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Articles 184411 - 184440 of 574221

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Playing God: Sub-Creation, Rules, And Role-Playing Games, George Simeon Evans Jan 2017

Playing God: Sub-Creation, Rules, And Role-Playing Games, George Simeon Evans

All ETDs from UAB

Role-playing games can allow for extreme creative freedom where world building is concerned. In this sense, they inherit much of their structure from Tolkien’s idea of sub-creation. However, along with this creative freedom, RPGs contain rote rules and restrictions that must be followed. This paradox creates an intrinsic tension that players are forced to deal with. Rather than casting off restrictions, or punishing players that do not submit, gamers need to understand the purpose and necessity of rules, and be empathetic towards other players when they have difficulty following the dictates of a gaming manual. If these principles are followed, …

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Neuroanatomical Correlates Of Antisocial Traits In Adolescent Males, Emma Sartin Goodman Jan 2017

Neuroanatomical Correlates Of Antisocial Traits In Adolescent Males, Emma Sartin Goodman

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Prior research suggests that antisocial traits and behaviors often found in psychopathy are also present during childhood and adolescence. Thus, understanding the neurobiology of children and adolescents who are displaying early-signs of antisocial behavior can enhance the pace of diagnosis, allow for earlier and more effective intervention, and allow for researchers to record the developmental trajectory of these traits more accurately. This project used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to examine the neuroanatomy of gray and white matter in 25 adolescent males, which were further analyzed using a regression model and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory …

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Non-Markovian Investigation Of An Autonomous Quantum Heat Engine, Ketan Goyal Goyal Jan 2017

Non-Markovian Investigation Of An Autonomous Quantum Heat Engine, Ketan Goyal Goyal

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A systematic study of a quantum heat engine is presented in this thesis. In particular, we study heat conduction through a two-two level composite system, which is then connected to a photon cavity to extract work, forming an autonomous quantum heat engine. The question as to what extent quantum effects such as quantum coherence and correlations impact thermodynamic properties of such a system is addressed. The investigated heat engine has been previously studied using the popular Born-Markovian quantum master equation under weak internal coupling approximation. However, we show that the used approach is quite limited in addressing such problems as …

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Fabrication, Structure, And Transport Properties Of Alumina Nanofiber-Based Materials, William Anthony Brayer Jan 2017

Fabrication, Structure, And Transport Properties Of Alumina Nanofiber-Based Materials, William Anthony Brayer

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One of the most promising nano-materials is nanofibrous alumina (Al2O3) but current production methods are too slow and too inconsistent for applications outside of laboratory proof of concepts. Alumina structures were fabricated from aluminum nitrate/polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor nanofibers prepared using a novel free-surface alternating current (AC) electrospinning method. Precursor fibers were generated at the rates up to 6.4 g/h and collected as 100–300 m thick sheets suitable for direct conversion into the nanofibrous alumina structures. A computational model of the surrounding electric field was constructed to compare to experimental observations. The effects of process conditions and annealing temperature on the nanofiber …

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Patterns Of Cerebellar Connectivity With Intrinsic Connectivity Networks In Autism Spectrum Disorders, Haley Bednarz Jan 2017

Patterns Of Cerebellar Connectivity With Intrinsic Connectivity Networks In Autism Spectrum Disorders, Haley Bednarz

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This study investigated the patterns of functional connectivity between three intrinsic connectivity networks (default mode, executive, salience) and the cerebellum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is substantial evidence of cerebellar pathology in ASD, and recent evidence implicates cortico-cerebellar connectivity in the disorder. Three intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) of the cortex have particular relevance to the conceptualization of cognitive processing in ASD: the default mode, executive control, and salience networks. In typically developing (TD) adults, the cerebellum is functionally connected with each of these networks. The contributions of the cerebellum to these three ICNs may differ between ASD …

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A Comparison Of Novice And Experienced Drivers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Haley Johnson Bishop Jan 2017

A Comparison Of Novice And Experienced Drivers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Haley Johnson Bishop

