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Articles 23551 - 23580 of 572802

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Glass Vessels From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Pp. 141–146), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Pp. 141–146), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The excavation at Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) yielded some 90 small glass fragments, nearly two-thirds of them diagnostic. Most of the glass finds date from the Late Hellenistic (second half of the first century BCE) and Early Roman (second half of the first century CE) periods. Several pieces date from the Late Roman period, and a few, from the Byzantine period. Most of the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman vessels were free-blown, a few were cast, and one piece was mold-blown. The glass assemblage from Khirbat Burnat is typical of the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods; however, only few assemblages …


Settlement Remains From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–68*; English Summary, Pp. 157–159), Hagit Torge Jan 2025

Settlement Remains From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–68*; English Summary, Pp. 157–159), Hagit Torge

'Atiqot

Excavations at Site 8a at Khirbat Burnat (Southwest), within the Modi‘in Region Industrial Zone, revealed remains of a simple oil press (bodeda) and a cooking pot dating to Iron Age II; fragmentary walls, potsherds, a stone altar and metal objects from the Persian period; and agricultural terraces and scattered finds from the Byzantine period. Most of the remains, however, belong to a large rural dwelling complex, which was occupied during the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods (second century BCE–second century CE). Nine buildings and three courtyards were identified, all founded on bedrock and connected with passageways. Several installations were …


Er-Rujum (Sha‘Alabim East): An Intermediate Bronze Age (Eb Iv) Site In The Ayyalon Valley (Pp. 75–140), Ianir Milevski, Elisabetta Boaretto, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Elisheva Kamaisky, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nili Liphschitz, Sariel Sade, Sariel Shalev Jan 2025

Er-Rujum (Sha‘Alabim East): An Intermediate Bronze Age (Eb Iv) Site In The Ayyalon Valley (Pp. 75–140), Ianir Milevski, Elisabetta Boaretto, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Elisheva Kamaisky, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nili Liphschitz, Sariel Sade, Sariel Shalev

'Atiqot

At the site of Er-Rujum, located on the western slopes of the Ramallah Anticline in the northern part of the Ayyalon Valley, an Intermediate Bronze Age site was discovered below Ottoman-period rujums. The architecture at the site comprised broadrooms, with a central space and passages between them, demonstrating similarities with other Intermediate Bronze Age buildings excavated in the Jordan Valley and the Judean Hills. The finds at the site included pottery typical of the Southern Family, dominated by storage jars, flints, groundstone tools, a metal blade and beads, as well as faunal and botanical remains; pottery dating to Middle Bronze …


The Early Bronze Age Iv Site At Sha‘Ar Ha-Golan (With A Contribution By Steven A. Rosen) (Pp. 1–73), Emanuel Eisenberg Jan 2025

The Early Bronze Age Iv Site At Sha‘Ar Ha-Golan (With A Contribution By Steven A. Rosen) (Pp. 1–73), Emanuel Eisenberg

'Atiqot

Excavations undertaken in two separate areas (100, 200) at Sha‘ar Ha-Golan, revealed the remains of domestic structures dating to Early Bronze Age IV. These represent the remains of a single-stratum rural settlement that extended over some 200 dunams, one of the largest settlements of this period that have been exposed so far in the country. The structures are multi-roomed rectilinear buildings, with dwelling units comprising three or more rooms. The plans of the buildings are not unified; most of them have a large central broadroom, its roof sometimes supported by columns, which stood on stone bases. Additional elements, such as …


A Decorated Bronze Platter From Kafr Misr (Pp. 227–241), Sara Lutan-Hassner Jan 2025

A Decorated Bronze Platter From Kafr Misr (Pp. 227–241), Sara Lutan-Hassner

'Atiqot

The finding circumstances of the platter from Kafr Misr could not enlighten us regarding its date, artistic origins or provenance. Therefore, a detailed iconographic and stylistic analysis of the images portrayed on the platter was undertaken, in an attempt to decipher its enigma. The artistic analysis points to Christian iconography, as manifested in Byzantine art of the tenth and eleventh centuries CE. The article discusses relevant comparisons to other artistic data from the period and offers a reconstruction of the route of the platter to Kafr Misr in the Lower Galilee.


Petrographic Examination Of Plaster From The Umayyad Aqueduct To Ramla (Pp. 221–225), Alexander Tsatskin Jan 2025

Petrographic Examination Of Plaster From The Umayyad Aqueduct To Ramla (Pp. 221–225), Alexander Tsatskin

'Atiqot

The plaster from the Umayyad aqueduct to Ramla was analyzed petrographically to identify its composition and the phases of application. It was established that the aqueduct was coated with several layers of plaster at different stages. The plaster layers differ in quality, the first episode represented by a high-quality pink plaster and the last, by a whitish plaster of inferior quality.


