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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

The Archaeozoology Of Bronze Age Offerings From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 75–100), Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

The Archaeozoology Of Bronze Age Offerings From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 75–100), Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

The animal remains recovered during the salvage excavations in Cave 900 were interspersed among human skeletal remains, ceramics, weapons and ornaments. It is apparent that the faunal remains represent exclusively domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus) that were slaughtered as part of Bronze Age mortuary rituals. This assemblage provides additional evidence for the widespread nature of the funeral feast in both the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age IIB.

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A Cache Of Iron Quarrying Tools From Excavations Near Jerusalem’S Third Wall (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

A Cache Of Iron Quarrying Tools From Excavations Near Jerusalem’S Third Wall (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

A group of quarrying tools was recovered from Area B of the Third Wall excavations, approximately 400 m northwest of Damascus Gate, Jerusalem. The tools were found side-by-side, one atop the other, and therefore, seem to be part of a stonemason’s tool kit. Among the tools are splitting wedges and wedge slats. This is the first time that so large a group of ancient quarrying tools has been exposed in situ in an archaeological excavation. The tools were probably used in a quarry dating to the Second Temple period.

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The Anthropological Remains From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–74), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Anthropological Remains From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–74), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age II were exposed in Burial Cave 900. The MB II burials were found in two superposed levels. Despite the fragmentary nature of the bones, children and adults of both sexes were identified.

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Petrographic Analysis Of Seven Vessels From Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 69–70), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Petrographic Analysis Of Seven Vessels From Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 69–70), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Seven Middle Bronze Age II vessels from Cave 900 were analyzed. They were divided into two petrographic groups: Group 1, which included a bowl and a ring flask, and Group 2, which included two Tell el-Yahudiyeh juglets, a jug and a juglet; the rhyton can be related to either of the two groups. The raw materials of both groups are available near the site.

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The Scarab From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 71–72), Daphna Ben-Tor Jan 2025

The Scarab From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 71–72), Daphna Ben-Tor

'Atiqot

The offerings in Burial Cave 900 included one glazed steatite scarab, which originated in the lower Middle Bronze Age II burial level. Its design is not attested on any known example; however, it displays characteristics indicating it is a local Canaanite production.

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Pottery And Small Finds From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 33–67), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Pottery And Small Finds From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 33–67), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

A total of 107 pottery vessels were discovered in the cave, dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age II. The Intermediate Bronze Age assemblage was found in situ and as such, is an important contribution to the study of this period in greater Jerusalem. The finds from this period include jars, a four-spouted lamp and a stopper. The MB II pottery includes piriform juglets, globular bowls, jugs, store jars and dipper juglets. Three unique specimens were found: an unusually decorated Tell el-Yahudiyeh juglet; a ring flask—the earliest of its kind in Canaan; and an intact bull-shaped rython. …

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An Intermediate Bronze Age Presence At Tel Yizra‘’El (With A Contribution By Ofer Marder And Howard Smithline) (Pp. 1–16), Howard Smithline Jan 2025

An Intermediate Bronze Age Presence At Tel Yizra‘’El (With A Contribution By Ofer Marder And Howard Smithline) (Pp. 1–16), Howard Smithline

'Atiqot

Excavations on the eastern slope of Tel Yizra‘’el, near the spring of ‘En Yizra‘’el, revealed two periods, represented mainly by ceramic finds: the Intermediate Bronze Age, and, to a lesser extent, Early Bronze Age III. The discovery of an Intermediate Bronze Age habitation at Tel Yizra‘’el fills a lacuna in the Intermediate Bronze Age settlement pattern on the western foothills of Mt. Gilboa, at the south–central approach to the Jezreel Valley.

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Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 17–32), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 17–32), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

Burial Cave 900 in Naḥal Refa’im, Jerusalem, exposed two main burial phases: the early phase dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age and the later, to Middle Bronze Age II. The finds from the Intermediate Bronze Age layer included the bones of a single individual and several pottery vessels. Above this layer were two MB II burial levels: the early level included the remains of 12 individuals, attesting to a multiple burial, and the later level comprised seven burial groups, each representing the secondary burial of one individual and his personal items, as well as animal bones.