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According to recent estimates, only 33% of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) successfully achieve licensure compared to nearly 84% of the general population. Despite this decreased number of individuals driving in the ASD population and the importance of driving in increasing independence and quality of life, research in transportation safety among drivers with ASD is limited. Many of the impairments associated with ASD such as anxiety, processing speed and executive function may negatively impact driving performance. This study is among the first to objectively assess possible demographic, cognitive and simulated driving performance differences in individuals with ASD who are …

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Connectivity Of The Striatal Resting-State Networks In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Thomas Patrick Deramus Jan 2017

Connectivity Of The Striatal Resting-State Networks In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Thomas Patrick Deramus

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Social deficits and repetitive behaviors and are core features of autism. Structural and functional alterations in the striatum, brain regions highly involved in movement planning, regulation, and motivation, may underlie these core features. However, few studies have examined functional connectivity (FC) of the striatum in autism; and fewer have examined anatomical connectivity despite hypotheses of structural alterations influ-encing FC autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To address these gaps, the current study examined FC of resting-state brain networks in the striatum in 19 typically developing and 19 children with autism (ages 7-17 years) from the Autism Brain Imaging Database Exchange II. The …

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Factors Guiding Cd4 T Cell Fate Bifurcations, Daniel Francis Ditoro Jan 2017

Factors Guiding Cd4 T Cell Fate Bifurcations, Daniel Francis Ditoro

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Naïve CD4 T cells differentiate into a variety of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets uniquely tailored to the specific inflammatory context. Despite the extraordinary heterogeneity of potential fate outcomes, two distinct but related functional bifurcations appear common to all inflammatory contexts. Following activation, CD4 T cells either home to the site of inflammation and influence peripheral events or remain in the secondary lymphoid tissue to modulate central processes. Similarly, activated cells either drive or suppress inflammation. These functional bifurcations are coincident and sufficiently independent to allow for the simultaneous generation of all four potential outcomes. Pro-inflammatory cells retained in the …

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Exploring Prenatal Maternal Self-View, Early Home Environment And Toddler Socioemotional Development In First-Time Teen Low Education And Adult High And Low Education Mothers, Bethany Stenger Jan 2017

Exploring Prenatal Maternal Self-View, Early Home Environment And Toddler Socioemotional Development In First-Time Teen Low Education And Adult High And Low Education Mothers, Bethany Stenger

All ETDs from UAB

Maternal self-perception and children’s early home environment have been linked to a number of areas of child development. This study looked at the influence of both prenatal maternal parenting self-efficacy and personal mastery, coined as the concept maternal self-view (MSV), on children’s 4-month home environment and 1-year socioemotional development. The effect of 4-month home environment, as measured by the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) including the Supplement to the HOME for Impoverished Families (SHIF) and by the Family and Maternal Life History (FMLH), overall and in regards to the presence of television and crowding, on 1-year child …

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The Role Of Cognitive Reserve In Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury, Kayla Steward Jan 2017

The Role Of Cognitive Reserve In Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury, Kayla Steward

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Objective: To examine whether cognitive reserve (CR) attenuates the initial impact of TBI on cognitive performance (passive model) and results in faster cognitive recovery rates in the first year post-injury (active model), and whether the advantage of CR differs based on the severity of TBI. Setting: Inpatient/outpatient clinics at academic medical center. Participants: Adults with mild TBI (mTBI; n=28), complicated mild TBI (cmTBI; n=24), and moderate-to-severe TBI (msevTBI; n=57), and demographically-matched controls (n=66). Design: Retrospective; longitudinal cohort assessed at 1-, 6-, and 12-months post-injury. Main Measures: Outcomes were 3 cognitive domains: processing speed/executive function, verbal fluency, and memory. Premorbid IQ, …

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An Investigation Of The Neurobiological Heterogeneity In Autism, Adhd, And Typical Development, Melissa Thye Jan 2017

An Investigation Of The Neurobiological Heterogeneity In Autism, Adhd, And Typical Development, Melissa Thye