The Inscription From ‘En Hazeva (P. 191), Joseph Naveh Jan 2025

The Inscription From ‘En Hazeva (P. 191), Joseph Naveh

'Atiqot

Remnants of at least two lines of text were traced on one of the narrow sides of a stone figure from ‘En Hazeva. The script seems to be Aramaic, but the geographical context points to the possibility that the script may be Edomite.


The Umayyad Aqueduct To Ramla And Other Finds Near Kibbutz Na‘An (Pp. 193–219), Amir Gorzalczany Jan 2025

The Umayyad Aqueduct To Ramla And Other Finds Near Kibbutz Na‘An (Pp. 193–219), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

The remains of the aqueduct, which led water to the city of Ramla during the Umayyad period, were exposed along 150 m. The aqueduct, running generally east–west, was well preserved. A detailed description of its construction technique is rendered, as well as an account of the consequences of its destruction. A calculation of the aqueduct’s rate of flow is discussed, based on calculations of the roughness coefficient (friction)of the plaster. Finally, a reconstruction of the course of the aqueduct along ten kilometers is offered, based on other findings along its proposed route. The meager small finds included potsherds, an inscribed …


Provenance Of The Clay Artifacts From The Favissa At ‘En Hazeva (Pp. 185–189), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Provenance Of The Clay Artifacts From The Favissa At ‘En Hazeva (Pp. 185–189), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

The cultic objects from the Favissa at ‘En Hazeva were examined petrographically to determine their origin. The analysis aimed at aiding in assessing whether the vessels were manufactured locally, in the ‘En Hazeva region, or were imported from Edom. The data retrieved was checked against other petrographic studies of ‘Edomite pottery’ in the region, from the Arava, the Negev and Jordan.


Temple Furniture From A Favissa At ‘En Hazeva (Pp. 107–175), Sara Ben-Arieh Jan 2025

Temple Furniture From A Favissa At ‘En Hazeva (Pp. 107–175), Sara Ben-Arieh

'Atiqot

The finds from the favissa at ‘En Hazeva represent a cultic assemblage that had been used in a temple that existed at the site at the end of the Iron Age and was intentionally buried. The objects retrieved from the favissa included anthropomorphic statues, cylindrical stands, bowls, goblets, tripod cups, pomegranate-shaped pendants, stone altars and a stone human statue. The cultic vessels are well-grounded in the religious iconography of the Ancient Near East in general and the Levant in particular. These finds resemble those from Ḥorbat Qitmit, where they were defined as Edomite. However, no indication of the deity worshipped …


The Cultic Assemblage From ‘En Hazeva: The Restoration Process (Pp. 177–183), Michal Ben-Gal Jan 2025

The Cultic Assemblage From ‘En Hazeva: The Restoration Process (Pp. 177–183), Michal Ben-Gal

'Atiqot

This article describes the restoration process of the cultic vessels recovered from the Favissa at ‘En Hazeva. The objects were broken into very small pieces, which made their mending a challenging task. At the end of the restoration process, 70 clay vessels and objects were restored; most had a complete profile. It was evident that several vessel groups were made of the same batch of clay and fired under similar conditions, perhaps even made by the same potter. This may suggest that there was a functional affinity between the vessels and that they were most likely used together.


A Provenance Study Of Two Tell El-Yahudiyeh Vessels And Other Middle Bronze Age Iia Pottery Types From Tel Burga (Pp. 99–105), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

A Provenance Study Of Two Tell El-Yahudiyeh Vessels And Other Middle Bronze Age Iia Pottery Types From Tel Burga (Pp. 99–105), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Six Middle Bronze Age IIA ceramic vessels from the soundings at Tel Burga were studied petrographically, including two Tell el-Yahudiyeh vessels, one shoulder-handle jug and three piriform juglets. The aim of the analysis was to re-evaluate the previously proposed source of the Tell el-Yahudiyeh vessels and to determine the relationship between this puncture-decorated pottery and the plain ware at the site.


