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Articles 22771 - 22800 of 572456

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

A Chronological Revision Of The Date Of The Pottery Finds From The Eastern Circus At Caesarea Maritima (Pp. 105–136), Peter Gendelman Jan 2025

A Chronological Revision Of The Date Of The Pottery Finds From The Eastern Circus At Caesarea Maritima (Pp. 105–136), Peter Gendelman

'Atiqot

The pottery recovered from the IAA excavations in the Eastern Circus originated from stratigraphic contexts related to four major stages: Stratum IV—pre-circus remains; Stratum III—the construction phase of the circus subdivided into three phases (a–c); Stratum II—post-circus activities; and Stratum I—modern topsoil. The pottery associated with the pre-circus remains was dated to between the end of the first century BCE and the second half of the first century CE, and included imported and locally produced vessels. The pottery from the foundation trench of the spina and from sandy fills below the earliest arena (Phase IIIc) dates the erection of the …

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The Fauna From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 93–104), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

The Fauna From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 93–104), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

The small faunal assemblage from Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat contains a diverse assortment of bones that were affected by subaerial weathering. A high frequency of cattle was noticed for the Roman strata, suggesting that the economy of the settlement focused on agricultural production. During the transition to the early Byzantine period, a shift was observed, whence sheep and goats became more dominant than cattle, possibly due to an economic shift from agricultural production to a consumption economy that relied on sheep and goats for meat. In the latest occupation at the site, three camel mandibles were found, exhibiting burning patterns that could …

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The Glass Finds From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 69–82), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 69–82), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The excavation in the dwellings and agricultural installations at Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat in the Lower Galilee yielded nearly 400 glass fragments, about half of which were diagnostic. The finds range in date from the Early Roman to the late Ottoman periods. Most of the finds date from the fourth–early fifth centuries CE (Strata IV and III), comprising bowls, beakers, bottles and jugs, and from the sixth–seventh centuries CE (Strata II and I), including bowls, wineglasses, bottles and lamps. The glass vessels shed light on everyday life in a rural settlement in the Lower Galilee.

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The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 83–92), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 83–92), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

This article constitutes a report on the numismatic finds from the IAA 2008 excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat, as well as on a hoard found near the site in 1962, and another small hoard discovered at the same spot in 1972. In the 2008 excavation, 31 bronze coins, 6 of which were unidentifiable, were found, predominately dating to the fourth century CE (Stratum IV). Three coins precede this period: a ‘year two’ pruṭa of the Jewish War and two antoniniani of Gallienus and his wife Salonina. The 1962 hoard dates from the mid-fourth century CE. The coins from the 1972 excavation …

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Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat In The Late Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 1–68), Yardenna Alexandre Jan 2025

Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat In The Late Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 1–68), Yardenna Alexandre

'Atiqot

At the site, located near Shefar’am in the Lower Galilee, six architectural strata (VI–I) were discerned. Their dates range from the late Hellenistic to the late Byzantine/Early Islamic periods. During the late Hellenistic period (Hasmonean period; second century BCE), there was a small village at the site, which was possibly settled by Judean colonizers. The finds from the Early Roman period include Kefar Ḥananya wares and a few chalkstone vessel fragments, which hint at the Jewish identity of the inhabitants. In the Middle Roman period (third–fourth centuries CE), there was renewed activity at the site; the pottery forms, including Kefar …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Mosaic Floors, Liturgical Furniture And Architectural Sculpture From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 119*–134*; English Summary, Pp. 145–146), Lihi Habas Jan 2025

Mosaic Floors, Liturgical Furniture And Architectural Sculpture From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 119*–134*; English Summary, Pp. 145–146), Lihi Habas

'Atiqot

Excavations within the Ḥorbat Ḥadat church revealed several mosaic floors, a marble chancel screen post and a limestone column capital. The mosaic floors were laid in the early phase of the church and continued in use during its later phase. All the carpets and panels exhibit geometric and floral patterns made in a variety of colored tesserae. The low chancel screen post has a groove for fitting a chancel screen panel and two holes with metal remains, probably for fitting an offerings table. The capital bears an engraved cross within a circle.

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A Greek Inscription From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Pp. 121–126), Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

A Greek Inscription From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Pp. 121–126), Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A three-line Greek inscription was uncovered in the church at Ḥorbat Ḥadat, set within the mosaic pavement of the nave, at the foot of the bema. The inscription includes a unique quotation from Psalms and an invocation to Christ. The inscription is dated to the fifth century CE, most likely in its second half, based on the shape of the letters.