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Standard fMRI studies of healthy as well as clinical populations rely heavily on group-level averages to draw inferences about brain and behavior. This presumes neural and behavioral homogeneity within diagnostic groups resulting in group-level models which may not capture individual variability. This problem is especially relevant for studies of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which clinically present with widespread individual differences. The prevalence of comorbidity between these disorders is roughly 28% highlighting the possibility that there may be shared behavioral and neural markers which cut across the diagnostic boundaries delineating the …

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Morse Theory In Finite Dimensions, William Smith Tidwell Jan 2017

Morse Theory In Finite Dimensions, William Smith Tidwell

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Morse Theory is a subset of manifold theory that looks at non-degenerate critical points of functions on manifolds. The Morse Lemma allows for a local coordinate system to be made around a non-degenerate critical point to express the function in a standard form. When these properties come together to describe the manifold on a global level it can have significant results related to its various diffeomorphisms. I will discuss some of these unique properties that Morse Theory has in identifying the generalized shape of surfaces, and then expand that into finitely many dimensions. I will show that any smooth function …

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Effects Of A Cooking Program On Social Skills, Adaptive Functioning, And Dietary Behavior Of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eva Phui Phui Trinh Jan 2017

Effects Of A Cooking Program On Social Skills, Adaptive Functioning, And Dietary Behavior Of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eva Phui Phui Trinh

All ETDs from UAB

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by two domains: 1) deficits in social interaction and communication, and, 2) restricted and repetitive behavior, interests, or activities. Poor adaptive functioning skills is an associated feature of ASD and leads to concerns for establishing independence as adolescents with ASD transition into adults. The dietary behavior of adolescents in the United States do not meet national standards for healthy eating, which could lead to poor health outcomes. Eating and feeding problems are more prevalent in children with ASD compared to their typically developing peers. Independent skills and health are a main source of stress …

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Familial Support And Mental Health Service Use: Differences Among First- And Second-Generation Asian American And Latino Older Adults, Jessica Lynn Valles Jan 2017

Familial Support And Mental Health Service Use: Differences Among First- And Second-Generation Asian American And Latino Older Adults, Jessica Lynn Valles

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While several studies have shown that US-born Asian Americans and Latinos are more likely to use mental health services than their foreign-born counterparts, the effects of generation status and familial support is unclear. Furthermore, little is known about these associations and how they affect older adults. According to the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), as adults begin transition into advanced age, they begin to withdraw from broader social networks to focus on more intimate relations, such as those with children. In applying modernization theory to the family and aging, this theory would suggest that the status of older adults in families …

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History, Counter-Memory, And Commemoration: Enacting Remembrance For The Comfort Women Of Wwii, Christina Joan Inman Jan 2017

History, Counter-Memory, And Commemoration: Enacting Remembrance For The Comfort Women Of Wwii, Christina Joan Inman

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The case of the comfort women of East Asia is one of the largest human trafficking epidemics to have taken place in the twentieth century. It remains, however, an issue that is still widely unknown to the general public and has been obscured in both Eastern and Western historical texts up until the early 1990s. Scholars have determined that an estimated two hundred thousand young girls, now referred to as the comfort women, were forced into sexual servitude for the Japanese army during WWII. Of this number, seventy percent of the women did not survive the war. Currently, only forty …

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God Is Always There For Me: Spiritual Coping In Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis And Their Parents - A Qualitative Study, Christina Helen Jagielski Jan 2017

God Is Always There For Me: Spiritual Coping In Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis And Their Parents - A Qualitative Study, Christina Helen Jagielski

All ETDs from UAB

Cystic Fibrosis is a chronic, life threatening genetic disorder involving complex medical treatments and numerous psychosocial stressors affecting both the patient and his or her family. Spiritual coping strategies provide useful means to solving problems, developing a sense of control, and making meaning of negative events and have been shown to be useful for people living with chronic illness. This qualitative study focused on the use of spiritual coping strategies and the subjective impact of using such strategies for 15 adolescents with cystic fibrosis and their parents. Thematic analysis identified themes regarding personal and collective spiritual coping strategies, the impact …

