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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

The Pottery Assemblages From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 101–140), Anna De Vincenz Jan 2025

The Pottery Assemblages From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 101–140), Anna De Vincenz

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet revealed ceramic finds from two archaeological contexts: a small pool, and a house and a well. The ceramic material was dated to the Hellenistic (the fourth to the second centuries BCE) and late Byzantine/Umayyad periods.

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Remains From The Hellenistic–Early Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 75–100), Walid Atrash, Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

Remains From The Hellenistic–Early Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 75–100), Walid Atrash, Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet in the Jezreel Valley revealed four settlement strata: Stratum IV (Hellenistic period) yielded pottery and a coin, but no architectural remains; Stratum III (Roman period) included the remains of a bathhouse; Stratum II (Byzantine period) yielded the remains of a house and a plastered installation; and Stratum I (Early Islamic period) yielded pottery and coins, but no architectural remains. The bathhouse pool (natatio) yielded a large number of tubuli and fragments of a marble statue of Heracles that might have adorned it.

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Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243), Ayelet Dayan, Dor Golan, Yoav Arbel Jan 2025

Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243), Ayelet Dayan, Dor Golan, Yoav Arbel

'Atiqot

The excavation conducted at Bene Beraq yielded remains dating from Middle Bronze Age II and the Byzantine, Early Islamic and Ottoman periods. Five poorly preserved tombs and a pottery kiln were dated to the end of MB IIA–beginning of MB IIB; the kiln resembles other such installations found in the central coastal plain. It seems that the site was a small satellite site located along Naḥal Ha-Yarqon, contemporary with the large cities of Afeq-Antipatris, Yafo and Tel Gerisa. The finds from the Late Roman–Byzantine periods included many antilia vessels, pointing to the existence of an antilia well nearby. Two perpendicular …

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A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski

'Atiqot

A Middle Bronze Age II burial cave, reusing a Chalcolithic burial cave, was discovered during excavations carried out at Mazor (West). The Middle Bronze Age remains accumulated above the cave’s bedrock floor, utilizing the entire space. Seven individuals were discovered and about 50 intact or restorable MB II pottery vessels were retrieved, as well as three metal pins, three flint items and animal bones. It is probable that the cave, and other MB II sites in its vicinity, belonged to a system of villages and associated mortuary grounds, which were related to the main urban center at Tel Afeq.

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Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha

'Atiqot

Excavations at the Chalcolithic site at Khirbat el-’Umdan yielded an assemblage of bones, teeth and horns belonging mostly to mammals: sheep, cattle and pigs. These finding are consistent with the picture that emerged from the analysis of other faunal assemblages from Ghassulian sites in the northern Negev, the coastal plain and Galilee.

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The Flint Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 27–35), Ariel Vered Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 27–35), Ariel Vered

'Atiqot

The excavations at Khirbat el-ʻUmdan yielded a small assemblage of 277 flint artifacts dating from the Late Chalcolithic period, with only a few intrusive Paleolithic pieces. It represents an on-site flint knapping industry that focused on the production of expedient flake tools, together with evidence for the use of formal tools, especially sickle blades.

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Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef Jan 2025

Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef

'Atiqot

Six metal artifacts were recovered from the Chalcolithic site near Khirbat el-‘Umdan: four axes, a copper chunk and a broken macehead. Three of the axes and the macehead were chemically tested, allowing for a reconstruction of ancient metalwork, the materials used and the extent of trade relations during the Chalcolithic period. The chemical composition of the axes was found to be similar to that of other contemporary items, while the macehead is a copper-lead alloy, hitherto unknown in the period.

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Groundstone Tools From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 19–25), Ariel Vered Jan 2025

Groundstone Tools From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 19–25), Ariel Vered

'Atiqot

The excavation at the Chalcolithic site of Khirbat el-ʻUmdan yielded a small, typologically varied assemblage of groundstone tools. Vessels comprise the lion’s share of the group, followed by grinding and pounding utensils. The assemblage is characterized by a diversity of raw materials: limestone, flint, basalt, sandstone and beachrock. While a large portion of the assemblage was made of locally available raw materials, a considerable portion was made on non-local ones, attesting to connections with the surrounding regions, either directly or through mediating agents.

