Biomedical Commons^™

Hand (Motor) Movement Imagery Classification Of Eeg Using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy-Inference Neural Network, Rory Larson Donovan

Master's Theses

Approximately 20 million people in the United States suffer from irreversible nerve damage and would benefit from a neuroprosthetic device modulated by a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). These devices restore independence by replacing peripheral nervous system functions such as peripheral control. Although there are currently devices under investigation, contemporary methods fail to offer adaptability and proper signal recognition for output devices. Human anatomical differences prevent the use of a fixed model system from providing consistent classification performance among various subjects. Furthermore, notoriously noisy signals such as Electroencephalography (EEG) require complex measures for signal detection. Therefore, there remains a tremendous need to …

Pet/Mr Imaging Of Hypoxic Atherosclerotic Plaque Using 64cu-Atsm, Xingyu Nie

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION

PET/MR Imaging of Hypoxic Atherosclerotic Plaque Using 64Cu-ATSM

by

Xingyu Nie

Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Engineering

Washington University in St. Louis, 2017

Professor Pamela K. Woodard, Chair

Professor Suzanne Lapi, Co-Chair

It is important to accurately identify the factors involved in the progression of atherosclerosis because advanced atherosclerotic lesions are prone to rupture, leading to disability or death. Hypoxic areas have been known to be present in human atherosclerotic lesions, and lesion progression is associated with the formation of lipid-loaded macrophages and increased local inflammation which are potential major factors in the formation of vulnerable …

Using Pet/Mri To Assess Hepatic Radioembolization Of Yttrium-90 Microspheres, Nichole Millward Maughan

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Radioembolization of yttrium-90 (Y-90) microspheres is used to treat primary and secondary cancers in the liver. Though this therapy has existed for decades, the treatment is not well optimized from treatment planning to post-procedural assessment. Recently, there has been a surge to utilize the small positron yield from the radioactive decay of Y-90 for post-radioembolization positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the microsphere activity distribution. These images provide promise for dosimetry assessment, identifying extrahepatic uptake and possible under-dosed lesions that may benefit from subsequent therapy. However, due to the low positron statistics and high flux of Bremsstrahlung radiation, PET imaging …

The Electrophysiology Of Resting State Fmri Networks, Carl David Hacker

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Traditional research in neuroscience has studied the topography of specific brain functions largely by presenting stimuli or imposing tasks and measuring evoked brain activity. This paradigm has dominated neuroscience for 50 years. Recently, investigations of brain activity in the resting state, most frequently using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have revealed spontaneous correlations within widely distributed brain regions known as resting state networks (RSNs). Variability in RSNs across individuals has found to systematically relate to numerous diseases as well as differences in cognitive performance within specific domains. However, the relationship between spontaneous fMRI activity and the underlying neurophysiology is not …

Development And Applications Of Novel Fluorescent Molecular Probe Strategies, Dolonchampa Maji

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Optical imaging and spectroscopy technologies offer the ability to provide structural and functional information in a fast, low-cost, ionizing radiation free, highly sensitive and high throughput fashion. The diverse contrast mechanisms and complementary imaging platforms form the foundation for the application of optical imaging in pre-clinical studies of pathophysiological development as well as direct clinical application as a tool for diagnosis and therapy. Fluorescence imaging techniques have been one of the most rapidly adopted methods in biology and biomedicine. Visualization of biological processes and pathologic conditions at the cellular and tissue levels largely relies on the use of exogenous fluorophores …

Multidataset Independent Subspace Analysis: A Framework For Analysis Of Multimodal, Multi-Subject Brain Imaging Data, Rogers F. Silva

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Mental illnesses are serious disorders of the brain that have devastating effects on individuals and society. In addition to their disabling and impairing effects, mental illnesses have deep social and economical implications, accounting for an estimated loss of 12 billion working days and a care cost surge to $6 trillion a year by 2030. For diseases such as depression and anxiety, enhancing preventive programs and treatment accessibility, in combination with accurate early diagnosis and personalized treatments, are projected to result in a four-fold return on every dollar invested, a strategy that can drastically help curtail those losses. Notably, within the …

