European Languages and Societies Commons^™

10. The Political Thought Of Machiavelli, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section V: The Rise of Capitalism and the National State to 1500

The national state in Western Europe was a new institution, without precedent in the European World. Its rise and almost immediate conflict with the Church challenged political theorists to reexamine the assumptions of a universal church in a universal empire upon which the theory of the two swords was based. These assumptions were so generally accepted that they were not easily abandoned. In the fourteenth century Marsiglia of Padua, for all his disinterest in the two swords, had arrived at his conclusions without denying either the existence of a universal church or the validity of the traditional morality. Other writers …

6. England: A Case Study In Successful Monarchism, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section V: The Rise of Capitalism and the National State to 1500

England led the way to national consolidation and a strong monarchy for a number of reasons. The geographical advantages have already been briefly mentioned. Of some importance were the Anglo-Saxon precedents in force between the seventh and eleventh centuries. Roman Civilization was never much more than a thin veneer in England and with the withdrawal of the Romans this veneer wore away. In its place rose Saxon England, and despite the partially successful invasions of the British Isles by the Northmen a degree of cultural homogeneity developed. In fact, these invasions promoted the levying of a royal tax known as …

4. Roger Bacon And Medieval Science, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section IV: The Medieval Ferment

Throughout the Middle Ages there was little interest in theoretical science as such. Not since the Greeks had nature been considered a sufficient object in and of itself for most of the study that we would call scientific. The Middle Ages ' concern with nature was not its primary concern. The medievalist was interested in nature either as a mirror of the supernatural or as something which could be used in reaching the supernatural. The reappearance of Aristotle's thought and the development of those practical and technical interests which grew up around the problems of trade and industry demanded a …

The Czechs Of Butler County, 1870–1940, Clarence John Kubicek

Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Czechs and their descendents make up one of the large groups that settled and developed the State of Nebraska. While every county of Nebraska may have a few Czechs within its confines, the largest numbers are found in Douglas, Saline, Colfax, Saunders, and Butler Counties.

It is the purpose of this thesis to deal with the Czechs of Butler County. A racial group, Slavic in origination and since the first World War, properly called the "Czechs." The term "Czech" is to be applied, not only to those whose ancestry goes back to Bohemia, but also to those who originally …

8. The National State In Spain, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section V: The Rise of Capitalism and the National State to 1500

The third national state and strong monarchy to be established by the end of the fifteenth century was in Spain. Separated from the rest of the Continent by the lofty and forbidding Pyrenees, Spanish culture developed in relative isolation from the main currents of Europe. The Iberian peninsula had a semi-arid climate, poor soil, and a scarcity of mineral resources. Only when they exploited the mines of Mexico and Peru, or those European lands gained through inheritance or marriage, were Spanish kings wealthy. The country' s poverty obstructed the rise of commerce and industry, limited the cosmopolitanism that accompanied them …

2. St. Francis Of Assisi, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section IV: The Medieval Ferment

A much different expression of the love of this world, and yet one which had certain similarities to the Goliard's, came from St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226). He is probably the one person most people would name as having been most like Jesus. Born in the Italian town of Assisi, the son of a wealthy cloth merchant, he early enjoyed the good things of this life which easily came his way. A desire for military glory was frustrated by illness and imprisonment in an enemy city. During his convalescence something within him began to change. His father, perfectly willing to …

5. Europe Surrenders To Nationalism, 1848-1871, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold L. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XIII: Political Liberalism and Nationalism, 1815-1871

As we have already seen, the year 1848 saw the European continent distracted by insurrectionary outbreaks that touched every one of the major powers. Liberalism and democracy contributed greatly to the undercurrents of discontent under the apparent calm of the previous decade, but it was nationalist aspirations that furnished most of the fuel for the revolutionary fires of that fateful year. In England and France, where the struggle for unification had long before been won, nationalism played no part. It was in Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire that nationalist agitators filled the larger roles in the several revolutions of …

4. Nationalism As An Idea, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold L. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XIII: Political Liberalism and Nationalism, 1815-1871

Nationalism may be described as a state of mind which gives priority to the idea of nationality. Nationality in turn refers to a group of people who pride themselves on their common descent, customs, or traditions. As a rule these people inhabit a well-defined geographic area and are united by a common language. Often they tend to exhibit a collective egoism, convinced that their particular culture and ethnic stock are superior to all others. Some notable exceptions to these generalizations exist, yet even these exceptions are also characterized by what has been called "a living and active corporate will" as …

7. The Making Of France As A National State, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section V: The Rise of Capitalism and the National State to 1500

The west Frankish kingdom of Charles the Bald, which he had received in 843 as his portion of his grandfather's great empire, is geographically the genesis of modern France. In the century of disorder and confusion following the partition of Charlemagne's realm into three kingdoms, government fell into the hands of powerful vassals. From the first, therefore, great lords in France exercised the functions of independent rulers. In 987 they chose one of the weaker of their number, Hugh Capet (987-996), to be king. He and his successors faced two great problems in establishing nationhood in France: how to recover …