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Ottoman Clay Tobacco Pipes And Nargile Heads From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 97–102), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Ottoman Clay Tobacco Pipes And Nargile Heads From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 97–102), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Clay tobacco pipes and nargile heads were unearthed in the flour mills in the Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko. They were most probably used by the workers of the mills. Based on previous researches and studies, the tobacco pipes and the nargile heads should be dated between the eighteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries CE.

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The Coins From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 159*–160*; English Summary, P. 119), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 159*–160*; English Summary, P. 119), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

The excavations in the flour-mills compound yielded 15 coins. The earliest coin dates to the Byzantine period and the latest, to the first years of the State of Israel. Most of the coins date to the Ottoman period, pointing to the main period when the mills operated, in the first half of the nineteenth century CE.

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The Ceramic Finds From The Ottoman Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 83–96), Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

The Ceramic Finds From The Ottoman Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 83–96), Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

The pottery assemblage from the excavation of the ‘Akko Mills includes mainly Late Ottoman wares (eighteenth–nineteenth centuries CE), as well as two earlier sherds dating to the Crusader and Mamluk periods. The Ottoman pottery includes unglazed local wares, Rashaya el-Fukhar painted wares, imported cooking vessels and imported glazed bowls and a basin. The findings indicate that imported vessels were not considered luxury ware and were used by the workers in the mills for daily consumption. The pottery was probably brought to ‘Akko by sea, reflecting the local and international maritime trade that took place at the port of ‘Akko during …

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Architectural Analysis Of The Flour-Mill Compound In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 141*–157*; English Summary, Pp. 116–118), Amir Freundlich Jan 2025

Architectural Analysis Of The Flour-Mill Compound In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 141*–157*; English Summary, Pp. 116–118), Amir Freundlich

'Atiqot

In the course of conservation works carried out in the flour-mill compound in ‘Akko, the remains of the mills were documented and their various elements and methods of operation were studied. An analysis of the water-powered technology indicated that the mills were operated by the slanting-chute technology. The water from Naḥal Na‘aman was conveyed to the mills by channels. These mills are part of the flour-production industry that flourished in the country during the Ottoman period.

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The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Gerald Finkielsztejn) (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–140*; English Summary, Pp. 113–115), Yoav Lerer Jan 2025

The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Gerald Finkielsztejn) (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–140*; English Summary, Pp. 113–115), Yoav Lerer

'Atiqot

The flour mills, located on an island southeast of Tel ‘Akko, were powered by water, which was diverted to the mills by means of channels. The excavations exposed fifteen pairs of millstones set within five buildings. Pottery finds and Zanjid coins attest that the mills operated as early as the Crusader period (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE); the main period of use was in the Ottoman period, from the eighteenth until the beginning of the twentieth centuries CE.

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Fragments Of A Roman-Period Wall Painting At ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Pp. 77–79), Silvia Rozenberg Jan 2025

Fragments Of A Roman-Period Wall Painting At ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Pp. 77–79), Silvia Rozenberg

'Atiqot

Seventy-five painted plaster fragments were found in the Roman villa excavated on the northern bank of Naḥal Refa’im. The fragments are painted in basic colors: white, red, green and black. The poor technique and the dullness of the colors indicate that the murals should be dated between the late second and the early third centuries CE.

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Coins From ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Pp. 81–82), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

Coins From ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Pp. 81–82), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Eleven bronze coins were found, none of them were in situ. The earliest coins date to the Hasmonean period (first century BCE), and the rest date to the fourth century CE, probably relating to the pottery kiln exposed at the site.

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A Villa And A Pottery Kiln From The Late Roman–Byzantine Periods At ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–119*; English Summary, Pp. 107–110), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

A Villa And A Pottery Kiln From The Late Roman–Byzantine Periods At ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–119*; English Summary, Pp. 107–110), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

The excavation on the northern bank of Naḥal Refa’im in Jerusalem unearthed the remains of three occupation phases: architectural remains from the late Hellenistic or Early Roman period (Stratum III); part of a Roman villa (Stratum II); and a pottery kiln from the Late Roman–Early Byzantine periods (Stratum I). Sections of two rooms belonging to the Roman villa were exposed; the southern room was decorated with colored wall paintings, and its floor was adorned with mosaics. The villa may have been part of an estate granted to a Roman army veteran or officer. Above the ruins of the villa, a …

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A Mosaic Floor With Xenia At ‘En YaʻAl (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 121*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 111–112), Rina Talgam Jan 2025

A Mosaic Floor With Xenia At ‘En YaʻAl (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 121*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 111–112), Rina Talgam

'Atiqot

Two rooms of a Late Roma-period villa were exposed on the northern bank of Naḥal Refa’im, Jerusalem. The southern room was paved with a white mosaic floor adorned with two colored panels: one, enclosed in a wide frame, contains xenia that usually adorn the floors of dining or reception rooms, and the other, is adorned with an intersecting rosette pattern. The composition, the colors and the quality of the mosaics indicate a third-century CE date.