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The Late Chalcolithic Pottery Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 1–17), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

The Late Chalcolithic Pottery Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 1–17), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

A small assemblage of Late Chalcolithic pottery was collected during the excavation at Khirbat el-ʻUmdan, including cornets, pedestalled bowls, spouted vessels, basins, holemouth cooking and storage jars, pithoi, kraters, churns and a fragment of a clay animal figurine. The assemblage compares well, both in morphology and composition, with other Late Chalcolithic assemblages in the northern Negev and the Be’er Sheva‘ Valley. The petrographic analysis of the raw materials indicated a local manufacture within the borders of the Shephelah and the nearby Judean Mountains.

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Khirbat El-‘Umdan: A Site From The Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian Culture) At Bet Shemesh (With A Contribution By Elisabetta Boaretto) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–12*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Ron Be’Eri Jan 2025

Khirbat El-‘Umdan: A Site From The Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian Culture) At Bet Shemesh (With A Contribution By Elisabetta Boaretto) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–12*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Ron Be’Eri

'Atiqot

A small excavation near Khirbat el-‘Umdan in the lower Judean Shephelah exposed stone floors bearing remains from the Late Chalcolithic period. The rich finds from the excavation comprise pottery vessels, such as V-shaped bowls, large basins, store jars, holemouths, churns and cornets, and a fragment of a zoomorphic figurine; groundstone vessels; flint tools, including many sickle blades; and a cash of three copper axes and a copper-alloy macehead. Also found were some 30 burned olive stones and animal skeletal remains. It seems that the settlement at the site existed for a short period in the first phase of the Late …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Crusader- And Ottoman-Period Faunal Remains From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 193–197), Guy Bar-Oz Jan 2025

Crusader- And Ottoman-Period Faunal Remains From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 193–197), Guy Bar-Oz

'Atiqot

The excavation of the building in the Old City of ‘Akko produced a small faunal assemblage from the Crusader period (late thirteenth century CE) and several bones from an overlying Ottoman-period deposit. The majority of the bones in both strata belong to sheep, goat and cattle. Pig remains are present only in the Crusader deposits attesting to the diversity of ‘Akko’s inhabitants, and the shift that occurred in the cultural identity of its residents.

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Archaeobotanical Finds From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 199–201), Nili Liphschitz Jan 2025

Archaeobotanical Finds From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 199–201), Nili Liphschitz

'Atiqot

During excavations within the Old City of ‘Akko, remains of a Crusader-period building (thirteenth century CE) destroyed by an intense fire were exposed. The burned layer contained charred wooden beams, samples of which were collected for botanical identification. The identified species attest that the wood was probably imported from Lebanon for roofing purposes.

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The Ottoman Building In The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 187–191), Yael Alef Jan 2025

The Ottoman Building In The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 187–191), Yael Alef

'Atiqot

The Ottoman (WIZO) building in the Old City of ‘Akko was documented by the author as a basis for its conservation. It is of the Central-Hall House type that developed in Lebanon from the iwan house, appearing in Palestine in the last quarter of the nineteenth century CE. Some 120 houses of this type were documented in the Old City of ‘Akko, comprising about 12% of the total number of houses in the Old City, and hence its significance in shaping the urban character of the city. No historical evidence was found for dating the WIZO House, and therefore its …

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A Fishpond From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At ‘Illuṭ (Hebrew, Pp. 29*–48*; English Summary, Pp. 205–206), Edna Dalali-Amos, Yotam Tepper Jan 2025

A Fishpond From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At ‘Illuṭ (Hebrew, Pp. 29*–48*; English Summary, Pp. 205–206), Edna Dalali-Amos, Yotam Tepper

'Atiqot

The excavation in the village of ‘Illuṭ exposed an installation comprising two plastered pools, serving during three phases (A–C). In Phase B the installation was used for fish farming (piscina), as indicated by the incorporation of antilia jars and a clay pipe in one of the pool’s walls. The installation was dated to the Middle Roman period based on the pottery finds, continuing in use until the end of the Byzantine period. This fish farm attests to consumption and economic facets of the inhabitants of the site, as well as to their high technological and agricultural skills.