A Built Tomb From The Middle Bronze Age Iia And Other Finds At Tel Burga In The Sharon Plain (With A Contribution By Daphna Ben-Tor) (Pp. 69–98), Amir Golani Jan 2025

A Built Tomb From The Middle Bronze Age Iia And Other Finds At Tel Burga In The Sharon Plain (With A Contribution By Daphna Ben-Tor) (Pp. 69–98), Amir Golani

'Atiqot

Two soundings were conducted within the limits of Tel Burga (Areas A, B). Exposed in Area A were an occupation level, consisting of several rounded shallow pits; three primary articulated adult burials; and a stone-built subterranean tomb, revealing two burial phases. The burials may be part of a cemetery within the confines of the Middle Bronze Age IIA settlement. In Area B, two architectural phases were encountered, pointing to the existence of a massive building, preceded by an earlier structure. All the pottery from the site, from both areas, was dated to MB IIA. Two scarabs, from the stone tomb …


Human Skeletal Remains From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef: A Paleodemographic Study (Pp. 65–67), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef: A Paleodemographic Study (Pp. 65–67), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The skeletal remains from the burial cave near Ḥorbat Zelef were very poorly preserved. In this article, only teeth from the Late Bronze Age I and II levels are presented, belonging to a minimum of 27 individuals. Fortunately, the tooth assemblage was large enough to reconstruct basic demographic parameters of the Ḥorbat Zelef population.


Provenance Of The Early Bronze Age Iii Khirbet Kerak Ware And Intermediate Bronze Age Vessels From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 59–63), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Provenance Of The Early Bronze Age Iii Khirbet Kerak Ware And Intermediate Bronze Age Vessels From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 59–63), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

The Khirbet Kerak Ware from the burial cave at Ḥorbat Zelef was analyzed petrographically to identify the raw materials of the vessels. It was hypothesized that they were locally made in one of the neighboring Jezreel Valley production centers. In addition, Intermediate Bronze Age vessels were examined petrographically to define and identify the raw material and to compare it with the material used in the production of Early Bronze Age III pottery.


A Rock-Cut Burial Cave From The Early, Intermediate And Late Bronze Ages Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 1–46), Karen Covello-Paran Jan 2025

A Rock-Cut Burial Cave From The Early, Intermediate And Late Bronze Ages Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 1–46), Karen Covello-Paran

'Atiqot

The burial cave is located in the modern village of Shibli, on the northeastern slope of Mount Tabor. In the cave, five burial levels were identified, dating to Early Bronze Age IIB (V), Early Bronze Age III (IV), the Intermediate Bronze Age (III), Late Bronze Age I (II) and Late Bronze Age II (I). The burial goods from the cave include various prestige items, such as an axe head from EB I; bronze, carnelian and alabaster objects, as well as imported pottery vessels and heirloom scarab seals from LB I; and imported Cypriot pottery and jewelry from LB II. The …


Scarabs From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 47–57), Othmar Keel, Stefan Münger Jan 2025

Scarabs From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 47–57), Othmar Keel, Stefan Münger

'Atiqot

Fourteen scarabs were retrieved from the Late Bronze Age I burial level at Ḥorbat Zelef. The assemblage is relatively homogeneous, mostly dating to the Middle Kingdom, some are imported from Egypt and some are local products. Their placement within a well-dated LB I burial context upholds that they were preserved for several generations as heirlooms, and finally used as a funerary deposit.


Settlement Remains From The Chalcolithic Period And Middle Bronze Age Ii At Naḥal Guvrin (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–32*; English Summary, Pp. 245–246), Pirhiya Nahshoni Jan 2025

Settlement Remains From The Chalcolithic Period And Middle Bronze Age Ii At Naḥal Guvrin (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–32*; English Summary, Pp. 245–246), Pirhiya Nahshoni

'Atiqot

The Naḥal Guvrin site is located on a low hill along the western fringe of the southern Shephelah, c. 150 m south of the Naḥal Guvrin streambed. The excavation revealed the remains of a previously unknown Chalcolithic site of the Ghassulian-Be’er Sheva‘ Culture (Stratum II; Areas A1, A2) superposed by the remains of a Middle Bronze Age II village (Stratum I; Areas A2, B1, B2), identified in an earlier survey. The pottery from the Chalcolithic period comprises mainly storage vessels, probably attesting to the storage of agricultural products that were produced at the site. The pottery from the later stratum …


The Flint Assemblage From Naḥal Guvrin (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–36*; English Summary, P. 247), Hamoudi Khalaily Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From Naḥal Guvrin (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–36*; English Summary, P. 247), Hamoudi Khalaily

'Atiqot

The excavation at Naḥal Guvrin yielded 64 flint items, among them 10 tools, 5 from each layer. In addition, two ground-stone tools, made of flint pebbles, were recovered. Although only two strata, from the Chalcolithic period and the Middle Bronze Age, were identified in the excavation, the flint tools hint at the presence of a third occupation phase during the Early Bronze Age.