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Excavations At The Nabatean Site Of ‘En Tamar (Pp. 49–71), Tali Erickson-Gini Jan 2025

Excavations At The Nabatean Site Of ‘En Tamar (Pp. 49–71), Tali Erickson-Gini

'Atiqot

A structure was uncovered at ‘En Tamar, located south of the Dead Sea. Most of the ceramic finds and the glass material from the structure date to the Late Roman period (second–early third centuries CE). Earlier ceramic material, dated to the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods (second century BCE–early first century CE), along with Nabatean coins from these periods, were also found. The abandonment of the site in the early third century CE fits a pattern of abandoned sites that was observed in a number of sites in the Negev, possibly due to the spread of epidemic.

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The Glass Vessels From ‘En Tamar (Pp. 73–75), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Vessels From ‘En Tamar (Pp. 73–75), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the salvage excavation at ‘En Tamar were in relatively poor condition. They comprise fragments of bowls, beakers and bottles, dating to the second−third centuries CE; one bottle dates to a later presence at the site, in the eighth−ninth centuries CE.

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Subterranean Complex 147 At Maresha: The Construction Phases Of The Columbarium (Pp. 37–48), Ian Stern, Bernie Alpert, Amos Kloner Jan 2025

Subterranean Complex 147 At Maresha: The Construction Phases Of The Columbarium (Pp. 37–48), Ian Stern, Bernie Alpert, Amos Kloner

'Atiqot

Excavations in Subterranean Complex 147 in Maresha revealed several building phases of the large columbarium. The fill within the installation consisted of pottery ranging in date from the Iron Age II through the Hellenistic period, mainly from the second century BCE. Columbaria had an important function in the lifestyle of the local population in the Judean Shephelah in general, and at Maresha in particular. This is connected with fact that pigeons were a source of food, a cultic offering, and their droppings were used as fertilizer.

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A Chalcolithic Settlement At Tel Shevaʻ (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–69*; English Summary, P. 106), Yael Abadi-Reiss Jan 2025

A Chalcolithic Settlement At Tel Shevaʻ (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–69*; English Summary, P. 106), Yael Abadi-Reiss

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations at Tel Shevaʻ uncovered the remains of a Chalcolithic-period settlement. The architectural remains consisted mainly of pits of different sizes and types, which were dug into the loess soil; they served as refuse pits in their final stage of use. The fill within the pits comprised soil and ash accumulations, mixed with potsherds, flints and animal bones, reflecting a broad range of domestic activities that had once been carried out on surface level. The site appears to have been the largest of the Ghassulian-culture sites in the Be’er Shevaʻ Valley.

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Late Ptolemaic Assemblages Of Metal Artifacts And Bronze Coins Recovered Off The Coast Of ‘Atlit (Pp. 1–35), Ehud Galili, Danny Syon, Gerald Finkielsztejn, Varda Sussman, Guy D. Stiebel Jan 2025

Late Ptolemaic Assemblages Of Metal Artifacts And Bronze Coins Recovered Off The Coast Of ‘Atlit (Pp. 1–35), Ehud Galili, Danny Syon, Gerald Finkielsztejn, Varda Sussman, Guy D. Stiebel