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The Last Years Of Crusader Acre (‘Akko) And Resettlement In The Ottoman Period: Archaeological Evidence From The Boverel Quarter (Pp. 141–186), Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

The Last Years Of Crusader Acre (‘Akko) And Resettlement In The Ottoman Period: Archaeological Evidence From The Boverel Quarter (Pp. 141–186), Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

An excavation conducted in a two-story Ottoman-period building within the Old City of ‘Akko uncovered a flagstone floor, which was probably the original floor of the late Ottoman building, dating to the later half of the eighteenth, or the early nineteenth, century CE (Stratum I). Below the floor was evidence of an early Ottoman, seventeenth-century CE occupation (Stratum II), and beneath it, a Crusader thirteenth-century CE building, which was destroyed by a fierce fire (Stratum III). It is assumed that the Crusader building was destroyed in the summer of 1291, following its conquest by the Mamluks. The phenomenon of Ottoman …

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Three Iron Age Ceramic Assemblages From The Tel ‘Eton Cemetery (Pp. 121–139), Hayah Katz, Avraham Faust Jan 2025

Three Iron Age Ceramic Assemblages From The Tel ‘Eton Cemetery (Pp. 121–139), Hayah Katz, Avraham Faust

'Atiqot

This article presents three tomb assemblages dated to Iron Age IIA–B. The analysis of the pottery indicates that the three tombs were in use in Iron II: Tomb C2, the earliest tomb, served in Iron IIA, perhaps continuing in use in the transitional Iron IIA–B phase; Tomb A3 was used during the later stage of Iron IIA, possibly continuing slightly into Iron IIB; and Tomb B, the latest of the three tombs, in use in Iron IIB, the eighth century BCE. The Tel ‘Eton tombs provide significant data for the continuous use of this cemetery from the Late Bronze Age …

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The Human Skeletal Remains From Cave 2 At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 117–119), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Human Skeletal Remains From Cave 2 At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 117–119), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were uncovered in EB I–II Cave 2 at ‘En Ḥakhlil, representing at least 19 individuals—4 infants, 7 children and 8 adults—that may have been interred at the site over a relatively short period. The burials possibly originated in the nearby Early Bronze Age settlement of Tel Shadud.

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An Early Bronze Age I–Ii Cemetery At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (With A Contribution By Paulina Spivak) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Yiftah Shalev Jan 2025

An Early Bronze Age I–Ii Cemetery At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (With A Contribution By Paulina Spivak) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Yiftah Shalev

'Atiqot

Four rock-cut burial caves were exposed on a hillside to the south of Migdal Ha-‘Emeq, One (Cave 2) yielded archaeological finds. The cave was badly damaged in antiquity, and the finds within it were found scattered. Most of the finds date to EB IB, including pottery vessels, such as red-slipped and gray-burnished bowls, chalices, amphoriskoi and juglets, as well as beads, a figurine and a few flint items. Skeletal remains belong to at least 19 individuals—children and adults. The burial cave, in use from EB IB to EB II, was probably part of a much larger cemetery, which served the …

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A Zoomorphic Clay Figurine From ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal ‘Ha-Emeq (Pp. 113–116), Nadeshda B. Knudsen Jan 2025

A Zoomorphic Clay Figurine From ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal ‘Ha-Emeq (Pp. 113–116), Nadeshda B. Knudsen

'Atiqot

A nearly complete clay zoomorphic figurine was uncovered in the Early Bronze Age I–II burial cave at ‘En Ḥakhlil. The animal species represented is not clear, as the shape of the ears/horns is vague, and the tail is missing; it may represent a donkey or a bull. The figurine seems to have been deposited as a burial offering for the deceased.

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Anthropological Remains From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 111–112), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 111–112), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in the excavations at Ashqelon, Afridar: an infant buried in a holemouth jar within the settlement, and a single adult in secondary burial outside the dwelling area. These burial practices are associated with the early phase of EB I (EB IA) and as such, they attest to a cultural continuity between the Chalcolithic period and mid-EB I.

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Molluscs From The Early Bronze Age I Site At Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 107–110), Inbar Ktalav Jan 2025

Molluscs From The Early Bronze Age I Site At Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 107–110), Inbar Ktalav

'Atiqot

A total of 49 malacological remains were recovered from Ashqelon, Afridar, comprising mainly local Mediterranean seashells, as well as Chambardia rubens from the Nile region. The exchange of Chambardia rubens might point to maritime trade contacts between Canaan and Egypt in early EB I.