The Bone And Horn Industry In Late Ottoman Nazareth: The Evidence From Shihab Ad-Din (Pp. 61*–80*), Noa Raban-Gerstel, Guy Bar-Oz, Yotam Tepper Jan 2025

The Bone And Horn Industry In Late Ottoman Nazareth: The Evidence From Shihab Ad-Din (Pp. 61*–80*), Noa Raban-Gerstel, Guy Bar-Oz, Yotam Tepper

'Atiqot

Animal bones recovered from excavations at Shihab ad-Din, Nazareth, provide an important source of knowledge about diet and subsistence practices in the past. The faunal remains presented in this report were retrieved from Crusader/Mamluk and Ottoman strata, and indicate bone-tool manufacturing at the site. The present study demonstrates that comprehensive analysis of such faunal assemblages can provide primary data on the diversity of the animals exploited, as well as on butchering and consumption patterns. Such studies can provide important information that eventually will enable us to evaluate issues of broader social importance.


A Soap-Production Factory From The Ottoman Period In Sūq Al-Fakhir, The Old City Of Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 119–138; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Tawfiq Da'adli Jan 2025

A Soap-Production Factory From The Ottoman Period In Sūq Al-Fakhir, The Old City Of Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 119–138; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Tawfiq Da'adli

'Atiqot

Sūq Khān al-Zayt, the central of three parallel markets, crosses Jerusalem’s Old City from north to south. A salvage excavation conducted in one of the market stores revealed four main phases (A–D). The hall where the excavations were carried out was established during Phase B. It comprises three pairs of parallel pillars, within which a series of installations were constructed. Some of the installations are coated with hydraulic plaster, others were identified as ovens. The installations were probably in thesoap industry, with ovens and vats used to boil oil as part of the productionprocess. These installationsmay have been part of …


Ottoman Clay Tobacco Pipes From Ramla (Pp. 43*–53*), Anna De Vincenz Jan 2025

Ottoman Clay Tobacco Pipes From Ramla (Pp. 43*–53*), Anna De Vincenz

'Atiqot

The pipes from the excavations at the Central Bus Station in Ramla are mostly early types dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They seem to be of local manufacture, except for one, which may be an import from Turkey, as it bears a Turkish inscription. Only one fragment of a nineteenth-century pipe with a lily-shaped bowl was found in this assemblage. Thirty-three pipes are presented in the catalogue, including a detailed description of their designs.


Coins From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Ramla (Pp. 55*–60*), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman Jan 2025

Coins From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Ramla (Pp. 55*–60*), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman

'Atiqot

The excavations at the Central Bus Station in Ramla brought to light 74 coins, of which 55 were identified. Except for five residual finds dating to the Byzantine period and one thirteenth-century Crusader copper, the coin finds can be dated securely to the mid-fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries CE. These are copper fulus that are regularly found in sites of the period.


Remains Of Buildings And Workshop Stores(?) From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods On The Outskirts Of Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 91–118; English Summary, Pp. 91*–92*), Hagit Torge Jan 2025

Remains Of Buildings And Workshop Stores(?) From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods On The Outskirts Of Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 91–118; English Summary, Pp. 91*–92*), Hagit Torge

'Atiqot

Excavations at the Ramla central bus station exposed remains from the Mamluk (late thirteenth–early fourteenth centuries CE) and Ottoman periods. In Area A, a cistern, dated to the Late Mamluk–Early Ottoman periods, was exposed. In Area B, ten phases were exposed, mostly represented by plaster floors; all dated to the Mamluk period. A large quantity of Mamluk-period pottery, including deformed and unfinished pots, was recovered from pits in this area; these appear to be debris from a pottery workshop. In Area C, seven phases were exposed, mainly comprising plaster floors dating from the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. The earliest remains …


Byzantine-Period And Later Remains At Ḥorbat Massah (Hebrew, Pp. 81–90; English Summary, Pp. 89*–90*), Danny Syon Jan 2025

Byzantine-Period And Later Remains At Ḥorbat Massah (Hebrew, Pp. 81–90; English Summary, Pp. 89*–90*), Danny Syon

