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Articles 3721 - 3750 of 572289

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Landon’S Salieri: Myth-Busting, Stereotype-Making, And The Narratives Of Eighteenth-Century Music, Yuhan Tian May 2026

Landon’S Salieri: Myth-Busting, Stereotype-Making, And The Narratives Of Eighteenth-Century Music, Yuhan Tian

HAYDN: Online Journal of the Haydn Society of North America

This paper reconsiders H. C. Robbins Landon’s writings on Antonio Salieri, focusing on 1791: Mozart’s Last Year, Mozart: The Golden Years, and Haydn: Chronicle and Works II. It starts from a basic observation: Landon is widely credited with dismantling the story that Salieri poisoned Mozart, yet his books also helped to fix another vivid image of Salieri—as “the arch-intriguer” at the Viennese court. How can the same author both clear away one myth and reinforce another kind of stereotype?

The paper combines close reading with straightforward source criticism and recent work on biography and life-writing. The first section …


Old Crimes, New Eyes: Recent Findings From The Scottish Witch Hunts, Carol Lee Campbell May 2026

Old Crimes, New Eyes: Recent Findings From The Scottish Witch Hunts, Carol Lee Campbell

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

Abstract

Most discussions about the Scottish witch trials have been shrouded in a category of superstition, primarily from historians postulating from the era of the Enlightenment one hundred years afterward. Some have distanced themselves from the witch hunts by universalizing the cases within a monolithic framework. But the data shows that the Scottish witch “panic” was disproportionately more intense than other hunts in Early Modern Europe and England.

In the last generation, however, scholars utilizing interdisciplinary approaches have revisited trial records and their supporting documents- such as confessions and testimonies - which appear to reveal more than just trial outcomes. …


Makna Simbolik Dan Memori Pascakolonial Dalam Cyanotype Fusion Dialogue “Trade Of Faith” Karya Budi Agung Kuswara: Kajian Semiotika Roland Barthes, Wisesa Abrar Mufid Munawwar Wahyuono, A. Syarifuddin Rohman May 2026

Makna Simbolik Dan Memori Pascakolonial Dalam Cyanotype Fusion Dialogue “Trade Of Faith” Karya Budi Agung Kuswara: Kajian Semiotika Roland Barthes, Wisesa Abrar Mufid Munawwar Wahyuono, A. Syarifuddin Rohman

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

The cyanotype artwork Fusion Dialogue: Trade of Faith by Budi Agung Kuswara represents a contemporary art practice that combines cyanotype techniques and mixed media to construct visual narratives of colonialism, trade, spirituality, and cultural identity. This study aims to identify the visual symbols embedded in the artwork and analyze their meanings based on Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with the researcher serving as the primary instrument. Data were collected through observation, documentation, interviews with the artist, and a literature review. Analysis involved symbol identification as well as denotative, connotative, mythological, and aesthetic analyses. The findings …


Profil Kemampuan Awal Keterampilan Produktif Bahasa Jerman Mahasiswa Pemula Pada Level A1 Cefr, Femmy Angreany, Arlian Fachrul Syaputra May 2026

Profil Kemampuan Awal Keterampilan Produktif Bahasa Jerman Mahasiswa Pemula Pada Level A1 Cefr, Femmy Angreany, Arlian Fachrul Syaputra

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

This study aims to describe the initial profile of German productive skills among first-year students of the German Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, based on the A1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive design to systematically portray students’ abilities without applying any specific treatment. The participants consisted of 40 first-semester students from two classes. Data was collected through documentation of the Final Semester Examination results in speaking (Sprechen) and writing (Schreiben) skills, which were adapted from the Goethe-Zertifikat A1: …


Rethinking The Canon: A Conceptual History Of The Layered Foundations Of Western Politics, Dembael Seidi, Muhammad Andi Firmansyah May 2026

Rethinking The Canon: A Conceptual History Of The Layered Foundations Of Western Politics, Dembael Seidi, Muhammad Andi Firmansyah