'Atiqot

Artifacts uncovered during underwater excavations and surveys in the northern bay of ‘Atlit were assigned to seven assemblages dating to the Hellenistic period. The finds include a ship’s prow, a battering ram, a horse bridle and bit, bronze coins, square lead scale weights, lead pyramidal fishing sinkers, a bronze oil lamp and a lead sling shot. Some of the scale weights are inscribed and dated; most of the lead pyramidal fishing sinkers relate to a weight standard common in northern Phoenicia. It is assumed that several or all of the finds originated in the same wreckage event, possibly the consequence …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Remains From The End Of The Early Chalcolithic And The Late Chalcolithic Periods At Kaukab Springs In The Western Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–41*; English Summary, P. 103–105), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Remains From The End Of The Early Chalcolithic And The Late Chalcolithic Periods At Kaukab Springs In The Western Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–41*; English Summary, P. 103–105), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Excavations at the Kaukab Springs site revealed two Chalcolithic-period strata: one from Early Chalcolithic 3 (Stratum III) and the other from the Late Chalcolithic (Stratum II). The site is important for the study of the transition between the Early Chalcolithic 3 and the Late Chalcolithic periods. The architectural traditions and the finds from each of these periods indicate a clear relationship between the Galilee sites and ‘En ‘Esur, as well as local variations in the region between the Sharon plain and the Galilee. After its abandonment in the Late Chalcolithic period, the site was reoccupied in the Intermediate Bronze Age.

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Remains Of An Early Islamic Settlement And A Hellenistic (Roman?) Tomb At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, Pp. 170–173), Elena Kogan-Zehavi Jan 2025

Remains Of An Early Islamic Settlement And A Hellenistic (Roman?) Tomb At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, Pp. 170–173), Elena Kogan-Zehavi

'Atiqot

Excavation at the site, located within the modern city of Rehovot, uncovered two occupation levels: from the Hellenistic and Roman periods (Stratum 1) and from the Early Islamic period (Stratum 2). The earlier stratum included the remains of a tomb hewn in kurkar. The later stratum included four architectural phases (I–IV) of a building that was constructed in the eighth century and continued to exist until the mid-ninth century CE. The finds within the building included pottery and glass vessels, metal artifacts, coins and two pieces of cotton textile. A gemstone, depicting the god Zeus and dating to the …

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The Pottery From Stratum 2 At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 91*–104*; English Summary, Pp. 173–175), Miriam Avissar Jan 2025

The Pottery From Stratum 2 At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 91*–104*; English Summary, Pp. 173–175), Miriam Avissar

'Atiqot

Stratum 2 of Kogan-Zehavi’s excavations at Khirbat Deiran yielded pottery dating from the eighth to mid-ninth centuries CE. The earlier, Phase I, pottery included Fine Byzantine Ware and buff-colored vessels, dating from the second half of the eighth century CE. The Phase II pottery was very rich, presenting types common in the ninth century CE: glazed and unglazed bowls, baggy-shaped jars and saqiya vessels, buff-colored jugs and a decorated oil lamp. The ceramic finds from Phase III were dominated by jars. Only a few sherds, including a yellow-glazed bowl decorated with sgraffito, were recovered from Phase IV.

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The Coins From Naḥal Daliya(Umm Tut)(Hebrew, Pp. 71*–75*; English Summary, P. 70), Helena Sokolov Jan 2025

The Coins From Naḥal Daliya(Umm Tut)(Hebrew, Pp. 71*–75*; English Summary, P. 70), Helena Sokolov

'Atiqot

Thirty-eight coins were uncovered in the excavations at the site, of which twenty-seven were identified. The coins range in date from the third to the seventh centuries CE.

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Building Remains And An Installation From The Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods At Naḥal Daliya (Umm Tut) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 168–170), Ianir Milevski, Hamoudi Khalaily Jan 2025

Building Remains And An Installation From The Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods At Naḥal Daliya (Umm Tut) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 168–170), Ianir Milevski, Hamoudi Khalaily

'Atiqot

The pottery from the cave, comprising bowls, platters, jugs/cups, jars, pithoi and an amphoriskos, was mostly eroded. The flint assemblage included 198 artifacts: the debitage was dominated by primary elements and flakes; the debris comprised local large chunks. Among the tools were Canaanean blades. A single copper dagger was also found in the cave. The finds from the cave date from Early Bronze AgeI to Early Bronze AgeIV and are characteristic of the central and southern regions of the country.

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An Islamic Amulet From Khirbat El-Ni‘Ana (Pp. 163–164), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss Jan 2025

An Islamic Amulet From Khirbat El-Ni‘Ana (Pp. 163–164), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss

'Atiqot

A bronze amulet was found during the excavations at Khirbat el-Ni‘ana. Its obverse is artistically decorated with the motif of an arch supported by two pillars, from which hangs a mosque lamp. The reverse contains an eight-line pseudo-Arabic inscription.

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