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Betty Sue Mincey Hill Lundy

African American Funeral Programs

Program for the funeral of Betty Sue Mincey Hill Lundy, held at Miller Grove Missionary Baptist church on November 27,2024

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The Land Of Fairies Of J. R. R. Tolkien: Faërie As The “Middle Earth” Between The World Of Senses And The World Of Ideas, Diego Klautau

Journal of Tolkien Research

This article delves into J. R. R. Tolkien's essay "On Fairy-Stories" with the aim of outlining a giving hermeneutics for the metaphor of "Faërie," the Elfland, in dialogue with the philosophical tradition of Ancient Greece – specially with Plato's "Republic" and Aristotle's "De Anima" and "Poetics", and also the medieval reference of Aquinas’ “Summa Theologica”. The historical context of early 20th-century England and J. R. R. Tolkien's biography assure that he belonged to a Catholic religious and philosophical tradition that claimed the so-called realistic philosophy as the foundation for understanding the world. From this theoretical-methodological approach, one finds a dual …

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“We Are As We Are, And Ye Are As We Find You” (Or, Finrod Elfsplains The Gift Of Ilúvatar): The ‘Athrabeth Finrod Ah Andreth’ As Core Text In Tolkien’S Legendarium, Sara Brown

Journal of Tolkien Research

The "Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth" is a highly problematic text that directly challenges, if not overturns, the eschatology of Tolkien’s legendarium. In combination with the "Tale of Adanel," we are confronted with the possibility that, in the beginning, the Atani were also deathless and that mortality was a punishment, calling into question the nature of the ‘gift of Ilúvatar’.

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Stratigraphic Setting And Lithology Of Mount Scopus Chalk Quarry Cave, Amos Frumkin, Ze’Ev Lewy

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This article describes the geological setting of the Mount Scopus chalk-vessel production and quarry cave. This artificial cave was manually quarried in chalk of the middle of Menuḥa Formation, which consists of tiny calcitic skeletons of micro-organisms living in the open sea. Due to its clay content, this rock unit was easier for quarrying, but also caused stability problems and the breakage of stone vessels during manufacture.

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The Pottery Assemblage From The Mount Scopus Chalk-Vessel Production Cave, Débora Sandhaus

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The pottery from the Mount Scopus chalk-vessel production cave comprises mostly cooking wares, with some storage and table wares, and knife-pared lamps, dating from the first century BCE to 70 CE. A few types continue up to 132 CE, the period between the First and Second Revolts.

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A Second-Temple Period Chalk Quarry And Vessel- Production Cave Complex On Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Jon Seligman, David Amit, Irina Zilberbod

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From the latter half of the first century BCE, an increased observance of Jewish purity laws is evidenced in Judea, focusing on Jerusalem and the Temple. This is further attested by the flourishing chalk-vessel industry, producing vessels for storage and table use, which according to Halakha did not contract impurity. This article is the final report of the chalk-quarry and vessel-production cave complex uncovered on the eastern slope of Mount Scopus, dated by pottery and coins to the first century CE, including a reconstruction of the technology for producing chalk vessels and quantification of vessel types. A few pottery vessels …

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Jewish Ritual Immersion In The Longue Durée: From Earliest Manifestations Until Today, Yonatan Adler

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Jewish ritual immersion has been practiced among Jews for over two thousand years, from the late second century BCE until today. Although much has been written in recent years on various aspects of this ritual as it was performed in different periods, no study has surveyed the practice from the perspective of the longue durée—from its earliest manifestations until the modern era. The present study does just that; it examines the textual evidence and material remains that shed light on how the ritual was performed over the course of the past two millennia, exploring who practiced it in each period, …

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The Rise And Fall Of ‘Purity Culture’ In The Land Of Israel: A Historic Perspective, Zeev Safrai

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This article aims at determining the turning point in the adherence to the Jewish laws of purity in the Land of Israel, considering the situation before ‘the outburst of purity,’ its decline and final cessation. Four different stages were distinguished regarding the practice of purification: (1) prior to the appearance of the ritual bath (miqweh), before the Hasmonean Kingdom; (2) the period of ‘purity culture,’ when purity was widespread, becoming a central religious phenomenon; (3) individual purity; (4) the final decline of purity. Once the ‘purification water’ became unavailable, halakhic immersion was observed only by women, while symbolic purification continued …

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Archaeology, Purity And Society: Some Methodological Reflections, Eyal Regev

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This article examines the assumptions and methodology underlying the correlation between stepped pools and stone vessels and purity laws and practices. It focuses on the way these are interpreted in light of Second Temple period and early rabbinic texts. The article further introduces more complex understandings of the emergence of ritual baths in the Hasmonean period as an expression of Jewish ethnic identity, and the flourishing of ritual baths and stone vessels in the first century CE, as an indication of social individualism.