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A Byzantine-Period Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 93*–118*; English Summary, Pp. 141–143), Uzi ‘Ad, Orit Segal, Oren Shmueli, Rudolph Cohen Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Hebrew, Pp. 93*–118*; English Summary, Pp. 141–143), Uzi ‘Ad, Orit Segal, Oren Shmueli, Rudolph Cohen

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat Ḥadat revealed a church paved with colorful mosaic floors. Two phases of construction were discerned: an early phase, comprising a basilica-type church and a complex of adjacent rooms; and a later phase, when the plan of the church was altered and reduced in size. The construction of the church is dated according to a Greek inscription in a mosaic floor to the second half of the fifth century CE. It is plausible that the church belonged to a large agricultural monastery that was in use from the mid-fifth or early sixth century through the seventh or mid-eighth …

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Roman-Period Wall Paintings From The Western Quarter At Gamla (Pp. 83–120), Yoav Farhi, Lena Naama Sharabi Jan 2025

Roman-Period Wall Paintings From The Western Quarter At Gamla (Pp. 83–120), Yoav Farhi, Lena Naama Sharabi

'Atiqot

The colored wall-painting fragments presented in this article were retrieved from the Western Quarter at Gamla. The fragments are of excellent quality, most of them colored red, yellow-ochre and green, often bordered by black or red bands. Several patterns were noticed among the fragments: molding and marble imitations, geometric patterns, meanders, vegetation, thin pilasters and decorative borders. These fresco and secco fragments complement the previously published stucco fragments from Gamla and serve an important role in the reconstruction of the decorative schemes of the houses.

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The Coins From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 89*–91*; English Summary, P. 140), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 89*–91*; English Summary, P. 140), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

The excavation in the southeastern part of the City of David yielded 27 coins, 20 of which were identified. All the coins are made of bronze and were minted in Jerusalem. They were all dated to the last 110 years before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, the latest dating from “Year 4” of the First Jewish Revolt (69/70 CE).

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Radiocarbon Dating Of The Plaster Of Siloam Pool In The City Of David (Pp. 79–81), Elisabetta Boaretto Jan 2025

Radiocarbon Dating Of The Plaster Of Siloam Pool In The City Of David (Pp. 79–81), Elisabetta Boaretto

'Atiqot

Plaster samples were collected from the outer face of the dam wall of the Siloam Pool in the City of David. The age obtained corresponds to the Persian and Hellenistic periods. The discrepancy between this date and the date based on the archaeological material and stratigraphy (seventh century–586 BCE) is currently difficult to explain.

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A Second Temple Period Registration Tag From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 87*–88*; English Summary, P. 139), Ronny Reich Jan 2025

A Second Temple Period Registration Tag From The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road (Hebrew, Pp. 87*–88*; English Summary, P. 139), Ronny Reich

'Atiqot

The excavation in the southeastern part of the City of David yielded a body fragment of a clay jar bearing a Hebrew inscription. The inscription seems to represent the agricultural produce of dried figs, probably from one of the many agricultural farms that existed around Jerusalem in the late Second Temple period.

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A Scarab And Two Scaraboids From Ḥorbat ʻAlona (Khirbat El-‘Alawina) (Pp. 75–78), Ianir Milevski Jan 2025

A Scarab And Two Scaraboids From Ḥorbat ʻAlona (Khirbat El-‘Alawina) (Pp. 75–78), Ianir Milevski

'Atiqot

One scarab and two scaraboids were found in the excavation at Ḥorbat ʻAlona. The scarab is adorned with the well-known ʻnude goddess’ pattern, probably originating in an MB IIB building. The two scaraboids are very eroded; they were found out of context and therefore, are impossible to date.

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The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road: A Plastered Pool Adjacent To The Siloam Pool (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–86*; English Summary, Pp. 137–138), Zvi Greenhut, Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

The City Of David (‘Ir David), Siloam Road: A Plastered Pool Adjacent To The Siloam Pool (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–86*; English Summary, Pp. 137–138), Zvi Greenhut, Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

In the excavation conducted east of the Siloam Pool, a plastered pool was partially exposed along a segment of the outer face of the dam wall. The pool was dated, based on the plaster that coated it and the pottery and coins retrieved from its foundations, to the later part of the first century CE. These findings attest that the pool was constructed during the Great Revolt, probably in its last year, and was in use for a short time only.