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted near the cemetery of modern Kefar Tavor uncovered the remains of a large building from the Byzantine period, with evidence of a brief reuse during the Mamluk period. The finds included pottery dating to the Byzantine, Early Islamic (the majority), Crusader and Mamluk periods. Four coins were found, covering the Ptolemaic, Byzantine and Crusader–Ayyubid periods. Chronologically meaningful finds were a fragment of a limestone colonette bearing a cross, a marble slab with a decoration in relief and a small bronze hasp decorated with a cross. The items decorated with crosses suggest a Christian population, and the …


A Late Tenth-Century Fatimid Coin Purse From Bet She’An (Pp. 31*–41*), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman, Orit Shamir, Yotam Tepper Jan 2025

A Late Tenth-Century Fatimid Coin Purse From Bet She’An (Pp. 31*–41*), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman, Orit Shamir, Yotam Tepper

'Atiqot

During salvage excavations on the southern outskirts of Bet She’an, a hoard of Islamic silver currencies and one gold coin, dating to the end of the tenth century CE, was uncovered fused with textile fragments, which are probably the remains of a purse. A total of 131 cut silver dirham fragments were identified. The coin catalogue presents 20 cut dirham fractions, which bore inscriptions that facilitated their classification.


An Iron Age And Hellenistic-Period Site Near Be’Er Sheva‘ (With A Contribution By Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 61–80; English Summary, P. 88*), Yigal Israel, Oded Feder Jan 2025

An Iron Age And Hellenistic-Period Site Near Be’Er Sheva‘ (With A Contribution By Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 61–80; English Summary, P. 88*), Yigal Israel, Oded Feder

'Atiqot

The site is located on the northern bank of Naḥal Be’er Sheva‘. The remains of two pits dated to Iron Age II were uncovered, as well as five subterranean complexes from the Hellenistic period. Some of the subterranean complexes continued in use as dwellings even after the collapse of their ceilings. A small number of pottery vessels from Iron Age II (seventh century BCE) were found. The finds from the Hellenistic period include pottery vessels, loomweights, a jar stopper, fragments of millstones and round pounding-stones, as well as animal bones. The subterranean architecture continues local traditions from the Chalcolithic period, …


The Rural Hinterland West Of Tel Hazor (Hebrew, Pp. 27–39; English Summary, Pp. 84*–85*), Edna Amos, Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

The Rural Hinterland West Of Tel Hazor (Hebrew, Pp. 27–39; English Summary, Pp. 84*–85*), Edna Amos, Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations along the route of the Tel Hazor bypass road exposed a range of activities from many different periods, both from the time when Hazor was at the height of its prominence and during periods when the tell was abandoned. The evidence consisted of winepresses, shafts, quarries, cupmarks, caves and a curing installation(?). These findings shed light on the function and exploitation of the areas surrounding the ancient city of Hazor on the north and west, e.g., for wine production, burial grounds and as quarries, as early as the Middle Bronze Age and until the Byzantine period.


An Iron Age Ii Dwelling Cave On The Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 41–59; English Summary, Pp. 86*–87*), Nurit Feig Jan 2025

An Iron Age Ii Dwelling Cave On The Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 41–59; English Summary, Pp. 86*–87*), Nurit Feig

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations in the ash-Sheikh neighborhood, on the southern ridge of the Mount of Olives, uncovered the remains of a dwelling cave, a burial cave and an area of hewn rock. The dwelling cave’s opening was enclosed by stone-built walls and its beaten-earth floor contained pottery sherds. Two phases were uncovered in the cave, both from Iron Age II (eighth–seventh centuries BCE). Dwelling caves are a well-known phenomenon in the hill country and desert regions, serving populations living in remote areas. This cave was probably part of the late Iron Age II settlement network extending along the road from Jericho …


Seals And Figurines From The Beginning Of The Early Chalcolithic Period At Ha-Gosherim (Hebrew, Pp. 1–26; English Summary, Pp. 81*–83*), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Seals And Figurines From The Beginning Of The Early Chalcolithic Period At Ha-Gosherim (Hebrew, Pp. 1–26; English Summary, Pp. 81*–83*), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ha-Gosherim yielded a rich and unique assemblage of artistic objects from the beginning of the Early Chalcolithic period (fifth millennium BCE): twenty-two stone stamp-seals and two bone female figurines. Made of local stone, most of the seals appear to have been manufactured on-site; however, a few seals were apparently made of chlorite and seem to have been brought to the site as finished artifacts. The designs on the seals vary and comprise geometric patterns alongside faunal and floral motifs, and even human faces or masks. This large assemblage of seals attests to the strong ties the Ha-Gosherim settlement …