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Polymeric Stimuli-Sensitive Self-Assembled Micro- And Nano-Particles For Controlled Drug Delivery, Fei Liu Jan 2017

Polymeric Stimuli-Sensitive Self-Assembled Micro- And Nano-Particles For Controlled Drug Delivery, Fei Liu

All ETDs from UAB

The research presented in this thesis is focused on the design and development of stimuli-responsive polymeric particles for drug delivery, including tannic acid-based layer-by-layer capsules with pH- and ionic strength-dependent permeability as well as size- and structure-tunable poly-(N-vinylcaprolactam)-based temperature-responsive polymersomes and micelles. Polymer-based particles play essential roles in controlled drug delivery due to their tunable sizes and nanostructures, and can be further advanced through functionalization, allowing pH-, ionic strength- and temperature-sensitivities to alter the therapeutics’ pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution. Two typical pathways for engineering polymeric drug delivery vehicles are introduced in this thesis, layer-by-layer self-assembly at inter-faces and self-assembly from block …

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Molecular And Biochemical Characterization Of Cellular Stress Sensing Proteins Gcn2 And Ire1 In Arabidopsis Thaliana Immune Responses, Xiaoyu Liu Jan 2017

Molecular And Biochemical Characterization Of Cellular Stress Sensing Proteins Gcn2 And Ire1 In Arabidopsis Thaliana Immune Responses, Xiaoyu Liu

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Plants are capable of recognizing conserved molecular structures from pathogens and precisely regulates gene expression to establish effective and efficient immune responses. Transcriptional regulation has been extensively characterized in plant immunity, while relatively less is understood on the translational level. Moreover, switching cellular energy from growth- to defense-related activity may result in the buildup of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) is critical for restoringllular homeostasis. My dissertation is set out to understand the function of translational regulatory mechanism and UPR in plant immune responses. As a key transcriptional regulator …

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A Metrically Defined Uniformization Map Of Planar Domains, Ivan Holden Mann Jan 2017

A Metrically Defined Uniformization Map Of Planar Domains, Ivan Holden Mann

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Let D be the unit disk in the Riemann sphere C and D ∞ = C\D be its complement. A standard way to uniformize a proper simply connected domain U ⊂ C containing 0 is to consider a Riemann map φ : D → U such that 0 maps to 0. Images in D ∞ of radial line segments are called conformal rays. Brouwer defines metric rays in U using the centers of maximal balls touching ∂U and a function ψ, which we call here the Brouwer map. We use a new definition len of length under which every path …

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Fall Out Boys And The Spice Girls: Understanding The Criminal Careers Of Those Who Use Spice, Whitney Julia Marsh Jan 2017

Fall Out Boys And The Spice Girls: Understanding The Criminal Careers Of Those Who Use Spice, Whitney Julia Marsh

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Since the early 2000s, Novel Psychoactive Drugs (NPDs) have been gaining popularity in the illicit drug world. One of the most popular NPDs is synthetic marijuana, commonly referred to as spice. Initially unregulated, spice became popular among and accessible to a diverse array of people throughout the United States. Deleterious health effects, including death, have been attributed to spice use. Recognizing a lack of criminological research available on spice use, this study seeks to understand why individuals use spice—why they began to use spice specifically, why they persisted, and why they quit if applicable. Based on 34 in-depth interviews and …

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A Multi-Modal Approach To Sulforaphane-Mediated Chemoprevention Using The Epigenetic Network, Samantha Martin Jan 2017

A Multi-Modal Approach To Sulforaphane-Mediated Chemoprevention Using The Epigenetic Network, Samantha Martin