5. Immanuel Kant And Critical Idealism, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XII: The Post-Enlightenment Period

The ideas of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) are significant enough to be compared to a watershed in Western thought. In his mind were gathered up the major interests of the Enlightenment: science, epistemology, and ethics; and all of these were given a new direction which he himself described as another Copernican revolution. As Copernicus had shown that the earth revolved around the sun, rather than the sun around the earth, so Kant showed that the knowing subject played an active and creative role in the production of his world picture, rather than the static and passive role which the early Enlightenment …

3. Edmund Burke And Conservatism, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XII: The Post-Enlightenment Period

Edmund Buxke (1729-1797) has often been compared to John Wesley, and there are several bases for such a comparison. Both infused a new life and meaning into the coin temporary formal structure of politics and religion, respectively. Both helped to bring the spoken word to a new level of influence. Both significantly changed the style of speaking and writing, emphasizing the particular and immediate problems rather than abstract and general principles. And both gave a strong moral emphasis to their thoughts and actions. Burke's style has long been considered one of the outstanding models for English prose and oratory. [ …

7. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel And Absolute Idealism, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XII: The Post-Enlightenment Period

It is quite fitting for a number of reasons that this chapter on the post-Enlightenment should conclude with a section on Hegel's interpretation of idealism. He gave expression to most of the criticisms of the Enlightenment, and appropriated many of its constructive suggestions. He gave voice and content to the later period's demand for a positive and constructive philosophy, one which made room for ethics, art, and religion. The influence of his thought was tremendous, immediately in Prussia where it became a philosophical basis for the expansion of that state, and later as it spread to England and the United …

9. The Holy Roman Empire: A Monarchial Failure, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section V: The Rise of Capitalism and the National State to 1500

Royal efforts to create national states and strong monarchies during the later Middle Ages succeeded in England, France, and Spain for different reasons and under different circumstances. In two of the great geographical subdivisions of central Europe the monarchs were not so successful. Eventual unification of Germany and Italy was delayed until the nineteenth century and may be explained by a number of factors, some beyond the control of individual kings and others based on weaknesses in the character of the monarchs themselves.

The political destinies of Germany and Italy became inextricably interwoven with the creation of the Holy Roman …

4. Jeremy Bentham And Utilitarianism, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XII: The Post-Enlightenment Period

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) is the lst Englishman with whom we shall deal in this chapter. His life spanned the years from the Enlightenment almost up to the Victorian Age (1837-1901). His thoughts as well as his dates make him a useful transitional figure. [excerept]

The Phonology Of The Spanish Of El Prado, New Mexico, Martha James Hardman

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The Phonology of the Spanish of El Prado, New Mexico is a descriptive study of the phonetics and phonemics of the Spanish spoken in the area known as El Prado, just north of Taos, New Mexico. Although the Spanish of the entire area surrounding Taos is essentially the same, for the sake of simplicity and convenience the thesis has been limited to El Prado. Also, informants were more readily found in El Prado than in Taos itself.

The purpose of this study is to provide and objective description of a spoken Spanish dialect applying the methodology of linguistics to a …

The Romancero As An Expression Of The Ideology Of The Spanish People: An Analysis Of Medieval Spanish Ideology As Seen In The Oldest Historical Ballads, Glenroy Emmons

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The object of this study is to present the ideology of the Spanish people as it is seen in the oldest of the historical ballads. The method of ballad selection is of vital importance and is based on the following assumptions:

1. The primitive epic (from its origin through the twelfth century) is a near perfect expression of popular ideology.

2. The epic degenerated in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. Degeneration is considered to mean the gradual substitution of chivalresque values for epic values and increasing failure to express popular concepts.

3. The ballads originated as fragments of the …

Luis Cernuda: Poeta De La Soledad Y Del Olvido, Unetta J. Thompson

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Es en Cernuda donde la presencia de Bécquer está más evidente. Cernuda ha escrito un hermoso artículo sobre él, titulado "Bécquer y el romanticismo español" y ha dedicado un poema de Ocnos a él. Muchos han notado en Cernuda una resonancia, una relación con aquel otro poeta sevillano, per de esto hablaré más adelante.

An Edition Of Don Gil De La Mancha, Paul F. Luenow Jr.

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Two manuscripts and a suelta edition of Don Gil de la Mancha are known to exist, and I have used these three in the preparation of this present edition of the play. The suelta is now in the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid and is there identified by the stamped number -- T 19804. One of the manuscripts is possessed by señor Don Arturo Sedó and is included in his collection of theatrical manuscripts in Barcelona. In the Biblioteca Nacional also is the other manuscript of the play under the manuscript number -- 14907.

