiments and biomechanical investigations that will allow us to understand the roles of elastin in cardiac biomechanics, as well as explore the bioengineering applications of elastin-rich cardiac tissues. For Aim 1, we performed a biomechanical and ultrastructural comparison of the elastin-rich …

Impact Of Muscular Fatigue And Its Modulation Using Transcranial Photobiomodulation (Tpbm) On The Human Brain Measured By Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Fnirs), Elizabeth Lyde Urquhart

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

When performing exercise, the brain must register and simultaneously integrate input from feedforward (i.e., central command) and feedback (e.g., exercise pressor reflex) neural mechanisms to make appropriate cardiovascular adjustments to meet metabolic demands. Muscle fatigue occurs during prolonged exercise and is characterized by a reduction in force-generating capability of the muscle. Fatigue comprises of two components: central and peripheral fatigue. Peripheral fatigue is produced at or distal to the neuromuscular junction whereas, central fatigue originates in the central nervous system. However, central fatigue’s contribution to peripheral fatigue is less understood and functional neuroimaging is being investigated as a tool to …

Targeting The Oligomannose Biomarker Present On Distinct Subsets Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, Butaek Lim

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Subtypes of B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, including follicular lymphomas, have shown a unique high oligomannose presentation on their immunoglobulins that will interact with natural receptors of the innate immunity, reportedly causing stimulation and proliferation. From next generation deep sequencing of the variable heavy and light chain sequences of follicular lymphoma involved tissue sections, we identified the consensus variable sequences possessing glycosylation sites at the complementarity determining region. Using this information, we developed a cell line, referred to here as BZ, which displays the consensus variable segments as part of a surface antibody (IgM) and confirmed its presentation of high oligomannose …

Modulation Of Physiologic Responses Of Insulin Secreting Cells Using Electrical And Photostimulation, Caleb Nathaniel Liebman

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Islet transplantation is a surgical procedure aimed at providing insulin independence to those suffering with Type I diabetes. Prior to implantation, a therapeutic window exists ex vivo where the cells can be treated in order to improve the procedure’s efficacy. It is well established that physical stimuli are able to affect cellular functionality. Thus the work herein is designed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms by which the insulin secreting β-cells respond to non-invasive electric field stimulation and photobiomodulation. Insulin secreting β-cells are an electrically active cell type and utilize their calcium dynamics to control insulin secretion. The calcium dynamics …

Nanoparticle-Based Approaches In Cardiovascular Diseases, Aneetta E. Kuriakose

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement are commonly employed for myocardial revascularization. These strategies, however, injure the arterial wall initiating a cascade of inflammatory responses that culminates in restenosis. Attempts are currently being made to improve the stents/balloon designs such that they suppress the inflammatory responses and support/enhance in situ reendothelialization. But the healing of the injured artery remains a major challenge. Therefore, in this work, we propose to characterize and identify a suitable fluorescent nanoparticle system that has potential to be used as vascular drug carriers. We also developed nanoparticles (NPs) that could enhance …

Novel Quantification Of Neurovascular Coupling (Nvc) To Predict Brain Injury In Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Yudhajit Das

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Birth asphyxia is a global burden in clinical neonatal care. It results from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts too long during the birth causing physical harm to the brain. The asphyxia insult impairs fetal cerebral blood flow and results in a distinctive neonatal encephalopathy (NE). Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) accounts for a significant proportion of encephalopathic newborns. Currently there is no reliable quantitative metric is available to predict outcome of neurological injury in neonates with HIE at the bedside in the first day of life. My dissertation targets on this gap by developing novel quantification methods of …

Whole-Head Functional Brain Imaging Of Economic Risk Decision Making And Transcranial Photobiomodulation With Fnirs And Eeg, Hashini I. Wanniarachchi Kankanamalage

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) are two non-invasive brain imaging or mapping modalities that allow us to measure cerebral hemodynamic and electrophysiological changes in the human brain, respectively. LABNIRS is a cutting-edge, whole-head, optical brain mapping system with 40 pairs of light sources (at 780 nm830 nm) and 40 detectors, forming up to 133 detection channels. In my study, whole-head LABNIRS and 64-channel EEG were utilized to investigate respective alterations in response to risk decision- making under business context and to non-invasive photobiomodulation. As the first part of my study, I utilized fNIRS (i.e., LABNIRS) as a tool …