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Late Roman–Byzantine-Period Ritual Baths At Ḥorbat Susya In Daroma, Yuval Baruch, Ronny Reich

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In the Byzantine period, and especially in the fifth–seventh centuries CE, a unique rural Jewish settlement developed at Susya, in Daroma (southern Hebron Hills). This uniqueness is expressed in various aspects of its material culture, including many ritual baths, which were found in almost every residence, in connection with agricultural production and even beneath the synagogue. This article presents data concerning the ritual baths, with special emphasis on ritual baths located near installations to produce oil and wine, and a ritual bath located in a subterranean space beneath the synagogue, offering a reexamination of the connection between purification and synagogues. …

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Jewish Pilgrimage, Temple Sacrifices And ‘Disposable’ Cooking Pots, Omri Abadi

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From the time of Herod until the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, there was a steady increase in the number of pilgrims in Jerusalem, reaching tens of thousands during each festival. Extensive supplies of ritually pure food prepared in pure cooking vessels were required for the pilgrims’ sacrificial meals in the Temple and throughout the city. A large quantity of cooking pots had to be supplied within a short period of time, and these vessels were like ‘disposable’ cooking pots as they had to be broken at the end of the pilgrimage. In this paper, I suggest identifying the …

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Ritual Purification And Bathing: The Location And Function Of Siloam Pool And Solomon’S Pool In Second Temple Period Jerusalem, Nahshon Szanton

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Excavations at the southern tip of the ancient city of Jerusalem uncovered four pools from the Early Roman period: two, Silwan Pool and Birkat el-Ḥamra, within the city walls, and two smaller pools on the outskirts of the city. This paper provides archaeological data that supports the identification of Birkat el-Ḥamra with Solomon’s Pool and the Silwan Pool with the Siloam Pool, both of which are mentioned in contemporary historical sources. Furthermore, the function of the pools is discussed: the larger, Solomon’s Pool, seems to have been an open swimming pool, while the Siloam Pool was used for ceremonies and …

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A First-Century Bce Chalk-Vessel Assemblage From Har Ḥoma, Jerusalem, And The Beginning Of The Chalk-Vessel Industry, Dennis Mizzi, Ayala Zilberstein, Débora Sandhaus, Rina Avner, Shua Kisilevitz

'Atiqot

A unique assemblage of chalk vessels was unearthed in excavations at Har Ḥoma, five kilometers south of the Old City of Jerusalem. The assemblage, distinguished by the peculiar typology of its vessels, was found in a distinct and stratified fill containing pottery dating to the second half of the first century BCE, and it may be one of the earliest chalk-vessel assemblages uncovered to date. This paper presents a catalogue of the Har Ḥoma assemblage, followed by a brief overview of comparative early assemblages from sites in Jerusalem and Jericho, and a discussion of the archaeological and historical significance of …

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Front Matter & Editorial, The Editorial Board

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Table of Contents and Editorial

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Byzantine And Early Islamic Malacological Remains From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Inbar Ktalav

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The malacological remains presented in this article shed light on the trade and culinary habits of the inhabitants of Jerusalem during the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. All the shells were brought to the site from distant sources, such as the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Nile River, indicating trade connections. The shells seem to have been utilized for aesthetic purposes and for consumption, as also recorded in other excavations in Jerusalem.

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Byzantine And Early Islamic Faunal Remains From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Nimrod Marom

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The excavation in the western part of the City of David uncovered small assemblages of animal remains from the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods, attesting to similar consumption patterns in both occupation phases. The basic suite of domesticates is characteristic of urban settlements in late antiquity, comprising caprines, pigs and cattle, as well as fowl, and possibly fish. This varied diet points to the high-status of the inhabitants of the building.The public and commercial production of pork in the Early Islamic period is noteworthy.

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The Coins From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Donald T. Ariel, Gabriela Bijovsky

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Some 169 coins were retrieved from the excavation of Building 900 in the City of David, all of bronze or copper-alloy. Eight of the coins comprise a small hoard. The isolated coins range in date from the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods until the fourth century CE and probably represent residual finds. The hoard indicates that Building 900 was constructed in the Byzantine period, a date also supported by other finds at the site.