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Many accounts of Western political history suggest a direct, straight line from Ancient Greece to modern democracy. This article argues that this “Great Books” narrative is a myth that ignores how political ideas actually change over time. Using Reinhart Koselleck’s Begriffsgeschichte (conceptual history) framework, we demonstrate that key terms such as “law” and “citizenship” were not merely preserved but fundamentally transformed as they moved through Greco-Roman, Islamic, and Judeo-Christian civilizations. We call this transformation “conceptual alchemy”: a series of semantic translations through which Greek rationalism was retheorized via Islamic metaphysics and later synthesized by medieval scholasticism. Consequently, rather than a …


Living Narrative, Logan W. Cody May 2026

Living Narrative, Logan W. Cody

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

This unconventional synthesis project uses the frameworks of communication studies and critical theory to explore questions of subjectification and identity. This paper uses a research-based approach to discussing my original piece of art known as autofiction. Simultaneously, this paper tries to use the techniques of art to communicate its meanings to you. I have chosen this style of writing for my research paper precisely because my research (and creative work) deals with narrative, identity, and ideas which cannot be said in words; ideas which have been made impossible to communicate through the official, traditional channels. To that end, in order …


Narrative Roots - What We Inherit, What We Tell, What We Become: Intergenerational Storytelling, Meaning-Making, And Mental Health, Adam Sholder May 2026

Narrative Roots - What We Inherit, What We Tell, What We Become: Intergenerational Storytelling, Meaning-Making, And Mental Health, Adam Sholder

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

This capstone synthesis explores how the family stories we inherit and the stories we tell across generations shape who we become, with particular attention to their impact on identity and mental health. Drawing on narrative identity theory, reflective practice, and relational understandings of family life, it introduces the Recursive Narrative Integration Model, which positions intergenerational storytelling as both a method of inquiry and a mechanism of meaning-making. Informed by a recursive process of creative and reflective writing, this synthesis approaches storytelling not only as an object of study, but as a lived and generative practice through which experience and narrative …


Reading Isabella Hammad And Beyond: The Unsaid – The Point Of Recognizing Turning Points, Narratives (Stories), And Strangers, Rory Conces May 2026

Reading Isabella Hammad And Beyond: The Unsaid – The Point Of Recognizing Turning Points, Narratives (Stories), And Strangers, Rory Conces

Philosophy Faculty Publications

The essay is a reflection on Isabella Hammad’s book, Recognizing the Stranger: On Palestine and Narrative (2024). The essay’s approach is to follow the four themes that reflect the title and the subtitle of the book and to draw out what is unsaid from what is said by Hammad. The unsaid reflects my conceptual and historical baggage, so there is a wide assortment of theorists that I connect Hammad with, including Edward Said, Hannah Arendt, Amartya Sen, Didier Fassin, and Slavoj Žižek.


Haydn’S Creation Challenge: A New Hypothesis About The Genesis Of Beethoven’S Ninth Symphony, Stefan Romanó May 2026

Haydn’S Creation Challenge: A New Hypothesis About The Genesis Of Beethoven’S Ninth Symphony, Stefan Romanó

HAYDN: Online Journal of the Haydn Society of North America

The article hypothesizes that Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony was the product of his decision to take up the challenge that Haydn’s Creation had confronted him with since his youth.  Haydn’s oratorio was immensely popular in Vienna and Germany during Beethoven’s time, more popular than Beethoven’s own music.  It represented the golden standard of musical perfection for Beethoven himself, who strove to equal it, but repeatedly felt that he had not yet jumped over the Creation hurdle.  He took up the challenge in the years 1816-18, when he began designing the first movement of his Ninth, as a replica to the …


Inaugural Lmu Prize For Social Justice For Fiction — Closing Ceremony Remarks: 20th Los Angeles Greek Film Festival, Katerina Zacharia May 2026

Inaugural Lmu Prize For Social Justice For Fiction — Closing Ceremony Remarks: 20th Los Angeles Greek Film Festival, Katerina Zacharia