A Tentative Vocabulary Of Verbs In Two Works Of Juan Manuel, Wayne L. Allison

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Juan Manuel, one of the most distinguished men of his age, was constantly engaged in rebellions and civil wars but, nevertheless, somehow managed to leave to posterity several literary works of considerable importance. He succeeded in making didacticism alive and personal in El Conde Lucanor. He is a prince writing to edify and instruct the people, a man of the world with a keen insight into human character. Like his uncle, King Alfonso X, Juan Manuel was constantly aware that he was writing for the people. His charm consists in the skill with which he uses his narrative to illustrate …

The Melodramatic Element In The Sainetes Of Carlos Arniches, Margaret Jones Dawson

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Carlos Arniches y Barrera (1886-1943) is a dramatist who has been too long and too consistently neglected. From 1888 until his death in 1943 he was a successful playwright from the point of view of the box office, but the critics were inclined to dismiss him an as author of the despised genero chico, a lesser genre and hence unworthy of their attention. Most manuals of literature either ignore him completely or mention him briefly as one more author of short plays. The more generous devote a sentence or two of him.

The Church In Italy, [Clive Paden]

Stone-Campbell Books

A pamphlet describing Churches of Christ in Italy, conversions from Catholicism, information about Italian missionaries and preachers, and exhortations to support these missionaries.

Cuatro Cuentos Españoles Y Un Ensayo Crítico, Reynalda Ortiz Dinkel

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

SI escribir hoy un cuento es tarea de la maxima calidad literaria y obra de creacion artistica se debe a los narradores de siglos pasados, especialmente a los del siglo XIX.

The Influence Of Juan De La Cueva On The Dramatic Technique Of Miguel De Cervantes, Shirley Edelstein

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

During the sixteenth century, the Spanish theater began to indicate the tendencies that the drama was to follow in the Golden Age, although there remained numerous vestiges of medieval drama, consisting principally of religious works called autos or misterios and secular works called farsas or juegos de escarnio. Juan del Encina (1468?-1529?), who is often referred to as the "Father of Spanish Drama," continued the medieval tradition in his works (called eglogas because shepherds usually figure in them), which are mainly religious in subject-matter. However, several are festive in nature and contain the first manifestations of the comic genre, …

Leopoldo Alas And Naturalism In The Spanish Novel, 1881-1892, Charles W. Matlack

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The present essay was prompted by awareness of the need for a study of Spanish naturalism based on the critical and creative works of those writers who flourished in Spain during the years of Emile Zola's greatest popularity, 1880-1892. Leopoldo Alas, "Clarín," was chosen as the central figure primarily because of the importance, still not sufficiently recognized, of La Regenta. The principal problems to be considered are the influences of Zola and his school in Spain, the differences between French and Spanish naturalism, and the relation of Spanish naturalism to traditional realism. It was found that the material could best …

The Gracioso In The Plays Of Don Pedro Calderón De La Barca, Helen Wilborn

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The gracioso in Calderón is a result of a logical development of the comic element in drama. Humor was introduced early in the history of Spanish literature to represent an underlying trait in the character of the Spanish people, and the humorous element was centralized in a certain type of figure by process of a development in which dramatists and novelists for several centuries took part.

Traidor, Inconfeso Y Mártir By José Zorrilla Y Moral, Clara M. Arretche

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Students of Spanish on both high school and college levels are often troubled with terms based on historical, geographical and cultural patterns and with the vocabulary peculiarities and syntax of the language of the nineteenth century. in order to permit a more complete understanding and keener appreciation of the play this edition of the drama, Traidor, Inconfeso y Mártir has been prepared.

The Poetic Technique Of Gil Vicente, Peter John Lunardini

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The important problem at present, however, is the critical analysis of the lyrics found in Vicentine drama. This analysis is two-fold: that of the strophe patterns employed by the poet as well as that of the lyric content of the poems themselves. An analysis of the structure of the songs is of utmost importance since reiteration and rhythm are essential features of popular songs.

A Topical Index, Including Proper Names, To Vecente Espinel's Vida De Marcos De Obregón, Edwin H. Leupold Jr.

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The edition in which is here indexed is that of Samuel Gili Gaya in Clásicos Castellanos, Volume 43 and 51, published in Madrid in 1940.

All entries are listed the first time they appear in the novel and subsequent references to the same entry are included only if additional information is given. Entries are listed in Spanish followed by a translation or note of explanation of parentheses...Only page references are made to entries such as the adventures of Obregón or the numerous moralizing digressions since most of these cover more than one page.

The Metaphorical Image In The Poetic Tragedy Of Federico García Lorca, Jack Edward Tomlins

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Admittedly, to present another study on Lorca appears at first to be a futile task. Critics in Spain, Latin America, England, and the United States have in no way allowed the poet to fall into oblivion; quite the contrary, in numberless articles and critical analyses, Lorca has been praised, applauded, and very nearly deified--often by those who obviously were striving to make political capital of his untimely death. This voluminous output of Lorquian criticism--which is many times composed on an elegiac note and based on high-sounding generalities--prompts the present investigation. This study will explore the reputation which Lorca has earned …

The Concept Of The Renaissance In Modern Historical Fiction, Elizabeth A. Stone

Theses & Honors Papers

No abstract provided.