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The Flint Assemblage From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 91–105), Alla Yaroshevich Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 91–105), Alla Yaroshevich

'Atiqot

This report presents an assemblage of 227 flint items recovered from Ashqelon, Afridar. Four distinctive industries were observed: Canaanean blades, tabular scrapers, ad hoc tools and bladelet-based tools. The distinctive bladelet-based industry is typical of the late Chalcolithic period, however, at Ashqelon, it seems to represent an early phase of EB I, as suggested by other finds at the site.

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An Early Bronze Age I Site At Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 45–89), Amir Golani, Nir Shimshon Paran Jan 2025

An Early Bronze Age I Site At Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 45–89), Amir Golani, Nir Shimshon Paran

'Atiqot

Excavation within the Early Bronze Age I Site at Ashqelon exposed two EB I occupation strata (III–II). The Stratum III remains consist of disjointed fragments of mud-brick architecture and several pits. The main architectural features in Stratum II include a large architectural complex, probably part of an enclosure, and several pits. The ceramic assemblage of both Strata III and II is associated with the early stages of EB I (EB IA). The intra-site infant burial discovered in the excavation conforms well with other infant burials previously documented at EB I Ashqelon. The ceramic, flint, groundstone, malacological and faunal remains indicate …

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The Early Bronze Age Ib Burials In The Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age I Cemetery In The Palmaḥim Quarry (Pp. 1–43), Yitzhak Paz, Orit Segal, Ram Gophna, Shmuel Liphshitz, Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

The Early Bronze Age Ib Burials In The Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age I Cemetery In The Palmaḥim Quarry (Pp. 1–43), Yitzhak Paz, Orit Segal, Ram Gophna, Shmuel Liphshitz, Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

This report focuses on the Early Bronze Age IB burial caves excavated on the northern hill in the Palmaḥim Quarry site. Pottery assemblages were retrieved from six burial caves; the petrographic study of the vessels indicates trade between the central hill country and the coastal plain. The Palmaḥim Quarry site represents a well-known phenomenon in the coastal plain, where Chalcolithic-period caves were reused for burial, employing organized mortuary practices and exhibiting an increasing investment in mortuary paraphernalia.

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Geomorphology And Sedimentology Of Gane Ṭal (Pp. 297–306), Oren Ackermann Jan 2025

Geomorphology And Sedimentology Of Gane Ṭal (Pp. 297–306), Oren Ackermann

'Atiqot

The Gane Ṭal site is located in the southeastern part of the Israeli coastal plain and comprises two major soil groups: red sandy (ḥusmas) or non-calcareous (ḥamra) soils; and brown grumusols (vertisols). The occurrence of two soil types in a sequence is evidence of changes in environmental conditions. This study aimed at examining the sedimentological environment of the site before and during the period of ancient occupation, to assess the possibility that environmental conditions changed during that time span.

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The Mollusks From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 293–296), Inbar Ktalav Jan 2025

The Mollusks From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 293–296), Inbar Ktalav

'Atiqot

The malacological remains excavated at Gane Ṭal include Mediterranean shells and land snails dating from the Early Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk periods. Most of the shells had plaster inside their valves, indicating that they were used in construction material. Two shells might have served as ornaments or amulets.

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Four Inscribed Bronze Rings From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 289–292), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss Jan 2025

Four Inscribed Bronze Rings From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 289–292), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss

'Atiqot

Four bronze rings were retrieved from the excavation at Gane Ṭal: one bears an Arabic religious phrase, two are decorated with simple geometric patterns and one is poorly preserved. The small size of the four rings indicates that they belonged to adolescent or young-adult females. The rings appear to be mold-made and of local manufacture.

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The Metal Finds From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 285–288), Kate Raphael Jan 2025

The Metal Finds From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 285–288), Kate Raphael

'Atiqot

The metal finds from Gane Ṭal include objects made of iron and copper alloys, including a bracelet, agricultural tools, a dagger, a pot handle, cosmetic or small surgery tools, nails, a bronze tack, a bronze clasp, bronze rings and musket balls. It seems that a metal workshop for the production and repair of tools existed within the Byzantine-period farmstead.

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