Classics and Archaeology Faculty Works

This document comprises the closing ceremony remarks delivered by Professor Katerina Zacharia on May 31, 2026, at the 20th Los Angeles Greek Film Festival (LAGFF). The award, funded by the Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts, Department of Classics & Archaeology at Loyola Marymount University, recognizes outstanding fiction films that engage with themes of migration, displacement, identity, and social inclusion in contemporary Greece and the Greek diaspora. The remarks present two inaugural LMU Prizes for Social Justice in the fiction categories. The first award — Best Fiction Short Film — goes to The Wolves Return, written and directed by Stelios …


Critical Geopolitics And The Reconstruction Of Meaning: A Discourse Analysis Of The 'Terrorism' Label Applied To Hamas By Western Hegemony, Cahaya Mulyani Sakti, M.Hamdan Basyar May 2026

Critical Geopolitics And The Reconstruction Of Meaning: A Discourse Analysis Of The 'Terrorism' Label Applied To Hamas By Western Hegemony, Cahaya Mulyani Sakti, M.Hamdan Basyar

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The emergence of Hamas in 1987 cannot be separated from the configuration of modern colonialism and the continuity of occupation that shaped the political reality. Hamas’s early phase was rooted in socio-religious activities through education and community empowerment programs, before evolving into armed resistance against the occupation. The labeling of Hamas as a “terrorist” organization began in the mid-1990s in U.S. legal documents, which subsequently generated debate and gave rise to counter-narratives. This study employs the frameworks of critical geopolitics (Ó Tuathail & Agnew) and the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak) to analyze the labeling of Hamas as “terrorist” by Western hegemony. …


Digital Communication And The Evolution Of Ideological Narratives In Indonesia: Insights From Social Media Platforms, Tia Mariatul Kibtiah, Muhammad Fikri Fawazi May 2026

Digital Communication And The Evolution Of Ideological Narratives In Indonesia: Insights From Social Media Platforms, Tia Mariatul Kibtiah, Muhammad Fikri Fawazi

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This study examines how pro-caliphate and anti-democratic narratives are articulated and normalised within YouTube comment spaces in Indonesia. As the world’s largest Muslim-majority country with high levels of digital engagement, Indonesia provides an important context for analysing how political-religious discourses circulate through everyday digital interaction. The research analyses 1,354 YouTube comments related to the caliphate, governance, and democracy. Data were collected using Google Apps Script, manually filtered for relevance, and examined through qualitative content analysis informed by Social Network Theory (SNT) and the Radicalisation Factor Model (RFM). The findings show that 34.49% of comments endorsed ideological pro-caliphate narratives, while 35.97% …


Racism, Coping, And In-Race Heterosexism Among Asian American Sexually Expansive People: A Moderated Moderation Analysis, Miah Theresse A. Sabas May 2026

Racism, Coping, And In-Race Heterosexism Among Asian American Sexually Expansive People: A Moderated Moderation Analysis, Miah Theresse A. Sabas

Graduate Masters Theses

Asian American sexually expansive people (AA SEP) are at elevated risk of psychological distress at the intersection of racism and heterosexism (Takeda et al., 2021). Less is known about how AA SEP cope with intersectional oppression, including experiences of in-race heterosexism. With a sample of 105 AA SEP, correlations indicated a positive link between psychological distress (PD; DASS-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and racism-related stress (RRS; Brief PEDQ-CV, Brondolo et al., 2005), but not in-race heterosexism (Perceived Racism in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Communities Scale, Sarno et al., 2015). Moderation analyses indicated only active coping buffered the relation between RRS …


Arts On The Point: Boston's First Public Sculpture Park, Isabella Slonka May 2026

Arts On The Point: Boston's First Public Sculpture Park, Isabella Slonka

Honors College Theses

Led by the conviction that “a public campus needs public art,” Professor Paul Tucker founded UMass Boston’s Arts on the Point (AoP) sculpture park in 1997. Large-scale works by world-class contemporary artists including Sol LeWitt, Dennis Oppenheim, Luis Jiménez, Sheila Pepe, and Mark di Suvero were made accessible to students, served as teaching aids and attracted those outside of UMB to Columbia Point. AoP’s use of long term loans made the landscape itself a rotating gallery.