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The Glass Finds From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Tamar Winter

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The excavation of Building 900, located in the City of David, yielded about 1000 small glass fragments, mostly dating to the Late Hellenistic, Early and Late Roman–Byzantine periods, with several dating to the Umayyad period. Also found were 12 windowpane fragments, apparently dating to the Early Islamic period, permitting a reconstruction of their manufacturing process.

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Early Islamic-Period Pottery From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Benjamin J. Dolinka

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A small but significant pottery assemblage dating from the Early Islamic period was retrieved from Building 900 excavated in the Tyropoeon Valley. The assemblage includes vessels typical of the Umayyad period, the early eighth century CE, and the Abbasid period, the ninth century CE. The latest diagnostic sherds date from the mid- to late tenth century CE. This Early Islamic pottery assemblage provides important insights into the occupation history of the area immediately south of present-day Old City of Jerusalem

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The Byzantine Pottery From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Débora Sandhaus

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The Byzantine pottery found in Building 900 was retrieved from two Byzantine-period occupation phases. Most of the pottery forms are of well-known types, characteristic of the Byzantine period in Jerusalem, both locally made and imported. The vessel types are domestic in nature, including utility vessels for cooking and serving, and tableware. Based on the pottery finds, the building seems to have been constructed in the sixth century CE, most likely during its latter half, and served for a short period of time.

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A Byzantine And Early Islamic Building Along The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Nahshon Szanton, Joe Uziel

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Part of a building (Building 900) was uncovered along the Tyropoeon Valley. Three phases of use were identified: the first two dating to the Byzantine period, and the last phase, to the Abbasid period. The plan of the building, along with the quality of construction and some of the small finds, indicate the affluent status of the building’s residents in both periods. The finds from this excavation, together with those of previous excavations in the area, shed light on the residential neighborhood that development on the lower half of the slope of the City of David in the Tyropoeon Valley, …

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The Kamon Cave Survey: A Refuge Cave From The Time Of The Wars Of The Diadochi, Eitan Klein, Amir Ganor, Nir Distelfeld, Boaz Langford, Micka Ullman, Roi Porat, Amos Frumkin

'Atiqot

The archaeological survey of the Kamon cave revealed several groups of finds, including a hoard of coins and jewelry; a cache comprising a lamp with agate beads inside it; several pottery vessels and an arrowhead found together in a rock crevice; and scattered pottery and metal artifacts. Based on the finds, it was concluded that the major period of human activity in the cave was at the beginning of the Hellenistic period, with meager activity during Iron Age IIA. The cave probably served as a refuge for a group of people during the Wars of the Diadochi. This article discusses …

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Fatimid Hoards As Evidence Of The First Crusade And The Establishment Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem (1099–1101), Robert Kool

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Hoards of the Fatimid period have been used by scholars to illustrate a variety of macro-historical developments in the eleventh-century CE Fatimid Empire and Fatimid-ruled Palestine. This is not surprising as the number of Fatimid-period hoards discovered in excavations is very large, totaling 29. However, the deposition of a large share of these so-called ‘Fatimid hoards,’ 15 out of the 29, are in fact important material evidence of the arrival of the armies of the First Crusade in 1099 in southern Syria/Palestine and the territorial expansion of the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem during the first years of the twelfth …

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Jews, Landlords And Peasants In The Ghaznavid Bamiyan Hinterland: A Private Archive From The Eleventh Century (Bamiyan Papers/Afghan Genizah), Ofir Haim

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This paper discusses the ‘Bamiyan Papers,’ also known as the ‘Afghan Genizah,’ which probably originated in the Bamiyan region in present-day central Afghanistan. Particular attention is given here to their earliest phase, comprising the private archive of Yehuda ben Daniel, a Jewish landowner residing in early Ghaznavid Bamiyan in the first half of the eleventh century, who plays a central role in this study. The archive documents shed significant light on the interaction between an urban private landowner and the rural population, with specific emphasis on his tenants. By closely examining two texts from the archive, this paper illuminates the …

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Trash Or Cache? The Textile Evidence From The NahׅAl ‘Omer Middens As An Indicator Of Early Islamic-Period Trade Networks Along Israel’S Silk Road, Orit Shamir, Berit Hildebrandt, Roy Galili, Nofar Shamir, Guy Bar-Oz