An Exact Analysis For Four-Order Acousto-Optic Bragg Diffraction Which Incorporates Both Incident Light Angle And Sound Frequency Dependencies, Adeyinka Sunday Ademola

Electrical Engineering Theses

This thesis extends the prior work which produced an exact solution to the four-order acousto-optic (AO) Bragg cell with assumed fixed center frequency and with exact Bragg angle incident light. The extension predicts the model that incorporates the dependencies of both the input angle of light and the sound frequency. Specifically, a generalized 4^th order linear differential equation (DE), is developed from a simultaneous analysis of four coupled AO system of DEs. Through standard methods, the characteristic roots, which requires solving a quartic equation, is produced. Subsequently, a derived system of homogeneous solutions, which absorbs the roots obtained using …

Development Of An Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System By Embedded Electronics, Manikandan Venkatesan Gomathy

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Measuring Oxygenation of blood (SaO2) plays a vital role in patient’s health monitoring. This is often measured by pulse oximeter, which is standard measure during anesthesia, asthma, operative and post-operative recoveries. Despite all, monitoring Oxygen level is necessary for infants with respiratory problems, old people, and pregnant women and in other critical situations.

This paper discusses the process of calculating the level of oxygen in blood and heart-rate detection using a non-invasive photo plethysmography also called as pulsoximeter using the MSP430FG437 microcontroller (MCU). The probe uses infrared lights to measure and should be in physical contact with any peripheral points …

Estimation Of Localized Ideal Oximetry Sensor Lag Via Oxygen Desaturation-Disordered Breathing Event Cross-Correlation, Brian Snider, A Kain

Faculty Publications - Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

In previous work, we attempted to identify events using sensor data from full-night polysomnography studies using a global 20-second oximetry sensor lag across all studies. However, we observed that oxygen desaturation onset trailed the corresponding human expert-labeled events by varying amounts of time, even within the same study. In this work, we estimate the localized ideal oximetry (SpO₂) sensor lag using the cross-correlation between the labeled disordered breathing event and the observed desaturation.

Silent Communication Device, Christopher Wayne Schutter

Master's Theses

Oral communication has constituted as a necessary aspect of how people interact with one another, but there are always situations where this form of communication can create distractions, irritation, or even danger. Take for example, a student in a laboratory who needs to communicate effectively with a lab partner without creating a distraction to those trying to work around said student or a soldier on a battlefield who needs to relay information effectively to his or her comrades without revealing his or her position to the enemy. It becomes apparent that people need a more exclusive form of communication in …

T1, T2, And Off-Resonance Mapping Using A Non-Linear Least-Squares Fit Of The Bssfp Signal, Meredith Taylor, Joseph Valentine, Steven Whitaker, Neal Bangerter

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

The mapping of MR relaxation times has found a broad variety of applications in the study of disease. Unfortunately, the gold standards for acquiring T₁ and T₂ maps require long scan times, and are therefore more suited to 2D acquisitions with limited slices. For reasonable scan times, resolution is limited making these scans less useful for showing fine morphological detail. A rapid 3D sequence at higher resolutions that could be used to provide both morphological detail and relaxation time maps would be particularly useful. We propose a technique with potential to provide simultaneous band-free 3D datasets and estimates …

Bssfp Elliptical Signal Model With Grappa Parallel Imaging, Grayson Tarbox, Joseph Valentine, Meredith Taylor, Neal Bangerter

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

In magnetic resonance imaging, balanced steady-state free precession acquisition using the elliptical signal model geometrical solution can be combined with a GRAPPA parallel imaging reconstruction that preserves phase information to shorten scan times.

Water Fat Separation With Multiple-Acquisition Bssfp Mri, Michael A. Mendoza 8232743, Joseph Valentine, Neal Bangerter

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

We present a technique that combines the advantages of bSSFP MRI with Dixon reconstruction in order to produce robust water fat separation with high SNR in a short imaging time, while simultaneously reducing banding artifacts that traditionally degrade image quality.