Consideration of the “personality” of the campus was essential in the selection of works. Site visits with artists were conducted to ensure that their …


Talk To Me: Exploring The Sociocultural Ecology Of Home Language And Literacy Practices Of Families In India, Surbhi Puri May 2026

Talk To Me: Exploring The Sociocultural Ecology Of Home Language And Literacy Practices Of Families In India, Surbhi Puri

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Existing research highlights the role of home language and literacy environments (HLLE) in shaping early language and literacy development, yet few studies have examined the practices of multilingual families in India. While home environments offer rich learning opportunities, broader sociocultural and policy contexts influence how families support literacy and language development. Families’ insights into home language use, literacy routines, and cultural practices remain underexplored in early childhood education research.

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the HLLE of preschool-aged children in India and examine how families support early language and literacy development within multilingual home …


Rebranding Untuk Menanamkan Citra Brand Semanis Koe, Novita Priska Anggraeny Matitaputty, Joni Agung Sudarmanto May 2026

Rebranding Untuk Menanamkan Citra Brand Semanis Koe, Novita Priska Anggraeny Matitaputty, Joni Agung Sudarmanto

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

This design project is motivated by the competitive environment among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary sector, particularly dessert products, which requires each business to present a strong, consistent, and distinctive visual identity. An appropriate visual identity is needed to enhance brand image and strengthen consumer perceptions of product quality. This project uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews, indirect observation, and questionnaires to understand the brand characteristics and consumer perceptions. The design process applies the design thinking model, which consists of five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing. In addition, SWOT analysis …


Making Kinship With Plants And The Multiple Meanings Of Care In Amazonian Indigenous Gardens, Ana Gabriela Morim De Lima May 2026

Making Kinship With Plants And The Multiple Meanings Of Care In Amazonian Indigenous Gardens, Ana Gabriela Morim De Lima

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This paper focuses on the bonds of kinship and care between humans, cultivated plants, and other-than-human beings in Indigenous gardens, myths, rituals, and shamanism, across Lowland South America. Drawing on Krahô ethnography and a review of ethnological literature, it highlights the contributions of Americanist ethnology to wider debates about multispecies relation, particularly with regard to vegetal agency. By exploring the ambivalent meanings of care- such as “caring,” “raising,” and “nurturing,” as well as “being careful,” “having respect,” and “taking precautions”- I examine how kinship relations between humans and their cultivated plants are made through care and unmade through its absence …


Working Out Your Self-Image: Strength, Self-Esteem, And Human Flourishing, Kingston K. Christie May 2026

Working Out Your Self-Image: Strength, Self-Esteem, And Human Flourishing, Kingston K. Christie

Honors Projects

This project integrates empirical research in exercise science with theological anthropology to examine the psychological effects of resistance training and the meaning of strength within a Christian framework of human dignity and flourishing. The empirical component investigated the effects of a four-week progressive resistance training intervention on global self-esteem and physical self-concept among undergraduate university students with moderate-to-low baseline self-esteem. Eleven participants (N = 11; 20.15 ± 1.52 yrs) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Physical Self-Description Questionnaire Short Form (PSDQ-S) before and after the intervention, with muscular strength assessed via submaximal testing across the squat, bench press, deadlift, …


Making Noise Through Law: Indigenous Legal Mobilisation Against A Power Plant In “French” Guiana, Pierre Auzerau May 2026

Making Noise Through Law: Indigenous Legal Mobilisation Against A Power Plant In “French” Guiana, Pierre Auzerau

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In so-called “French” Guiana, or Guyane, the Kali’na village of Atopo Wipi has fought for years against a hydrogen power plant being built on their land. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2023 and 2024 in Guyane and Western Europe, where I collaborated with various stakeholders to support Atopo Wipi’s resistance to the power plant, my research focuses on the legal dimensions of the Kali’na’s struggle to protect their land. Specifically, this article examines how the Kali’na navigated different normative frameworks, including international human rights standards and French law, to fight the project. Through this analysis, I show how the …