'Atiqot

Middens provide an important source of data for exploring the history of ancient settlements. Excavations at the middens of Naḥal ‘Omer, an Early Islamic way-station in the ‘Arava desert, yielded a treasure-trove of textiles, such as silk and cotton, including ikats probably imported from India or South Arabia. The Early Islamic period witnessed a flourishing of artistic and cultural achievements, with textiles playing a central role in expressing creativity. The Silk Road, Mediterranean trade routes and connections with India and Central Asia facilitated the movement of textiles and inspired cross-cultural influences. This period probably witnessed a “textile revolution” that was …

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Coins In Niches: Enigmatic Coin Deposits In The Southern Church Of Shivta, Yotam Tepper, Yoav Farhi

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Three churches are known in Shivṭa: the Northern, the Central and the Southern. All three were fully excavated by the Colt expedition in 1934–1938. Recently, a full documentation of the exposed walls was undertaken, recording the remains of paintings, engravings and inscriptions. When the Transfiguration scene on the southern apse of the Southern Church was re-examined in this project, three coin deposits were revealed. In this paper we will present the data and offer an interpretation thereof.

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A Treasure From Nahal Shalva: Exquisite Jewelry And A Coin Hoard From The Days Of The Bar Kokhba Revolt, Yael Abadi-Reiss, Gabriela Bijovsky, Shua Amorai-Stark, Naama Sukenik, Shoshana Israeli, Emil Aladjem

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A female skeleton adorned with unique jewelry items, and accompanied by a sword and cosmetic tools, was discovered within a pit at the site of Naḥal Shalva. Near the skeleton was a hoard of silver and gold coins from the days of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, which were kept in at least two linen purses. The hoard and its owner are the focus of this article, discussed in relation to the nearby settlement and the possible circumstances that led to their deposition at the site in the Early Roman period.

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Lots Of Pots: Cooking-Pot Deposits In Early Roman Jerusalem, Tehillah Lieberman, Barak Monnickendam-Givon, Salome Dan-Goor

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Extensive excavations over the last few decades in and around Jerusalem have yielded large quantities of cooking vessels, including instances of intentional cooking-pot deposits. Since not all concentrations of cooking pots can be grouped as a single phenomenon, this article aims at categorizing and defining the different categories of cooking-pot deposits in Early Roman Jerusalem to better understand each occurrence and to offer a refined interpretation thereof. This allows us to trace and evaluate different processes and behaviors prevalent in Jerusalem during the Early Roman period. It also sheds light on the dynamics of interaction between the local population, visitors …

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Hoard Of Ptolemaic Coins Found In Murabba‘At Cave Ii In The Judean Desert, Eitan Klein, Gabriela Bijovsky, Amir Ganor, Hagay Hamer, Oriya Amichay, Chaim Cohen, Esther Eshel, Mark Cavanagh, Dafna Langgut, Eitan Kremer, Yigal Sitry, Naama Sukenik

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Murabba‘at Cave II is situated in the cliffy area on the northern bank of Naḥal Darga, about 2 km west of the Dead Sea. It is a complex cave formed by the dissolution of Shivṭa-Formation limestone below the water table. Its total length is approximately 90 m and it has three levels. Previous excavations have shown the cave to be one of the richest in the Judean Desert in terms of finds from various periods. Among the many finds was an ancient wooden box containing a Ptolemaic coin-hoard from the reign of Ptolemy VI, which was discovered in a crevice …

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A Cache Of Astragali From Tel Nagila, Lidar Sapir-Hen, Joe Uziel, Aren M. Maeir, David Ilan, Matthew Susnow

'Atiqot

This paper presents a cache of 31 astragali from the site of Tel Nagila, dating to the Middle Bronze Age. This is the earliest known cache of astragali from the Southern Levant outside tombs, and may be the forebearer of the later caches found in cultic contexts in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. This paper presents the context in which the cache was found, adjacent to a tower that functioned as part of the site’s fortifications; the social mechanisms behind the use of astragali; their deposition in a cache; and how the cache may have related to the function …

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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Betty Sue Mincey Hill Lundy

African American Funeral Programs

The Land Of Fairies Of J. R. R. Tolkien: Faërie As The “Middle Earth” Between The World Of Senses And The World Of Ideas, Diego Klautau