3d Printed Microfluidics, Hua Gong, Clayton Ramstedt, Adam T. Woolley, Gregory P. Nordin

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

3D printing for microfluidic (lab-on-a-chip) devices

Toward Improving Electrocardiogram (Ecg) Biometric Verification Using Mobile Sensors: A Two-Stage Classifier Approach, Robin Tan, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals sensed from mobile devices pertain the potential for biometric identity recognition applicable in remote access control systems where enhanced data security is demanding. In this study, we propose a new algorithm that consists of a two-stage classifier combining random forest and wavelet distance measure through a probabilistic threshold schema, to improve the effectiveness and robustness of a biometric recognition system using ECG data acquired from a biosensor integrated into mobile devices. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using a mixed dataset from 184 subjects under different health conditions. The proposed two-stage classifier achieves a total of 99.52% subject …

Enhanced Breast Cancer Classification With Automatic Thresholding Using Support Vector Machine And Harris Corner Detection, Mohammad Taheri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Image classification and extracting the characteristics of a tumor are the powerful tools in medical science. In case of breast cancer medical treatment, the breast cancer classification methods can be used to classify input images as benign and malignant classes for better diagnoses and earlier detection with breast tumors. However, classification process can be challenging because of the existence of noise in the images, and complicated structures of the image. Manual classification of the images is timeconsuming, and need to be done only by medical experts. Hence using an automated medical image classification tool is useful and necessary. In addition, …

Properties And Optimization Of Respiratory Navigator Gating For Spiral Cine Dense Cardiac Mri, Sean Michael Hamlet

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can non-invasively assess heart function. Displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) is an advanced cardiac MR imaging technique that measures tissue displacement and can be used to quantify cardiac mechanics (e.g. strain and torsion). When combined with clinical risk factors, cardiac mechanics have been shown to be better predictors of mortality than traditional measures of heart function.

End-expiratory breath-holds are typically used to minimize respiratory motion artifacts. Unfortunately, requiring subjects to breath-hold introduces limitations with the duration of image acquisition and quality of data acquired, especially in patients with limited ability to hold their breath. …

Respiratory Prediction And Image Quality Improvement Of 4d Cone Beam Ct And Mri For Lung Tumor Treatments, Seonyeong Park

Theses and Dissertations

Identification of accurate tumor location and shape is highly important in lung cancer radiotherapy, to improve the treatment quality by reducing dose delivery errors. Because a lung tumor moves with the patient's respiration, breathing motion should be correctly analyzed and predicted during the treatment for prevention of tumor miss or undesirable treatment toxicity. Besides, in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), the tumor motion causes difficulties not only in delivering accurate dose, but also in assuring superior quality of imaging techniques such as four-dimensional (4D) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and 4D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Specifically, 4D CBCT used in CBCT …

A Comprehensive Analysis On Eeg Signal Classification Using Advanced Computational Analysis, Kaushik Bhimraj

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been used in a wide array of applications to study mental disorders. Due to its non-invasive and low-cost features, EEG has become a viable instrument in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). These BCI systems integrate user's neural features with robotic machines to perform tasks. However, due to EEG signals being highly dynamic in nature, BCI systems are still unstable and prone to unanticipated noise interference. An important application of this technology is to help facilitate the lives of the tetraplegic through assimilating human brain impulses and converting them into mechanical motion. However, BCI systems are remarkably challenging to implement …

Human Behavior Recognition Ssing Brain Lfp Signal In The Presence Of The Stimulation Pulse, Hosein M. Golshan, Adam O. Hebb, Sara J. Hanrahan, Joshua Nedrud, Mohammad H. Mahoor

Electrical and Computer Engineering: Graduate Student Scholarship

Design and Methodology

This study concentrates on human behavior classification task using local field potential (LFP) signals recorded from three subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Existing approaches mainly employ the LFP signals acquired under the stimulation/off condition. In practical situations, however, it is necessary to design a classification method capable of recognizing different human activities under the stimulation/on condition, where the classification task is more complicated due to the artifacts imposed by the high amplitude stimulation pulse (~1-3volts). We utilize the time-frequency representation of the acquired LFPs in the Beta frequency range (~10-30Hz) to develop a feature space based on …