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Colon cancer is the third most common diagnosed cancer in both women and men in the United States. It is reported that dietary factors are responsible for 70-90% of colon cancer cases. While some investigators have observed a direct correlation in high fat diets and cancer initiation, other studies have observed opposite effects mediated by fruit and vegetable consumption. Recently, studies have highlighted the importance of Epigenetics as it modifies gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Notably, several nutritive compounds have been reported to alter epigenetic profiles in many cancer forms. SFN, an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such …

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The Ecology And Evolution Of Invertebrate-Cyanobacterial Symbioses, Kenan Matterson Jan 2017

The Ecology And Evolution Of Invertebrate-Cyanobacterial Symbioses, Kenan Matterson

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Intimate partnerships between marine invertebrates and microbial symbionts have garnered renewed interest, as advances in next generation sequencing have revealed substantial microbial diversity in tropical sponges and ascidians. These datasets have generated a suite of new questions concerning the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that structure these microbial partnerships. The research presented herein addresses such questions by integrating in situ ecological manipulations with modern molecular techniques to characterize the interactions between the host invertebrate and microbiome and its potential role in structuring marine communities. Implementing in situ manipulative shading experiments alongside replicated bacterial clone libraries, I documented significant variation in host …

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Predicting Internalizing And Externalizing Child Behavior: A Comparative Analysis Between Autism Spectrum Disorder And Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Elizabeth Mcrae Jan 2017

Predicting Internalizing And Externalizing Child Behavior: A Comparative Analysis Between Autism Spectrum Disorder And Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Elizabeth Mcrae

All ETDs from UAB

Parent-related and environmental factors are both important variables in predicting and understanding internalizing and externalizing child behaviors. In clinical child populations, these factors are particularly important not only because of the increased demands the child’s disorder places on their caregivers and their environment but also because of the increased levels of internalizing and externalizing child behaviors associated with childhood psychopathology. Two such clinical child populations are Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Specifically, parents of children with these disorders are at increased risk of experiencing poorer parental adjustment which affects their parenting behaviors and the routines they …

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Diamond-Based Sensors And Diamond Micro-Anvils For Studies On Materials Under Extreme Conditions, Samuel Lawrence Moore Jan 2017

Diamond-Based Sensors And Diamond Micro-Anvils For Studies On Materials Under Extreme Conditions, Samuel Lawrence Moore

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This work encompasses the development and construction of a state of the art Microfabrication facility to produce diamond-based sensors for applications in extreme environments. The facility utilizes maskless lithography housed in a class 7000 clean room and DC-sputter deposition, along with a 1.2 kW Chemical Vapor Deposition system for the encapsulation of metallic micro-probes in single crystal diamond. Extensive research and development has been applied to developing a novel and reproducible method for fabrication of designer diamond anvils, that feature sensing probes integrated into the diamond anvil and are capable of unobtrusively measuring resistivity of a material whilst simultaneously compressing …

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Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Gel-Sol And Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions: Effects Of Solid Surfaces And Nanoconfinement, Jennifer Rachel Prado Jan 2017

Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Gel-Sol And Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions: Effects Of Solid Surfaces And Nanoconfinement, Jennifer Rachel Prado

All ETDs from UAB

This research explores the effects of nanoconfinement and solid surfaces on gel-sol and liquid-liquid phase transitions through the changes in the thermodynamics and kinetics. The transitions that occur in the presence of solid surfaces were studied calorimetrically and compared to bulk. Two systems, gelatin gels and triethylamine/water (TEA/H2O) binary solution both undergo a phase transition on heating. Employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isoconversional kinetic analysis, the changes upon introducing a solid surface or nanoconfining were quantified. The first system probes the effect of the addition of laponite, montmorillonite, and chitosan particles on the structure of gelatin gels. It was …

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Enhancing Rating-Prediction By Incorporating User Concerns Discovered From User Reviews, Ligaj Pradhan Jan 2017

Enhancing Rating-Prediction By Incorporating User Concerns Discovered From User Reviews, Ligaj Pradhan