Journal of Tolkien Research

“We Are As We Are, And Ye Are As We Find You” (Or, Finrod Elfsplains The Gift Of Ilúvatar): The ‘Athrabeth Finrod Ah Andreth’ As Core Text In Tolkien’S Legendarium, Sara Brown

Journal of Tolkien Research

Stratigraphic Setting And Lithology Of Mount Scopus Chalk Quarry Cave, Amos Frumkin, Ze’Ev Lewy

'Atiqot

The Pottery Assemblage From The Mount Scopus Chalk-Vessel Production Cave, Débora Sandhaus

'Atiqot

A Second-Temple Period Chalk Quarry And Vessel- Production Cave Complex On Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Jon Seligman, David Amit, Irina Zilberbod

'Atiqot

Jewish Ritual Immersion In The Longue Durée: From Earliest Manifestations Until Today, Yonatan Adler

'Atiqot

The Rise And Fall Of ‘Purity Culture’ In The Land Of Israel: A Historic Perspective, Zeev Safrai

'Atiqot

Archaeology, Purity And Society: Some Methodological Reflections, Eyal Regev

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Late Roman–Byzantine-Period Ritual Baths At Ḥorbat Susya In Daroma, Yuval Baruch, Ronny Reich

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Jewish Pilgrimage, Temple Sacrifices And ‘Disposable’ Cooking Pots, Omri Abadi

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Ritual Purification And Bathing: The Location And Function Of Siloam Pool And Solomon’S Pool In Second Temple Period Jerusalem, Nahshon Szanton

'Atiqot

A First-Century Bce Chalk-Vessel Assemblage From Har Ḥoma, Jerusalem, And The Beginning Of The Chalk-Vessel Industry, Dennis Mizzi, Ayala Zilberstein, Débora Sandhaus, Rina Avner, Shua Kisilevitz

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Front Matter & Editorial, The Editorial Board

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Byzantine And Early Islamic Malacological Remains From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Inbar Ktalav

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Byzantine And Early Islamic Faunal Remains From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Nimrod Marom

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The Coins From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Donald T. Ariel, Gabriela Bijovsky

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The Glass Finds From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Tamar Winter

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Early Islamic-Period Pottery From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Benjamin J. Dolinka

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The Byzantine Pottery From Building 900 In The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Débora Sandhaus

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A Byzantine And Early Islamic Building Along The Southern Tyropoeon Valley, Nahshon Szanton, Joe Uziel

'Atiqot

The Kamon Cave Survey: A Refuge Cave From The Time Of The Wars Of The Diadochi, Eitan Klein, Amir Ganor, Nir Distelfeld, Boaz Langford, Micka Ullman, Roi Porat, Amos Frumkin

'Atiqot

Fatimid Hoards As Evidence Of The First Crusade And The Establishment Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem (1099–1101), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

Jews, Landlords And Peasants In The Ghaznavid Bamiyan Hinterland: A Private Archive From The Eleventh Century (Bamiyan Papers/Afghan Genizah), Ofir Haim

'Atiqot

Trash Or Cache? The Textile Evidence From The NahׅAl ‘Omer Middens As An Indicator Of Early Islamic-Period Trade Networks Along Israel’S Silk Road, Orit Shamir, Berit Hildebrandt, Roy Galili, Nofar Shamir, Guy Bar-Oz

'Atiqot

Coins In Niches: Enigmatic Coin Deposits In The Southern Church Of Shivta, Yotam Tepper, Yoav Farhi

'Atiqot

A Treasure From Nahal Shalva: Exquisite Jewelry And A Coin Hoard From The Days Of The Bar Kokhba Revolt, Yael Abadi-Reiss, Gabriela Bijovsky, Shua Amorai-Stark, Naama Sukenik, Shoshana Israeli, Emil Aladjem

'Atiqot

Lots Of Pots: Cooking-Pot Deposits In Early Roman Jerusalem, Tehillah Lieberman, Barak Monnickendam-Givon, Salome Dan-Goor

'Atiqot

Hoard Of Ptolemaic Coins Found In Murabba‘At Cave Ii In The Judean Desert, Eitan Klein, Gabriela Bijovsky, Amir Ganor, Hagay Hamer, Oriya Amichay, Chaim Cohen, Esther Eshel, Mark Cavanagh, Dafna Langgut, Eitan Kremer, Yigal Sitry, Naama Sukenik

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A Cache Of Astragali From Tel Nagila, Lidar Sapir-Hen, Joe Uziel, Aren M. Maeir, David Ilan, Matthew Susnow

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