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The Middle Bronze Age Pottery Of Ḥorbat ‘Alona (Khirbat El-‘Alawina) (Pp. 47–73), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

The Middle Bronze Age Pottery Of Ḥorbat ‘Alona (Khirbat El-‘Alawina) (Pp. 47–73), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Alona yielded an extensive assemblage of Middle Bronze Age pottery, representing various vessel shapes typical of the period. The most prominent vessel types are the store jars/pithoi and the open bowls. Given the rural character of the site, it is only natural that utilitarian shapes predominate.

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Ḥorbat ‘Illin Taḥtit: A Late Early Bronze Age Ia–B Settlement In The Bet Shemesh Region (Pp. 1–46), Ron Be’Eri, Yitzhak Paz, Nuha Agha, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Ariel Vered Jan 2025

Ḥorbat ‘Illin Taḥtit: A Late Early Bronze Age Ia–B Settlement In The Bet Shemesh Region (Pp. 1–46), Ron Be’Eri, Yitzhak Paz, Nuha Agha, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Ariel Vered

'Atiqot

The excavation conducted at Ḥorbat ‘Illin Taḥtit (Lower) revealed the fringes of the previously excavated Early Bronze Age settlement at the site. A large residential structure, comprising two adjoining rooms and a large courtyard, was uncovered, as well as another, partially preserved structure, which was separated from it by an alleyway. Almost all the excavation loci contained a mixture of EB IA and EB IB pottery types. A small assemblage of knapped flint artifacts was unearthed; they were well-preserved and homogenous in composition. The small assemblage of faunal remains points to an economy based on sheep, goat and cattle. The …

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Remains Of Rural Settlements From The Middle Bronze Age, The Late Iron Age And The Persian Period, And Terrace Walls From The Late Byzantine And Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat ‘Alona (Khirbal El-Alawina) (With Contributions By Alon De Groot, Hamoudi Khalaily And Rina Bankierer) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–70*; Pp. 127–136), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Remains Of Rural Settlements From The Middle Bronze Age, The Late Iron Age And The Persian Period, And Terrace Walls From The Late Byzantine And Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat ‘Alona (Khirbal El-Alawina) (With Contributions By Alon De Groot, Hamoudi Khalaily And Rina Bankierer) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–70*; Pp. 127–136), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

The remains of a rural settlement from Middle Bronze Age IIB were uncovered at the site, comprising two types of residential structures: the ‘courtyard house’ and the ‘terraced house.’ The pottery assemblage is typologically homogeneous. The economy of the villagers was apparently based on agricultural crops, which were cultivated in the valley of Naḥal Soreq. At the end of the Iron Age–beginning of the Persian period, a rural settlement continued to exist at the site, which was part of Jerusalem’s agricultural hinterland. A large building of the ‘three-room house’ type was exposed, as well as three other adjacent buildings. Most …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Ottoman Tobacco Pipes From Khan Et-Tujjar (Pp. 263–270), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Ottoman Tobacco Pipes From Khan Et-Tujjar (Pp. 263–270), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Nine clay pipes and one marble pipe were unearthed in the marketplace unearthed southeast of the Ottoman-period citadel northwest of Khan et-Tujjar. The pipes include specimens spanning the entire period of their manufacture and use in the Levant, between the beginning of the seventeenth and the early twentieth century CE.

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Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

The salvage excavation near Khan et-Tujjar yielded a small assemblage of animal bones originating in the marketplace that operated at the site from the late Mamluk to the late Ottoman periods. The assemblage is too small to draw conclusions regarding meat consumption at the Khan et-Tujjar marketplace; however, it seems that most of the meat came from cattle and sheep. Several vertebrae exhibit a split along their length, indicating carving by an expert butcher.

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A Mamluk- And Ottoman-Period Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–56*; English Summary, Pp. 274–275), Edna Dalali-Amos Jan 2025

A Mamluk- And Ottoman-Period Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–56*; English Summary, Pp. 274–275), Edna Dalali-Amos

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted at the southeastern foot of the citadel west of Khan et-Tujjar exposed the remnants of a marketplace known from historical sources and travelers’ and explorers’ diaries, who traveled throughout Syria and Israel during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. The lively and bustling marketplace operated weekly for centuries. The rich finds—including imported vessels from Syria, Turkey, Italy, Spain and even China—attest to an international commercial activity resembling a European fair.