“Ese Dia Que Se Va El Patron An Hecho Fiesta”.* Historicities Of Successful Resistance Against Hacienda Bosses Among The Kukama (Peru, 1933-1945), Arno R. Holl May 2026

“Ese Dia Que Se Va El Patron An Hecho Fiesta”.* Historicities Of Successful Resistance Against Hacienda Bosses Among The Kukama (Peru, 1933-1945), Arno R. Holl

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This paper analyzes two cases of resistance by Kukama workers within the debt slavery system of habilitación in the Peruvian Amazon during the first half of the twentieth century. It discusses the similarities and differences between the two cases, and positions the workers and their accounts of events and agency within the historical, social and cosmological framework of the time and region. Through the examples studied here, the hierarchies, power dynamics, spirituality, lifestyles, traditions, and cultural changes that shaped Kukama communities at the time become visible from an emic perspective. The paper places special emphasis on how historical events are …


Benjamin Harrison V: The Hidden Founding Father, Jennifer A. Worman May 2026

Benjamin Harrison V: The Hidden Founding Father, Jennifer A. Worman

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Benjamin Harrison V was an avid patriot, central and influential to revolutionary conflict and resolution, yet his contributions to America’s independence have been historically underrecognized due to overshadowing or misrepresentation. His lack of historical subsistence is a result of deliberate strategy from political opponents, obscurity due to his proximity to modernly more famous founders, or both. Primary sources of private and public correspondence place Harrison right where he was in actuality, but history was written with him as a triviality, his name hardly referenced and often omitted from events proven to be misrepresented once original sources are observed. The dissociation …


Out Of Scotland, America Arose, Angela Winters May 2026

Out Of Scotland, America Arose, Angela Winters

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Within the annals of history, the American Revolution and the subsequent Founding Era could rival any other historical time frame for the amount of academic analysis that has been conferred upon the people, the documents, and the overall trends that led up to the world-changing establishment of the United States of America. However, one area that has had comparatively little focus given to it is the contribution of Scottish political writings from centuries of unrest and continual attempts to maintain their sovereign rights as a free people. Often overlooked due to the celebrity-like status of French and English Enlightenment writers, …


M.E. Bradford And The American Founding, Avery White May 2026

M.E. Bradford And The American Founding, Avery White

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

M. E. Bradford (1934-1993), a professor of English at the University of Dallas, wrote several books and essays about the Founding and engaged in a debate with Harry Jaffa about its meaning. Bradford brought a unique perspective to the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Focusing on historical continuity, he argued the Founding occurred in the seventeenth century when settlers were first arriving. The American “Revolution” was a conservative event meant to preserve established institutions, a “preservation by amputation.” Bradford viewed the Declaration as a strictly political document meant to achieve independence and not a statement of revealed principles. This …


Revival Song: The Significance Of Hymns In The First Great Awakening, Kaeley E. Whitacre May 2026

Revival Song: The Significance Of Hymns In The First Great Awakening, Kaeley E. Whitacre

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

This paper highlights the transition in church music during the First Great Awakening in Colonial America. It argues that hymns and new psalmody had a mutually beneficial relationship in the Awakening, as they aided one another in emphasizing personal salvation experiences. Prior to the Awakening, English-speaking churches in Colonial America sung almost exclusively literal translations of Psalms in a more formalized call-and-response format. While current scholarship on the First Great Awakening broadly analyzes the primary tensions and debates within New England churches regarding changes in music, it does not provide a comprehensive overview of the introduction of hymns in Colonial …


Christianity’S Champion In The Early United States: An Analyzation Of Benjamin Rush’S Theological Beliefs And Their Impact On The Ideals For Which He Advocated, Micah Velarde May 2026

Christianity’S Champion In The Early United States: An Analyzation Of Benjamin Rush’S Theological Beliefs And Their Impact On The Ideals For Which He Advocated, Micah Velarde