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Collaborative filtering (CF) based rating prediction discover similar users and items to predict unknown ratings based on how similar users have rated similar items. Discovering and infusing additional knowledge to supplement the discovery of similar users can potentially improve the accuracy of CF-based rating prediction. Neighborhood discovery and non-negative matrix factorization (MF) are very popular techniques for collaborative filtering. Hence, we try to improve these two techniques to increase rating prediction accuracy by using multi-view clustering to better discover neighborhoods and infusing additional user behavior knowledge, respectively. Additional user behavior knowledge is extracted by mining User-Concern vectors (UC-vectors) which represent …

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The Effects Of Incubation Environment On The Phenotype Of Hatchling Turtles: Implications For Ecology, Evolution, And Conservation, Taylor Matthew Roberge Jan 2017

The Effects Of Incubation Environment On The Phenotype Of Hatchling Turtles: Implications For Ecology, Evolution, And Conservation, Taylor Matthew Roberge

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Temperature-dependent sex determination has significant implications for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of reptiles because it can affect sex ratios, reproduction and fitness in a population. The studies presented in this dissertation characterized the impact of temperature on sex determination using both laboratory- and field-based experiments. The effects of fluctuating temperature on sex ratio, incubation duration, and hatchling phenotype were examined at 28.2 ± 5°C and 31 ± 3°C. Fluctuating incubation temperature was found to extend incubation duration, relative to constant incubation temperatures, in both cases and resulted in a significant difference in sex ratio when eggs were incubated at …

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From Despised Temporary Governor To First Elected Governor Of Louisiana: The Vindication Of William Charles Cole Claiborne, Stephanie Keller Womack Jan 2017

From Despised Temporary Governor To First Elected Governor Of Louisiana: The Vindication Of William Charles Cole Claiborne, Stephanie Keller Womack

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ABSTRACT In 1803 President Thomas Jefferson commissioned William Charles Cole Claiborne as a representative of the United States to accept the cession of the Louisiana Territory from France. After the United States took control of Louisiana on December 20, 1803, President Thomas Jefferson commissioned Claiborne as the temporary governor of the territory while Congress devised a governmental structure of the new territory and the president sought more qualified candidates for the position of governor. The inhabitants of Louisiana protested the choice of Claiborne as temporary governor, pointing to his inability to speak their language (French and Spanish), his youth (he …

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The Effectiveness And Feasibility Of The Peers® School-Based Social Skills Intervention For Adolescents With Social Difficulties, Caroline Larkin Leonczyk Jan 2017

The Effectiveness And Feasibility Of The Peers® School-Based Social Skills Intervention For Adolescents With Social Difficulties, Caroline Larkin Leonczyk

All ETDs from UAB

The present study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of the PEERS® social skills intervention for a transdiagnostic group of adolescents with social difficulties, both with and without neurodevelopmental disorders or mental health diagnoses, in the public high school setting. Twenty-four students participated in the study. Adolescents in the intervention group displayed significantly improved social skills knowledge and overall involvement in conversation compared to those in the waitlist control group. Almost half of adolescents in the intervention group displayed improvements in at least one conversational skill domain that were observable to an independent rater blinded to treatment status and time point. …

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Pterostilbene Inhibits The Progression Of Breast Cancer Through The Down-Regulation Of The Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (Htert) And The Akt/Mtor/P70s6k Pathway, Michael Daniel Jan 2017

Pterostilbene Inhibits The Progression Of Breast Cancer Through The Down-Regulation Of The Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (Htert) And The Akt/Mtor/P70s6k Pathway, Michael Daniel

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Breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed and second most common cause of cancer related deaths among women in the United States. Although overall breast cancer death rates have dropped over the past decades, current chemotherapeutic methods often prove ineffective and result in off-target, cytotoxic effects. Recently, the use of natural, dietary compounds as agents of chemoprevention and therapy has become increasingly provocative. Pterostilbene (PT), a stilbenoid found largely in the blueberries, has been shown to exhibit both antioxidant and antiproliferative effects in a variety of cancer types. We observed that PT, at physiological concentrations, inhibits the proliferation, cell …

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