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The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick Jan 2025

The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick

'Atiqot

This report presents the fauna remains from Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, retrieved from the Byzantine-period ashlar building and the Umayyad-period farmhouse. The bone assemblage from Modi‘in is dominated by numerous bone fragments, probably indicating slaughterhouse waste. The low number of cattle is remarkable, indicating local agriculture ruled by caprine herds and derived produce, e.g., milk and wool, as well as a small number of pig bones, probably indicating the ethnicity of the ancient inhabitants, either Jews or Muslims.

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A Byzantine Rural Complex With An Olive Press And An Umayyad Farmhouse On The Banks Of NahׅAl ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 199–240), Avraham S. Tendler, Hagit Torge Jan 2025

A Byzantine Rural Complex With An Olive Press And An Umayyad Farmhouse On The Banks Of NahׅAl ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 199–240), Avraham S. Tendler, Hagit Torge

'Atiqot

The excavations on the banks of Nahׅal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, unearthed the remains of a Byzantine (sixth century CE) rural agricultural estate, comprising an olive press installed in a natural cave and an ashlar building, and a later Umayyad-period farmhouse (seventh to mid-eighth centuries CE). The pottery finds reflect three architectural phases: the Byzantine-period construction phase; the collapse of the cave’s ceiling and destruction of the installations; and the Umayyad-period farmhouse.

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The Glass Finds From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 241–250), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 241–250), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations carried out on the banks of Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, yielded an assemblage of glass finds, all of which were free-blown and many of which were decorated. The finds are characteristic of the Byzantine–Umayyad periods, i.e., the fourth–eighth centuries CE, including bowls, bowls/beakers, bottles, lamps and windowpanes, enhancing our knowledge of the glass products used in this region.

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Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini Jan 2025

Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini

'Atiqot

Three excavation areas were opened in ‘Avedat National Park, revealing important evidence regarding the effects of earthquakes on the Byzantine-period occupation at the site. In Area B, near the South Church, rooms were added on the exterior of an earlier building in the early fifth century CE, next to a heavy revetment wall. The exterior of a wall covered with red-painted (dipiniti) Christian motifs was uncovered in front of a cave, pointing to its use as a stable by a monastic community. It seems that this wall underwent structural damage, probably due to the early fifth-century CE earthquake. The site …

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The Glass Vessels From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 111–141), Yael Gorin-Rosen, Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

The Glass Vessels From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 111–141), Yael Gorin-Rosen, Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ḥammat Gader yielded large quantities of glass fragments mainly dating to two periods: Late Roman/early Byzantine (fourth–early fifth centuries CE), and late Byzantine–Umayyad (seventh–mid-eighth centuries). A few fragments date to the early Abbasid period (second half of eight–early ninth century). The glass assemblage revealed the most common types: bowls, beakers, wineglasses, bottles, oil lamps and a windowpane. The similarities in form, fabrics and workmanship may point to a local glass production.

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Coins From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 143–151), Ariel Berman, Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

Coins From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 143–151), Ariel Berman, Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

A total of 189 bronze coins, 52 of which were identifiable, were retrieved from the Ḥammat Gader excavations. According to the numismatic evidence, the slope east of ‘Ein el-Jarab was first settled during the second half of the fourth century CE (Straum 4). The bulk of the coins assigned to Stratum 3 date to the fourth–sixth centuries CE, the latest belonging to the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I, dated to the beginning of the eighth century CE and an Umayyad post-Reform fals. All the coins associated with Stratum 2 are Umayyad post-Reform issues, for the most part dating to the eighth …

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Byzantine- And Umayyad-Period Structures Near The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader(Pp. 61–109), Moshe Hartal Jan 2025

Byzantine- And Umayyad-Period Structures Near The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader(Pp. 61–109), Moshe Hartal

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted east of the hot water pools of ‘Ein el-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader, revealed building remains, comprising mosaic floors and flagstone-paved plazas, dating from the end of the Late Roman (Stratum 4), Byzantine (Stratum 3) and Umayyad (Stratum 2) periods. The buildings were apparently destroyed in the earthquake of 749 CE. The site was reoccupied in the ninth century CE, during the Abbasid period (Stratum 1). It seems that the structures and the plaza served the patrons of the hot springs, possibly as dressing rooms and as therapy spaces.

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A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker

'Atiqot

Remains of a Roman-period mausoleum were exposed, comprising a central room flanked by three loculi on each side. A clay coffin was found in oneloculus, containing a single burial of a 15–25-year-old individual accompanied by an unusual combination of burial goods—oil lamps and glass vessels—that do not align clearly with either Jewish or pagan burial practices.

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