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Benjamin Rush, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and champion of the fusion of evangelical Christianity in America’s founding. Though somewhat unknown to most, he helped profoundly shape the formation of the United States of America in a variety of ways. His life was greatly influenced by his Christian beliefs and upbringing, having grown up in a devoutly God-fearing family. During his adolescent and young adult years, particularly his time spent studying at Princeton, his biblical worldview was greatly shaped and began to take hold of his life’s work. He subscribed to several ideals and dreams of independence. Through …


New Netherland In Relation To The English Colonies Of Mainland America, Dane D. Urban May 2026

New Netherland In Relation To The English Colonies Of Mainland America, Dane D. Urban

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

While Holland is often overlooked in colonial power politics, she greatly impacted English developments in mainland America through trade and the Anglo-Dutch Wars. The Dutch Republic’s foothold in North America was far from unimportant, as it influenced its neighbors through its sheer economic power. The various continental settlements undeniably saw positive alteration due to direct trade with the Dutch. Without trade, the English may never have thrived or even survived in the New World. An example of this was how the Dutch would exchange food with the English settlers during dire times, possibly saving the early colonies from destruction.

England’s …


Alexander Campbell: The Legacy And Limits Of The American Revolution, Joseph Francis Super May 2026

Alexander Campbell: The Legacy And Limits Of The American Revolution, Joseph Francis Super

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

On October 5, 1829, prominent Virginia leaders gathered in Richmond to debate amending the state constitution originally adopted in 1776. One of the delegates was clergyman Alexander Campbell from Brooke County (now West Virginia), a noted reformer and contrarian. His service at the convention reflected his realistic and decidedly non-triumphalist view of the American Revolution, one informed by the Christian theology undergirding his reform movement, the Disciples of Christ. Campbell believed tensions were an inescapable feature of natural human life. Life in Christ did not make them all disappear; rather, it made them clearer, although still not completely understood or …


Where There Is No Vision, The People Perish: The Evolution Of Strategy During The American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783, Harold Allen Skinner May 2026

Where There Is No Vision, The People Perish: The Evolution Of Strategy During The American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783, Harold Allen Skinner

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Both Great Britain and her thirteen American colonies faced strategic dilemmas at the start of the American Revolution in April 1775. The British possessed overwhelming military power, yet their government could not agree on a strategy to suppress the rebellion. By contrast, the Americans began without a functioning national government and army. Raising a national Continental army was easier than developing a strategy, according to historian Don Higginbotham, “No military genius stood among the [Congressional] delegates––no Hannibal, Turenne, Saxe, Wolfe…” This statement included George Washington, whose service as a militia colonel offered few lessons to influence his role as Continental …


A Terrible Tranquility: John Adams, Christian Stoicism, And The Architecture Of American Virtue, William E. Shook May 2026

A Terrible Tranquility: John Adams, Christian Stoicism, And The Architecture Of American Virtue, William E. Shook

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

This paper challenges the historiographical binary of a “secular” versus “Christian” American founding by examining the intellectual architecture of John Adams during his formative early years. It argues that Adams did not possess a static or fully articulated dogma but instead engaged in a dynamic, lifelong struggle to define virtue amid profound socio-political upheaval. To resolve the tension between the grandeur of Enlightenment liberalism, pagan classical ideals, and his own Christian faith, Adams forged a pressurized personal philosophy: a “Christian Stoicism.” Drawing on a close reading of his private Diary and Autobiography, this study demonstrates that his inherited Puritan …


The Education Of Methodists: Unexpected Outcomes, Taylor Schmalz May 2026

The Education Of Methodists: Unexpected Outcomes, Taylor Schmalz

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

From its founding, the heart of the Methodist church was education. John Wesley believed in the education of Christians, and the church sought out to give everyone a religious education. Two educational initiatives from leaders of the Methodist Church had long lasting ripple effects on American society as a whole. These unexpected outcomes had a large hand in helping social movements, the economy, and advancing medical initiatives. Looking at the Methodist Book of Concern and the Free African Society as case studies can show the Methodists as leaders in education and creating change in societal issues during the process. Methodist …