Changes In Neural Network Connectivity Of Normal Young Adults In Response To Power Wheelchair Trainer Using Eeg Coherence, Ruby Phung

Masters Theses

The ability to move and explore their surrounding environment plays a critical role in the development of cognitive function in children, especially during early childhood. The lack of independent and autonomous mobility is, therefore, a clear disadvantage for the overall development of children with multiple, severe disabilities. Limited number of studies have been conducted on the impact of power mobility device on this specific population. Previous exploratory and pilot studies showed promising results regarding quantifiable and consistent changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of children with multiple, severe disabilities when provided with power mobility training. This study aimed to further extend …

Analysis Of Center Of Pressure And Center Of Mass To Determine Patterns Of Postural Stability In Neurotypical Subjects, Natalie Tipton

Masters Theses

The body’s postural control mechanism is responsible for responding to perturbations of balance and keeping the body upright. One of the main ways that this is completed during quiet standing, where both feet are planted on the ground, is through center of pressure oscillations. In these oscillations, the center of pressure circles around the center of mass, constantly counteracting any lean that exists in the body. These oscillations can be recorded with floorembedded force plates and center of mass can be recorded with a motion capture system. In this research, these signals were recorded for stances with feet together and …

Decellularization Of Porcine Cartilage Promotes Chondrogenic Differentiation Of Human Chondrocytes, Roxanne Nicole Stone

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is the most common type of osteoarthritis (OA) and accounts for 70% of arthritis-related hospital admissions and 23% of clinical visits. Major limitations in both the current non-surgical and surgical methods are that they only relieve pain and show no evidence for restoring natural tissue anatomy. Leaders in the field propose that a stem cell treatment approach holds promise for the regeneration of a greater proportion of hyaline-like tissue at the repair site. (Cross et al., 2014; Escobar Ivirico, Bhattacharjee, Kuyinu, Nair, & Laurencin, 2017; Helmick et al., 2008; Toh, Foldager, Pei, & Hui, 2014).

It …

A Novel Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biofuel Cell With Mobile Glucose Sensing, Ankit Baingane

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Herein, we report a novel non-enzymatic glucose biofuel cell with mobile glucose sensing. We characterized the power generation and biosensing capabilities in presence of glucose analyte. This system was developed using a non-enzymatic glucose biofuel cell consisting of colloidal platinum coated gold microwire (Au-co-Pt) employed as an anode and the cathode which was constructed using a Gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with a platinum catalyst. The non-enzymatic glucose biofuel cell produced a maximum open circuit voltage of 0.54 V and delivered and a maximum short circuit current density of 1.6 mA/cm2 with a peak power density of 0.226 mW/cm2 at a …

Novel Three-Dimensional Scaffold For Skeletal Muscle Tissue, Matthew H. Clegg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cells are traditionally grown on a flat, plastic surface that has been optimized for cell attachment. While this is appropriate for growing and maintaining cells, this two-dimensional cell culture model is not an adequate representation of a three-dimensional body. Creating three-dimensional lab models is an important step to model diseases and damage to the skeletal muscle system.

To create this three-dimensional environment, a plastic frame was designed to support silkworm fibers. Skeletal muscle cells were then grown along the silkworm fibers and the growth of these cells in a three-dimensional environment was compared to cells grown on a flat, two-dimensional …

Characterization Of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Performance With Pentanoic Acid And N-Acetyl Cysteine Treatment, Joseph Camire

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To improve the cost of producing protein therapeutics manufacturers can attempt to increase the amount of protein produced per unit volume. Some small fatty-acids have shown the ability to increase protein concentrations in some manufacturing systems. An example system is in the industrially important cell line derived from a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO). A drawback of adding these fatty-acids is they can increase the rate of cell death.

A potential way to minimize the cell death rate, caused by adding fatty-acids, is to also add additional anti-oxidants. Through a series of studies, we demonstrate production with different fatty-acids, butanoic acid …